• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제62권6호
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• pp.765-776
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• 2020

The retinal degenerative disease, progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) is a major reason of vision impairment in canine population. Canine PRA signifies an inherently dissimilar category of retinal dystrophies which has solid resemblances to human retinis pigmentosa. Even though much is known about the biology of PRA, the knowledge about the intricate connection among genetic loci, genes and pathways associated to this disease in dogs are still remain unknown. Therefore, we have performed a genome wide association study (GWAS) to identify susceptibility single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of PRA. The GWAS was performed using a case-control based association analysis method on PRA dataset of 129 dogs and 135,553 markers. Further, the gene-set and pathway analysis were conducted in this study. A total of 1,114 markers associations with PRA trait at p < 0.01 were extracted and mapped to 640 unique genes, and then selected significant (p < 0.05) enriched 35 gene ontology (GO) terms and 5 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways contain these genes. In particular, apoptosis process, homophilic cell adhesion, calcium ion binding, and endoplasmic reticulum GO terms as well as pathways related to focal adhesion, cyclic guanosine monophosphate)-protein kinase G signaling, and axon guidance were more likely associated to the PRA disease in dogs. These data could provide new insight for further research on identification of potential genes and causative pathways for PRA in dogs.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.54-65
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify influencing factors on vision-related quality of life in patients with retinal diseases receiving intravitreal injections by examining relationships among anxiety, depression, coping, eye health behaviors and vision-related quality of life. Methods: One hundred and five outpatients who were diagnosed with macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy were recruited from one university hospital during August 16, 2019 to March 25, 2020. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage, mean, standard deviation), and t-tests, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson's correlations, and stepwise multiple regressions using the IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0. Results: The vision-related quality of life according to general characteristics of retinal disease patients with intravitreal injection showed significant differences in age (F=3.01, p=.034), subjective economic status (F=5.83, p=.004), types of retinal disease (t=2.62, p=.010), and disease in both eyes (t=-3.04, p=.003). The vision-related quality of life showed a significant positive correlation with age (r=.24, p=.012), and negative correlations with anxiety (r=-.66, p<.001), depression (r=-.48, p<.001), and emotion-focused coping (r=-.20, p=.036). The hierarchical regression analysis indicated that factors affecting vision-related quality of life in patients with retinal diseases were anxiety and subjective economic status, accounting for 47.0% of the variances of the vision-related quality of life. Conclusion: Based on our results, health professionals need to pay attention to patients with low socioeconomic status due to frequent treatments. Also, a program needs to be developed to decrease anxiety for outpatients receiving intravitreal injections to improve their vision-related quality of life.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.261-263
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• 2002

The presence of retinals (retinal and 3,4-didehydroretinal) has been known in the eggs of wide range of oviparous vertebrates, but the biological significance of the egg retinals has yet to be clarified. We here show that retinals are the major components of retinoids in the eggs of all species of chordate animals we examined. The egg retinals were commonly bound to egg yolk proteins, the storage proteins, via a Schiff base linkage. The Schiff base linkage, which protects the reactive aldehyde group, would negate the toxicity of aldehyde, and enable to accumulate much amount of retinals. The retinals in chordate eggs are considered to be the precursor of functional retinoids, such as photoreceptive pigment chromophores and retinoic acid, during development. The results of the present research strongly suggest that retinals in the eggs of oviparous chordates are the common and essential mode of retinoid storage.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.121-128
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• 1995

Information about retinal blood vessels can be used in grading disease severity or as part of the process of automated diagnosis of diseases with ocular menifestations. In this paper, we address the problem of detecting retinal blood vessels and optic disk (papilla) in eye-fundus images. We introduce an algorithm for feature extraction based on Fuzzy Clustering algorithm (fuzzy c-means). A method of finding the optic disk (papilla) is proposed in the eye-fundus images. Additionally, the inrormations such as position and area of the optic disk are extracted. The results are compared to those obtained from other methods. The automatic detection of retinal blood vessels and optic disk in the eye-rundus images could help physicians in diagnosing ocular diseases.

