• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2019.11a
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• pp.139-140
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• 2019

In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of the effects of resuscitation after the re-application of mortar with much FA replacement on the degree of resuscitation. Results When NaOH was applied to the top of the mortar where 90% of FA was replaced, and maintained for 24 hours, the degree of resuscitation at $40^{\circ}C$ was completely improved. However, when medium curing was carried out, it showed a higher degree of compression than water or lapping curing at 10 MPa in 28 days. The degree of resuscitation on the 28th day was revived from around 10% of the normal level to about 20~30%, and it was analyzed that it was difficult to achieve the OPC reduction by any method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2019.11a
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• pp.141-142
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• 2019

In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of the effects of retention time and resuscitation method on the degree of resuscitation after reapplying mortar with much FA replacement. Results After applying NaOH to the top surface of 60 % FA-substituted mortar, the degree of resuscitation at $40^{\circ}C$ was high enough to increase the overall curing time, but there was no significant difference. However, with regard to the curing method, middle curing showed the greatest manifestation, followed by wrapping and underwater curing, but there was no significant difference. The resuscitation level on the 28th of the lumber was found to be revived to about 70~80 % at around 30 % without resuscitation.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.289-295
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• 2019

This study was conducted to present effective CPR by identifying the usefulness of Pad Attachment Glove. The study subjects and data collection were conducted from 1 April 2019 to 30 April on Paramedic students of G university located in G-wide city and analyzed using the SPSS/Win 23.0. The study found that the chest compressions after wearing pad attachment gloves were higher in the areas of Chest Compressions total score, Number of chest compressions, chest recoil rate, hand position accuracy, CPR velocity than before wearing them. It was understood that pad attachment gloves improved the quality of chest compressions more than Hands-Only CPR. This will be used as a basic material for cardiopulmonary resuscitation education in the future, and is believed to contribute to devising a practical program.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.118-128
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• 2011

Purpose: This research is based on experiments practiced with 6th grade students in primary school as subjects. They were trained in basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation theory and received actual training in CPR. Methods: The subjects were randomly sorted into two classes of the 6th grade students. The experimental group was composed of 35 students. The control group was composed of 32. The experimental group received basic CPR theoretical and practical education once and received a practical evaluation three times, with 4 weeks in between evaluations. The control group received CPR theoretical education before the study. The data was analyzed by ${\chi}^2$-test and t-test using the SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. Results: Hypothesis 1 was that the basic CPR knowledge score would begin to decrease right after the education and continue to decrease as time passed. The experimental group's knowledge score continued to increase 12 weeks after education, but there was no decrease in the control group's knowledge score (F=5.870, p=.000). Hypothesis 2 was that the basic CPR attitude score would decrease right after the education and continue as time passed. There was no significant difference in the experimental group's score after education, nor was there any change in the control group's score on this measure (F=3.986, p=.004). Hypothesis 3 was that the subjects' confidence in practicing CPR would decrease right after education and continue as time passed. There was a significant decrease in the experimental group's score, but no significant change in the control group's score on this measure (F=75.574, p=.000). Hypothesis 4 was that the practical accomplishment evaluation score of CPR would decrease as time passed. There was a significant decrease in the experimental group's score on this measure right after education (F=38.368, p=000). Conclusion: Retraining for basic CPR education will be needed in all aspects of the education/training at least every 4 weeks, to preserve the students' retention of learned material/training. This is because students' scores fell significantly four weeks after education/training.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.433-440
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• 2019

