• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.91-105
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• 2001

Wholesale club is one of the fastest expanding retailer formats. Given its key features such as limited assortment and no promotion policy, the current paper provides a theory on why the wholesale clubs charge their members fixed annual fees. In a competitive setting with supermarkets, the proposed model demonstrates that the membership fee is the optimal reaction of wholesale clubs to supermarkets" sales promotion. More specifically, the positive amount of annual fee is only justified under the condition that there exists consumer heterogeneity in consumption rate and when the supermarket exercises price promotion on the product that the wholesale club carries. This paper describes the competition in a stylized fashion and derives the optimal membership fee under a scenario where retail promotion is present. This study is valuable in that it offers a different explanation on wholesale club membership fee than conventional wisdoms such as cost sharing and that it provides insights to the managers who consider no-fee format.

• Fashion, Industry and Education
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.53-63
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• 2017

The growing significance of corporate social responsibility in the fashion industry has shed light on the importance of preparing fashion students to become socially responsible professionals. In spite of numerous benefits of service-learning, the teaching/learning method has been rarely employed in the fashion design and merchandising context. Therefore, the purpose of the study was first, to examine the concept and models of service-learning and compare different types of service-learning programs, and second, to discuss service-learning projects that were adopted in a visual design class as examples that service-learning can be effectively integrated into the fashion design and merchandising curriculum. This study provides the opportunity to share successful service-learning implementation with other educators to help with effective incorporation of the pedagogical program into the curriculum.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.170-187
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• 2010

This paper is to analyze the effect of demographic factors on children' wear buying pattern, media and information utilization, and design preference. A total of 355 usable data was collected from house wives in three metropolitan cities(Seoul, Daejon, Bundang) in Korea. Correlation analysis showed that there were statistically significant correlation between demographic factors and clothing buying behavior, information utilization, and design preference. Also, Regression results showed that 8 Demographic Factors are significant predictors. The results with ANOVA showed that there were significant relationships between PURCHASE OCCASION and DISPLAY INFORMATION UTILIZATION, and showed that there were significant relationships (F=28.625, p=<.001) between PURCHASE MOTIVATION and SALES PERSON ADVICES UTILIZATION. Thus, both visuality and friendliness of service were affected by consumers. Considering the increasing importance of service quality in the retail VMD, sale promotion should be enhanced and sale person is needed to be trained to be friendly to all consumers regardless of product composition

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.55-77
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• 2005

Recently the environment which besieges distribution system is changing suddenly. With opening the distribution market together the advanced various nations new multinational discount stores are introduced and the competition from this market is growing in intensity. Like this change is raising the recognition of the enterprises against the strategy importance of the distribution channel. Consequently, from under competing which is deepened from the hazard where the discount point industry exists what, it will not be able to do the customer-oriented management which it sees. To lead a customer satisfaction finally and it is important to put out. As only low price standing sale it will not be able to create a competitive advantage and raising the quality also it is demanded with the diversification of product assortment together. It does a customer loyalty degree further firmly and compared to the long-range strategy is necessary.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.10-22
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• 2019

Eco-design is an environmental key point since consumers' consumption behaviors have huge impacts on the environment. The objective of this study was to investigate the various responses between Chinese and Korean consumers and to look into the effects that consumers' environmental awareness have on eco-design clothing product purchase, usage and disposal. The study comprised of literature review and empirical research conducted through on line survey (www .sojump.com) from 5-20th Jan 2019. 200 Chinese respondents and 200 Korean respondents were collected and structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the research hypotheses. The results suggested that consumers' environmental awareness positively influenced their three ecological dimensions about consumption. In addition, the positive relationship was also influenced by respondents' nationality. These results suggest that consumers' environmental awareness is an important responsibilities and could become more important retail mix for clothing marketers. Findings would also enable environmental organizations to understand eco behavior and to design appropriate strategic decisions to appeal eco-summers. Other findings and implications were also discussed.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.55-67
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• 2015

Despite the well-known predictive power of Dirichlet model on customer loyalty, deviations of share of category requirement (SCR) predicted by Dirichlet model from actual SCR have been repeatedly reported. It has been shown that these deviations can be systematically explained by some factors such as brand's market share, product positioning strategy, purchase volume and retail marketing mix strategies. Presuming that brand equity would be additional sources of these deviations, current study assesses the incremental predictive power of brand equity by using over 4,000 brand-level observations for the consumer packaged goods industry in the U.S. Our model estimations indicate that brands that exhibit higher brand equity enjoy excess loyalty, with the primary driver being volume premium, rather than price premium. Overall, our findings support the notion that idiosyncratic brand properties can explain excess behavioral loyalty, a notion that is in stark contrast with the Dirichlet view of the world: brand equity does not exist.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.130-143
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• 2012

