• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.71-86
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• 2024

Despite the increasing importance of urban parks' ecological functions in dealing with the climate crisis, ecological parks are not clearly defined in Korea's legal system. Numerous ecological parks created nationwide cannot be systematically designated and managed due to various legal bases and varying management authorities. It is important to clarify the legal status of ecological parks in order to lead the ecological paradigm shift of urban parks and to improve the natural park system for a comprehensive and integrated approach to protect the national ecosystem. To this end, related laws were analyzed to identify problems and to draw directions for legislative improvement. Through the literature review of relevant laws, acts, and ordinances, six major directions for improvement were suggested based on the analysis of problems. First, the legal status of ecological parks in the administrative dichotomy of the current park system is ambiguous, and ecological parks should be clarified through the revision of park-related laws. Second, an ecological park can be defined as a sustainable park created and managed in an ecological manner, promoting the protection and restoration of the ecosystem, conservation, and promotion of biodiversity, and balancing nature observation, ecological learning, and leisure activities. Third, the role of the state and local governments should be systematically revised to lead to a new park planning and management model through new governance. Fourth, since the characteristics of ecological parks are affected by individual laws, the possibility of overlapping ecological parks for other uses should be allowed. Fifth, detailed guidelines and standard ordinances need to be enacted to meet the goals, principles, and facilities of ecological parks. Lastly, along with the revision of the laws, ordinances by local governments also need to be more concrete. This study, which tracks various legal realities related to ecological parks, can contribute to policymaking that can systematize the foundation for the creation of ecological parks to preserve nationwide ecosystems and provide citizens with opportunities to experience and learn about nature.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.131-145
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• 2015

Cultural assets restoration is being considered highly as a practical way to extend the lifespan of damaged cultural assets and re-highlight their value. However, restoration process has been mostly dependent on the manual work involving the experience and skill of a person performing restoration, thereby requiring much time and effort. In recent, it became possible to apply a method allowing restoration to be performed more accurately and easily according to the material characteristics and shape of cultural assets. Namely, it is to use a method of printing out the 3D shape data computed in computer as real object by using 3D printer for the restoration that has been performed manually. The missing part of a cultural asset is computed into computer data first and is printed out by using 3D printer to undergo a simple shaping process. The result of 3D printer application showed that repetitive output and shape and figure revision of digital data were possible, and it was possible to improve the degree of completedness of restoration through test output using various types of restoration materials using various materials. For the purpose of verifying the possibility of applying 3D printer to restore missing part of earthenware, two pieces of modern reproductions, namely, the Seven Treasure Incense Burner and Earthenware with Wagon Wheel Decoration, were artificially damaged. The restoration result showed that compared to manual work, it showed better effectiveness in curtailing work time and reproducing accurate shape. On the other hand, secondary manual work was slightly needed for detailed binding and to vividly express surface texture.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.47-60
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• 2015

This study observes the fact that there exist restrictions due to the election-law-based regulations on web campaigns in Korea although web campaigns are widely spreading around the globe, and aims to analyze this aspect from the political context. As a result of the research, first, this study found out that Article 93, Clause 1 of the makes it possible to do permanent web campaigns on the strength of the Constitutional Court's decision of limited unconstitutionality, whereas Article 59 and 254 of the same Law(Election Campaign Offence) differ from the above Article 93, Clause 1; thus, it is necessary to revise the relevant law. Second, as for the request for taking measures for the depletion of ISP, etc., it is necessary to reform the provisions of the and together. These provisions are excessive regulations of the on ISP, also having the possibility of dual punishment. Third, there is also the need to amend Clause 6 of Article 82 (Real Name Confirmation of the Message Board, and chat room of Internet Media) of the from a long term perspective. It is because this Clause also has much room for restrictions of the freedom of expression in the long term despite the Constitutional Court's decision of its constitutionality in July, 2015. Lastly, this study is to reinterpret why it is difficult to revise the from the two sorts of political contexts and to propose the ' Reform Multiple Governance' as the revision method for web campaign revitalization.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2008