Offshore working environments such as ships, offshore oil and gas plants, and offshore wind turbines are isolated and directly exposed to rough seas, which pose high risks of safety accidents. Therefore, all workers in offshore plants should be able to cope with emergency situations and must be qualified according to relevant laws and regulations such as the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW Convention) and Offshore Petroleum Industry Training Organization (OPITO) standards. In particular, marine workers should be able to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in isolated locations or enclosed and confined spaces such as those in life-boats, life-rafts, rescue-boats, etc. Because the floor material is made of rubber, it may be difficult to perform chest compressions in life-rafts used to escape from emergency situations in ships or offshore plants. Chest compressions performed on life-rafts may reduce the accuracy of CPR and increase fatigue for those providing aid. To measure the accuracy and fatigue of those performing CPR in life-rafts, 15 experimenters with more than five years of experience as first aid instructors were exposed to different CPR environments in a marine safety training center equipped with an artificial wave generator. The results showed that the accuracy of CPR in the classroom was 99.6 %, but that in various life-raft environments was only 84 %. T-verification of the two sites confirmed the reduced accuracy of CPR performed on life-rafts. CPR on life-rafts should be performed in groups of two and with the use of automated chest compression devices.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.209-233
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether or not to recover the spontaneous circulation of patients with cardiac arrest before arrival in the emergency room for 5 years (2012 to 2016), and try to investigate the factors affecting this. In this research, we used the "raw material for acute cardiac arrest survey" conducted in "Disease management headquarters" from 2012 to 2016 for the whole country of our country as the main material. In this study, 136,212 cardiac arrest patients were analyzed in the study data of the cardiac arrest in the country during the 5 years from 2012 to 2016. We performed a Chi-square analysis to analyze the recovery of spontaneous circulation before arrival in the emergency room according to general characteristics, social·demographic characteristics, and developmental characteristics. and We performed a Binary logistic regression analysis to determine the factors affecting the recovery of spontaneous circulation. The analysis results of this study show that whether CPR sustained transport before endoplasmic reticulum arrival, whether to witness an acute cardiac arrest before arrival in the emergency room, the type of general cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the location of acute cardiac arrest, the acute heart Causes of stoppage cause factor of whether spontaneous circulation recovery recovers before arrival of the endoplasmic reticulum(P<0.001, P<0.01). Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen systematic government health policy implementation and dissemination and health education focusing on factors that affect recovery of spontaneous circulation of cardiac arrest patients.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.827-836
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• 1998

Background: Effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) should provide acceptable hemodynamics for the vital organs during cardiac arrest and early restoration of spontaneous circulation that guarantees long-term, neurologically intact survival. CPR using heart-lung bypass has been suggested as an option for that use. This study was designed to determine the effectiveness of standard CPR techniques, closed-vs. open-chest CPR, which could be used in the future study verifying the role of heart-lung bypass CPR. Material and Method: By using adult mongrel dogs, closed-chest CPR (CCCPR, n=4) and open-chest CPR (OCCPR, n=5) were compared with respects to hemodynamics, restoration of spontaneous circulation(ROSC), and survival. Ventricular fibrillation-cardiac arrest (VF-CA) was induced by electrical shock in all animals. After 4 minutes of cardiac arrest, basic life support (BLS) was applied for 15 minutes and followed by advanced life support (ALS). ALS was maintained until achi ving ROSC but not longer than 30 minutes regardless of the recovery. Resuscitation procedures in either group were standardized by adopting the protocol of American Heart Association. Result: Prearrest baseline hemodynamic data was not different between two groups. During resuscitation, substantially higher systolic pressure was maintained in OCCPR group than in CCCPR group (45$\pm$15 vs. 33$\pm$11 mmHg during BLS, 83$\pm$36 vs. 44$\pm$15 mmHg during ALS; p=NS). Mean pulmonary arterial pressure went up to the level of mean systemic arterial pressures in CCCPR group and to half of that in OCCPR group, and had kept higher in CCCPR group throughout CPR (32$\pm$10 vs. 22$\pm$4 mmHg during BLS and 32$\pm$15 vs. 24$\pm$10 mmHg during ALS; p=NS). ROSC was obtained in 4 of 5 dogs receiving open-chest CPR and 2 of 4 closed-chest CPR. Prolonged survival was noted in all dogs in OCCPR group (6 to 1440 hours) but not in CCPR group (p<.05). Conclusion: These findings indicate that open-chest CPR can be more effective t maintain hemodynamics during cardiac arrest and to obtain restoration of spontaneous circulation and survival. Further experiment will be designed to compare heart-lung bypass CPR with open-chest CPR.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.29-40
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• 2009