Franchise store retailing is taking on ever greater roles in business and commerce in China. The diverse product range, small-batch order, high frequency and time-specific requirements inherent in retail logistics make it the most complicated of all categories of logistics. In franchise store retailing, expanding business scales make trans-regional development a trend. Without a well-functioning logistic system, the standardized delivery of products would be held back, impacting trans-regional development strategy and operational costs. Therefore, the efficiency of franchise store retailing largely depends on logistical efficiency. The integrated and streamlined management of franchise stores depends in large measure on their logistical centers. As such, logistical centers constitute the key link and bears on core competitiveness in franchise store retailing. This thesis begins with an analysis of the current developments and four basic logistical models of franchise store retailing in China, proceeds to summarize developmental trends as well as focal issues and proposes an efficiency enhancing plan.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.407-413
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• 2019

This editorial on 'Smart Services and Internet of Things (IoT)' focuses on the topics related to the applications of IoT to consumer products and services, which have become 'smarter' thanks to IoT. This special issue explores, in different ways, the phenomena of smart services and the role of IoT in business innovation across different contexts such as product-service system, car auction, tourism industry, communicating platform, online travel agency, self-service retail, and bike sharing. We hope that this special issue will provide a significant step forward in enabling researchers and practitioners to understand smart services and IoT.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.156-162
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• 2020

This study was conducted to analyze the current management status of green tea processors in two regions (Hadong-gun and Boseong-gun) in Korea and to suggest directions for the development of the green tea industry based on an understanding their difficulties in management. This study showed that the number of green tea farms and the cultivation area had decreased, while the average unit sales price of green tea in Boseong-gun was approximately three times higher than that in Hadong-gun. Also, this study found that Hadong-gun mainly provided green tea products to wholesalers, whereas Boseong-gun sold it directly to the local retail stores targeting tourists, and this results in generating relatively higher unit prices. Meanwhile, we discovered that both regions had difficulties in management which were caused by the demand for low delivery unit costs from large corporations and small food companies. Therefore, in order to develop the green tea industry in both regions, the size of green tea fields and the scenery satisfaction should be improved to draw more tourists and boost tourists' intention to revisit. In addition, it is necessary to enhance guidance and accessibility of related tourist sites, to expand green tea experience activities, and to improve product satisfaction by developing various goods. By inducing more tourists in these ways, it could change the sales type of green tea from wholesale to retail and help activate the management of green tea processors.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.47-56
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• 2018

Purpose - The potential use of cryptocurrencies in a retail environment proposes a rapid shift from the traditional financial system. Nakamoto(2008) defines Bitcoin as an open source alt-coin based on the blockchain technology. Luther(2016) insists that the new technology will be widely adopted for the digital payment processes. However, the use of Bitcoin is in the real world is still sparse. Despite the growing attention and purported benefits, it is doubtful whether the Bitcoin will be eagerly accepted by ordinary consumers in the mainstream market. To answer this question, this paper develops a causal model that has a dual path to explain the motivation to adopt Bitcoin. According to Glaser, Zimmermann, Haferkorn, Weber, and Siering(2014), Bitcoin is both an asset and a currency at the same time. In summary, the attitude towards Bitcoin may vary depending on whether the fin-tech product is viewed as an asset or as a currency. Based on the arguments, we propose that asset attitude and currency attitude will give influence to consumers' intention to adopt Bitcoin. Research design, data, and methodology - Quantitative data collection is conducted from a Bitcoin SIG(special interest group) working in an internet community. As a result, 192 respondents who know Bitcoin completed the survey. To analyze the causal relations in the research model, PLS-SEM(partial least squares structural equation modeling) method is used. Also, reliability and validity of measures are tested by performing Cronbach's alpha test, Fornell-Larcker test and confirmatory factor test. Results - Our test results show that every hypothesis is supported except the influence of perceived ease of use. In addition, we find that the relationships between constructs are different between the high innovative group and low innovative group. Conclusions - We provide evidence that asset attitude and currency attitude are key antecedents of Bitcoin adoption.