• 품질경영학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.516-526
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• 2011

The AS9100 standard builds upon the ISO 9001:2000 quality management system requirements(in their entirety) and defines additional quality management system requirements for the aerospace industry. The 9100 standard on quality management system requirements is intended to be used at all levels of the supplier chain. The International Aerospace Quality Group has released a revision to 9100 for the aviation, space and defense industries. This change aims at improvement on quality, schedule and cost performance by adopting new requirements based on stakeholders' needs. This paper is to review how the AS9100 QMS Requirement has been established and improved, and to communicate the significant changes from AS9100, Rev. B to Rev. C focusing on reasons for revisions. The proposed schedule and considerations on the transition of the changes to Rev. C are also dealt with in this paper.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.301-318
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a standard tool of pattern identification, which will be applied to clinical research, for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Method: The items and structure of the instrument were based on a review of the published literature in China and Korea. The advisory committee on this study included 11 kidney-endocrine professors of the Korean Medical Colleges Division and 4 Korean medicine doctors who had a doctor's degree in the Kidney-Endocrine Division. The advisory committee was questioned regarding pattern identification importance, symptom weight, treatment importance, changes in the symptoms, rare changes in the symptoms, and frequency of prescriptions regarding benign prostatic hyperplasia. Results: The Korean instrument of pattern identification was completed; it was composed of four questions for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Conclusion: We sincerely look forward to improving the instrument through the continuous clinical studies.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.65-86
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• 2015

Under current international investment law clear criteria to determine standards of indirect expropriation are absent. Arbitral tribunals determine on a case-by-case whether an indirect expropriation has occurred by conducting a fact-based inquiry. However, three common determination standards can be inferred by analyzing prior arbitration cases. The appropriate analytical framework that can be applied to determine whether a state's measure constitutes an indirect expropriation is as follows. i) the degree of economic invasion of the state's action into the foreign investor's property rights and durability of the period, ii) interference with the foreign investor's distinct and reasonable investment-backed expectations, and iii) the nature, purpose and character of the state's measure. Therefore, it is necessary to fully acknowledge and to utilize strategically this determination standard. However, derived standards cannot be applied to all disputes en masse. So, it is desirable to exclude ambiguity and to clearly define the determination standard of indirect expropriation in investment agreements, since arbitral tribunals can apply different determination standards on a case-by-case basis. And, based on the discussions until now, more developed standards and direction in response to demand should be established through consistent analysis and review of precedents related to indirect expropriation. Lastly, This study is expected to be a useful guideline to prepare a necessary countermeasure to prevent dispute related to indirect expropriation beforehand or in case of dispute occurrence.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.1617-1623
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• 2016

Cisplatin-based concurrent chemoradiation plays an undisputed key role as definitive treatment in unresectable patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma head and neck or as an organ preservation strategy. Treatment with 100 mg/m2 3-weekly cisplatin is considered the standard of care but is often associated with several adverse events. The optimum drug schedule of administration remains to be defined and presently, there is insufficient data limiting conclusions about the relative tolerability of one regimen over the other. This review addresses regarding the optimal dose schedule of cisplatin focusing mainly on three-weekly and weekly dose of cisplatin based concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced head and neck cancer with an emphasis on mucositis, dermatitis, systemic toxicity, compliance, and treatment interruptions. To derive a definitive conclusion, large prospective randomized trials are needed directly comparing standard 3-weekly cisplatin ($100mg/m^2$) with weekly schedule ($30-40mg/m^2$) of concurrent cisplatin based chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma head and neck.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제53권
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• pp.135-153
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• 2012

Incoterms is a standard transaction terms and conditions which is established to provide goods delivery, cost and risks between the seller and the buyer as a principle concerned. Incoterms is made of international rules about regular uses of transaction terms and condition. It removes uncertainty of misunderstanding and applying rules, commercial customs and etc, between nations. Incoterms does not have an enforcement like an unified rules or an agreements established between different nations. Therefore, it is just considered as a standard formal terms and conditions from International Chamber of Commerce. For those reasons, validity of Incoterms applies only when parties of contract come to an agreement not by officially adopted or applied by law in each nation. Incoterms 2010 contains specific and clear articles which is fixed version of incoterms 2000, it has insufficient points on insurance contract article. Though, insurance contract belongs to sales contract, it sustains independence itself. It is difficult to sustain perfection until establishment of insurance contract and expiration by fixing the articles. As a result, it is necessary for sellers and buyers take a full responsibility of making complete insurance contract. This paper is written for those reasons in this filed.