Background: Aortic diseases tend to involve the entire aorta. Hence, there is the constant possibility of the need for a secondary operation at the remnant aorta. This study analyzed our cases of secondary aortic surgery in order to determine its characteristics and problems. Material and Method: Between April 2003 and June 2007, 12 patients (6 male and 6 female) underwent thoracoabdominal aortic replacement as a secondary aortic operation. Their clinical courses were analyzed. Four of the patients underwent lower thoracobadominal aortic replacement under the normothermic femorofemoral bypass, and the others underwent an entire thoracobdominal aortic replacement under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Result: There was no death or paraplegia. As local complications, there were 3 cases of wound infection and 2 cases of an immediate reoperation caused by bleeding and one case of delayed wound. revision for a contaminated perigraft hematoma. As a systemic complication, there was one case of renal insufficiency, which required hemodialysis and one case of respiratory insufficiency that needed prolonged ventilator care. The mean admission period was $30{\pm}21$ days. All the patients were followed up for $626{\pm}542$ days without reoperation or other problems. Conclusion: Using properly selected patients and a careful approach, thoracoabdominal aortic replacement can be performed safely as a secondary aortic surgery.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.72-91
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• 2015

This study is aimed at researching and analyzing the actual conditions of the curriculum and career path of chemical engineering field in specialized high school, and seeking for a curriculum improvement plan for activation by means of identity establishment of chemical engineering field. This study surveyed the actual conditions of school (department) regarding chemical engineering, and analyzed an adequacy among the curriculum, department name and acquired license. The results are as follows. Firstly, In order to the chemical engineering field to maintain the identity of chemical engineering and accept the changes in the industrial site, it is desirable for the department name to use the name of applied science, such as Applied Chemical Industry, Nano Chemical Industry, Environmental Chemical Industry, Energy Chemical Industry, Convergence Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ceramic Chemical Engineering, Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, and Food Bio-chemical Engineering, which are derived from chemical engineering, and the revision of curriculum should be included. Secondly, it is necessary to diversify relevant licenses by standard department of chemical engineering field, and clarify the purpose of human resources development and the image of talented, considering the future course of graduates and the demand of industry, for the purpose of improving school-leveled curriculum to raise the possibility of employment. Thirdly, in accordance with the changing paradigm that secondary vocational education is changed from 'just-to-know education (knowledge)' to 'can-do education (capability)', it is necessary to make the performance ability-centered curriculum in which 'chemical engineering industry - chemical engineering vocational education - chemical engineering qualification' are integrated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.11 no.2 s.23
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• pp.41-49
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• 2005

In general, the criminal responsibility of seaman should always be directly assumed by the seamen, according to the principle of self-incrimination. Therefore, the only possible countermeasures for the criminal responsibility of seamen may be to reduce the responsibility by using criminal procedures (ex. the warrant substance examination system, the review system of legality for confinement as much as possible. Another possibility is to reduce the penalty through the revision of the law. In detail, concerning the problem of fine, the maximum fine for oil spill accidents by criminal negligence is KRW 30,000,000 under the current Ocean Pollution Prevention Act, and when an oil spill occurs, the maximum fine tends to be levied regardless of the amount of the spilled oil; thus, it is judged that grading the fine according to the amount of spilled oil may be worth considering. Regarding P & I's payment of fine, contrary to general belief, it is only possible to make up the loss when P & I takes up the legal responsibility or acknowledges its payment. In order to solve the problem, it is possible to consider the option of introducing new collective insurance program or mutual aid system. Also, as seamen are not specialists in legal issues, the ship owners' association or the marine afficers' association need to develop some program through which they can receive systematic assistance from legal specialists including lawyers when they encounter any legal problems (ex. free legal aid programs for farmers and fishermen). Finally, it may be possible to establish enact new laws or revise the existing Act on Special cases Concerning the Settlement of Traffic Accidents to insert a new section on marine accidents.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.77-82
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• 2017