• BMB Reports
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• 제42권7호
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• pp.456-461
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• 2009

Proteomic analyses of differentially expressed proteins in rat retinal ganglion cells (RGC-5) following S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), an NO donor, treatment were conducted. Of the approximately 314 protein spots that were detected, 19 were differentially expressed in response to treatment with GSNO. Of these, 14 proteins were up-regulated and 5 were down- regulated. Notably, an increase in GAPDH expression following GSNO treatment was detected in RGC-5 cells through Western blotting as well as proteomics. The increased GAPDH expression in response to GSNO treatment was accompanied by an increase in Herc6 protein, an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Moreover, GSNO treatment resulted in the translocation of GADPH from the cytosol to the nucleus and its subsequent accumulation. These results suggest that NO stress-induced apoptosis may be associated with the nuclear translocation and accumulation of GAPDH in RGC-5 cells.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.140-142
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• 2004

Thirty four dogs presented with generalized progressive retinal atrophy(gPRA) from September 2002 to April 2004 were reviewed to characterize signalments and prevalence rate in Korea. Mean age was 6.3$\pm$2.7 years-old and 59% was less than six years old. The most prevalent breed was Miniature Schnauzer (50%) and the affected mean age was slightly earlier (4.4$\pm$1.1 years-old). However, there was no sex predisposition. Cataract was confirmed in 15 dogs (44%) and 67% was bilateral.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.21-23
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• 2002

인위적 근시에서 측정된 시력을 이론적 계산과 비교하였다. 계산은 망막에 형성되는 착란원 뿐만 아니라 상의 높이도 포함시켰다. 착란원은 기하광학적 모델에서 계산하였으며, 망각상의 높이는 인위적 근시에서 측정된 굴절력과 시력과의 관계로 계산하였다. 이 결과를 착란원과 망막상 높이의 비로서 망막상비를 정의하여 시력크기에 대한 망막상비의 관계를 조사하였다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.324-328
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• 2013

A 5-year-old intact male Yorkshire terrier dog was referred with a 1-week history of blindness. In both eyes, menace responses and pupillary light reflexes were absent. The indirect ophthalmoloscopy revealed multiple small gray-white and discoloration lesion in mid-nontapetum area in both eyes. Electroretinograms showed diminished amplitude of a- and b-waves. Multifocal serous retinal detachments were detected with optical coherence tomography (OCT) over the small gray-white and discoloration lesion in the fundus. After one week of treatments, the indirect ophthalmoloscopy showed that irregular patches and hyperpigmentation in the center of hyperreflectivity area. Reattachment and retinal thinning were observed by the OCT. The results indicate that OCT scanning is considered to be a useful method for retinal evaluation in dogs with chorioretinitis.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.136-140
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• 2016

Eph receptors and their ligands, ephrins, mediate cell-to-cell contacts in a specific brain region and their bidirectional signaling is implicated in the regulation of apoptosis during early brain development. In this report, we used the alpha(${\alpha}$)-Cre transgenic line to induce ephrin-A5 over-expression in the distal region of the neural retina. Using this double transgenic embryo, we show that the over-expression of ephrin-A5 was responsible for inducing massive apoptosis in both the nasal and temporal retinas. In addition, the number of differentiated retinal neurons with the exception of the bipolar neuron was significantly reduced, whereas the laminar organization of the mature retina remained intact. Consistent with this finding, an analysis of the mature retina revealed that the size of the whole retina-particularly the nasal and temporal regions-is markedly reduced. These results strongly suggest that the level of ephrin-A5 expression plays a role in the regulation of the size of the retinal progenitor pool in the neural retina.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.215-225
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• 2001

This study presented the results of ophthalmic examinations performed on 545 Korean Jindo dogs. The most prevalent ocular variation within normal limits was hyoid vessel remnant (12.7%) and prominence of lens suture was also noticed (1.7%). The most common ocular diseases were retinal scars (6.8%), focal cataract (4.6%) and persistent pupillary membrane (4.2%). Inherited ocular diseases found in this study were persistent pupillary membrane (4.2%), persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (0.6%), retinal dysplasia (0.6%), entropion (0.4%) and progressive retinal atrophy (0.4%). The prevalence of ocular diseases was higher in Male than in Female and proportionately higher in the older dogs. The most prevalence was shown in white coat color dogs. The fundus color changes according to the age was not related in coat colors and shown same pattern.