• 경영과학
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2017

IS audit has been regarded as contributing to the improvement of the quality of information Systems, recently, it has been argued that it is not possible to expect a effectiveness, because it can offset the schedule burden due to the preparation of additional documents for Audit and it affect to the project schedule. The effectiveness and quality criteria of IS audit are different between groups, because IS audit is responsible for checking the results and process of the developer company. In this study, we modeled between IS effectiveness and auditor competence, audit firm competence, IS audit standards. As a result, it was concluded that auditor competence, audit firm competence, IS audit standards have a positive effect on IS audit effectiveness. However, according to the result of comparing between interest groups, audit firm competence and audit standards were significant in auditor group, but audit standard was significant in requesting organization and developing company thought that auditor was a important factor to audit effectiveness.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine the self-regulation in E-commerce business and review the major issues of self-regulation in several countries. This paper reviewed the legislation for the self regulation of APEC, OECD and EC, and introduced the regulation system for several countries, such as U.S. U.K and Japan. Also, we analyzed the current issues and problems of self-regulation in Korea and tried to suggest the future direction. There were three different regulations such as market forces, government regulation and self-regulation and the model of self-regulations were shaped in various types. Even though the government made the standard regulations for business sector but it was impossible to direct individual firms and their compliance of those regulations. To compensate the government regulation, the self regulation with low cost is needed and also two kinds of regulations has to be unified to enhance the regulation system in E-commerce. Industries should participate for the regulation voluntarily and consumers must give an award of legislation for self-regulation to motivate the self-regulations of industries.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.63-90
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• 2011

Safflower is a world-wide plant for multiple uses. flower of safflower is honghwa(紅花) which has been used for heart disease in oriental medicine. but its seed was not used in oriental medicine. after the publication of "Shinyak(神藥)" - the late 1980s, its seed(紅花子, hongwhassi) was known as good for bone fracture, osteoporosis and menopausal disorders. so many researchers studied hongwhassi and delivered lots of papers. the concern of each paper is different. this paper is a review paper. this paper studied documentary records about hongwhassi, and analyzed hongwhassi research trend. the trend consists of cultivation, ingredient analysis, osteoporosis, atherosclerosis, periodontal ligament and phytoestrogen. many papers lack of information about plant origin. so this paper supplements the standard form of plant origin(when sowing, where grow up, which direction, what kind etc).

• 통상정보연구
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.239-261
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• 2008

Documentary credit transactions are judged by the principle of strict compliance. The compliance of the tendered documents with the credit's teams ensures the proper completion of the underlying transaction. But if the documents tendered by beneficiary differ, a discrepancy of documents occurs. Such a discrepancy raises difficult problems for the bank to which the documents are tendered. It has to decide whether to reject or accept them or to accept them under a protective mechanism. Therefore, this study is to examine the case study of complying presentation of the description of the goods in documentary credit through the Korean Supreme Court Cases. The objectives of this paper are as follow : 1. To examine two point of views on document compliance such as strict compliance and substantial compliance. 2. To analyze Korean Case Law which challenges the legal conclusions, standard for examination of documents and New ISBP. 3. To draw out the criterion for conformity and discrepancy of description in invoices and WC and to provide the guidelines for determining the nature and extent of an issuing bank's duty of documentary compliance. 4. Finally to suggest some implications through the Korean case law. By using the examination standards for description of goods suggested in Korean Case Law and New ISBP, the traders will be able to prepare documentation more perfectly and document checkers will be able to examine the negotiation documents more easily.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.64-71
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• 2018

Objectives The purpose of this study is to examine the correlation of antibiotics administration duration and antimicrobial resistance by reviewing domestic and foreign literatures. Methods We searched literatures dated up to 23 February, 2018 in PubMed and Cochrane Library using terms of "Anti-Bacterial Agents", "Carrier State", "Nasopharynx", "Drug Administration Schedule", and also searched via RISS (Research Information Service System), KISS (Koreanstudies Information Service System), DBpia (DataBase Periodical Information Academic) using terms of antibiotics, resistance, and dose. Results In comparison with shortened and standard antibiotic course, longer treatment duration is associated with greater antimicrobial resistance or non-significant difference, but we cannot find literature that shortened antibiotic course increases antimicrobial resistance on human nasopharyngeal flora. Conclusions Currently, there is no evidence that completing the standard antibiotic course reduces antimicrobial resistance. It can be a strategy for reducing antibiotic use to apply Korean medicine treatment, as well as short-course antibiotic therapy or delayed antibiotic prescription. Additional well-designed trials should be conducted in domestic and foreign settings about the appropriate duration of antibiotic therapy.