Recently, the possibility of abnormal waves of which height is greater than design wave height have been increased due to the climate change, and therefore it has been urgent to secure the stability for harbor structures. As a countermeasure for improving the stability of conventional caisson breakwaters, a method has been proposed in which adjacent caissons are interlocked with each other to consecutively resist the abnormal wave forces. In order to reflect this research trend, the reduction effect of the maximum wave force resulted from introducing a long caisson has been presented in the revision to the design criteria for ports and fishing harbors and commentary. However, no method has been proposed to evaluate the stability of interlocking caisson breakwater. In this study, we consider the effect of the phase difference of the oblique incidence of the wave based on the linear wave theory and apply the Goda pressure formula for considering design wave pressure distribution in the vertical direction. Sliding stability assessment formula of an interlocking caisson breakwater is proposed for regular, irregular, and multi-directional irregular wave conditions.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.65-75
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• 2019

The government is promoting recycling of waste resources through the enactment of Fundamental Law on Resource Circulation, the revision of the Wastes Control Act and zero-landfilling of untreated waste through improved processes such as recycling and diversification. As of 2015, the total amount of landfilled waste is 38,308 ton/day in Korea. The amount of landfilled waste from industrial sectors is 23,577 ton/day, accounting for 62 % of total landfilled waste. In the study, we investigated the characteristics of the thermal treatment residue among inorganic wastes and estimated the landfill reduction potential according to the relevant recycling criteria, which can go through recycling paths. As a result, it is estimated that about 5~42 % of the landfilled waste can be reduced in case mandatory recycling and landfill suppression policies such as recycling criteria for thermal processing residues and expansion of recycling obligation targets should be implemented. In order to minimize landfill disposal, it is necessary to expand the diversity of waste recycling type and the usage of recycled products.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.119-145
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• 2023

The Pharmaceutical Affairs Act stipulates medication counseling as an obligatory requirement in the case of preparation of medicine. In fact, there are many cases where pharmacists only tell patients the dose and time and do not properly guide them on taking medications. However, in light of the current situation where non-face-to-face treatment is being attempted, there is a high possibility of drug-taking accidents due to insufficient medication guidance. In addition, as an aging society progresses, the need for explanations on pharmaceuticals is increasing. If a pharmacist causes damage to a patient by failing to give appropriate medication guidance, the patient can claim compensation for damages. In addition, if a drug accident occurs due to a conflict between the pharmacist's duty to guide medication and the doctor's duty to explain, a joint tort is established between the pharmacist and the doctor. Nevertheless, there are cases in which only doctors are judged to bear the tort liability. However, the Pharmaceutical Affairs Act includes providing information for the selection of over-the-counter drugs in the medication guidance as part of the medication guidance obligation. Therefore, in order to reconsider the importance of the medication-taking guidance duty, it is necessary to define the medicationaking information provision method and the medication-taking guidance duty as separate concepts. In addition, it is necessary to amend related regulations centered on patients so that medication guidance, such as side effects of medicines and interactions with concomitant medications, can be made in detail.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.520-544
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• 2021

This study aims to develop a scientific creativity test for exploring the relationship between elementary students' creative process and product. For this, the researcher reviewed the literatures of scientific creativity and developed the items based on the constructs of creative process and product. After a review conducted by nine science education specialists, a pilot test, and additional revision and supplementation of observation test, the test, consisting of two sets-"animals" and "plants"-was finally conducted on 105 fifth-grade students. The test results were analyzed by using statistical analysis software. WinSteps, SPSS, and AMOS. The main findings from this study are as follows. First, when it comes to scientific creativity, creative process consists of science knowledge, inquiry skills, and creative thinking skills (divergent, convergent, and associative thinking skills). Creative product in science is a new and scientifically useful idea realized in a certain form. Second, observation, which was selected as a representative inquiry skill in this research, should not be related to creative thinking skills. Third, among the rest of the items, usefulness had the lowest averages, as it was, perhaps, difficult to satisfy the teachers' criteria for the scientific validity and usefulness. Fourth, the Spearman correlation coefficients between the items of "animals" and "plants" to find out the parallel-form reliability were significant, except for the item of originality. Fifth, the test was satisfactory with regard to the three aspects of construct validity-convergent, discriminant, and nomological. This study concludes by discussing the usefulness of this test, which has the possibility of exploring the relationship between creative process and product and of playing a role as an authentic evaluation tool in school.