Objective : This study is an experimental study which is designed to examine the differences between knowledge and self-confidence before and after theory education(CPR PPT material) based on guidelines of CPR and emergency cardiac treatment of American Heart Association(AHA, 2005) and video self-instruction program for the general public by Korean Association of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation(KACPR), trace CPR performance ability after CPR and AED education and investigate the accuracy of artificial respiration and chest compression, and know the difference in CPR performance abilities including AED. Methods : Subjects of this study include ground crews and staffs at M airport in G province equipped with emergency equipments for CPR according to Art. 47, Sec. 2 of Emergency Medical Law, airport police, rent-a-cops, security guard, quarantine officer, custom officer, and communication, electricity, civil engineering, facility management staff, airport fire fighting staff, air mechanic, traffic controller, and airport management team among airport facility management staffs. They were given explanation of necessity of research and 147 of 220 subjects who gave consent to this research but 73 who were absent from survey were excluded were used as subjects of this study. of 147 subjects, there were 102 men and 45 women. Results : 1) Knowledge score of CPR was $6.18{\pm}0.87$ before instruction and it was increased to $15.12{\pm}1.78$ after instruction, and there was statistically significant difference. 2) Self-confidence score in CPR was $3.16{\pm}0.96$ before instruction and it was increased to $7.05{\pm}0.75$ after instruction, and there was statistically significant difference. 3) Total average score in CPR performance ability after instruction was 7.46 out of 9, performance ability was highest in confirmation of response as 144(97.95%), follwed by request of help as 140(95.25%) and confirmation of respiration as 135(91.83%), and lowest in performing artificial respiration twice(gross elevation of chest) as 97(65.98%). Accuracy of artificial respiration(%) was $28.60{\pm}16.88$ and that of chest compression(%) was $73.10{\pm}22.16$. 4) Performance ability of AED after instruction showed proper performance in power on by 141(95.91%) and attaching pad by 135(91.83%), hand-off for analyzing rhythm showed 'accuracy' in 115(78.23%) and 'non-performance' in 32(21.77%), delivery of shock and hand-off confirmation showed 'accuracy' in 109(74.14%) and 'inaccuracy' in 38(25.86%), and beginning chest compression immediately after AED was done by 105(71.42%).

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1147-1158
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• 1998

Background: Portable cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) technique has been used increasingly as a potent and effective option for emergency cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) because it can maintain more stable hemodynamics and provide better survival than conventional CPR techniques. This study was designed to develop a prototype of Korean portable CPB system and, by applying it to CPR, to discriminate whether it would be superior to standard open-chest CPR. Material and Method: By using adult mongrel dogs, open-chest CPR(OCPR group, n=4) and portable-CPB CPR(CPB group, n=4) were compared with respects to restoration of spontaneous circulation(ROSC), hemodynamics, effects on blood cells, blood gas patterns, biochemical markers, and survivals. Ventricular fibrillation-cardiac arrest(VF-CA) of arrest(VF-CA) of 4 minutes followed by basic life support(BLS) of 15 minutes was applied in either group, which was standardized by the protocol of American Heart Association. Then, advanced life support(ALS) was applied to either group under the support of internal cardiac massage or CPB. ALS was maintained until ROSC was achieved but not longer than 30 minutes regardless of the presence of ROSC. All of the measured values were expressed as means±SD percent change from baseline. Result: During the early ALS, higher mean arterial pressure was maintained in CPB group than in OCPR group(90±19 vs. 71±32 %; p<.05) and lower mean pulmonary arterial pressure was also maintained in CPB group than in OCPR group(105±24 vs. 146±6%; p<.05). ROSC was achieved in all dogs. Post-ROSC levels of hematocrit, RBC, and platelet were decreased and plasma free hemoglobin was increased significantly in CPB group compared to OCPR group(p<.05). Changes in blood gas patterns, lactate, and CK-MB levels were not different between groups. Early mortality was seen in 3 dogs in OCPR group(survival time 31±36 hours) and 2 in CPB group(228±153 hours, p=ns). The remainders in both groups showed prolonged survival. Conclusion: These findings indicate that portable CPB can be effective to maintain stable hemodynamics during cardiac arrest, to achieve ROSC and to prolong survival. Further study is needed to refine the portable CPB system and to meet clinical challenges.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.733-740
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• 2010

This study was carried out examine the difference in the quality of CPR between knee protection and no knee protection when CPR is performed with mannequin on the floor covered with laminated paper. Subjects of the research were 48 experimental group and 56 control group who were college students in G province and U metropolitan city and completed AHA BLS Provider Course from Apr. 20 to Nov. 15, 2009. This study made knee pad(material: polyester 100%, thickness: 2.5cm, width 16cm${\times}$length 17cm) to protect knee for experimental treatment and measurement of CPR quality was connected with Resusci Anne(Leardal, Norway) mannequin and the results of CPR were recorded with Resusci Anne $Skillreporter^{TM}$(Leardal, Norway). Collected data were analyzed by SPSS/PC+(version 14.0). In conclusion, knee protection in CPR on the floor covered with laminated paper showed higher quality of CPR than that of no knee protection regardless of sex, height and weight.