• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.1350-1357
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• 2017

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate whether the long-lasting, recurrent restricting of sows leads to the physiological and psychological reaction of discomfort. Methods: Sows (Large White) that had experienced restricting for about 0.5 or 3 years and agematched sows kept in a group housing system (loose sows) were compared. Pupillary light reflex parameters were measured at the weaning stage. Immediately after slaughter, blood samples were taken to measure serum cortisol levels, and the brain was dissected, gene expression in the hippo-campus, frontal cortex and hypothalamus was analyzed. Results: The serum cortisol levels were higher in the confined sows than in the loose sows. The full maturity, but not the young adolescent, confined sows had longer latency time in the onset of pupil constriction than their loose counterparts. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed an increased expression of interleukin 6 mRNA in the hippocampus and decreased expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor mRNA in hippocampus and hypothalamus and to a lesser extent in the frontal cortex of the full maturity confined sows, compared with the full maturity loose sows. Conclusion: Taken together, these data indicated that recurrent restricting stress in full maturity sows leads to the physiological and psychological reaction of discomfort.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2012

Introduction : Suicide in Korea has increased to 31.2 persons per 100,000 population, the world's highest level. Suicide is the 10th leading cause of death in the world, but in Korea, it is 4th leading cause of death. Therefore suicide is a serious problem in Korea. Many suicide prevention strategies have been proposed. Despite efforts to prevent suicides in Korea, a steady increases in the number of suicides has been brought into question the effectiveness of suicide prevention activities in Korea. Methods : Strategy of restricting suicide methods in many countries was reviewed. Systematic approach to restrict suicidal methods in Korea is proposed. Results : Restricting suicide methods is one of the effective suicide prevention strategies employed in the UK and other countries. Since many suicides occur impulsively, suicide attempt lethality is an important factor in determining the rate of deaths in suicidal attempts. Physical restriction of suicide methods is important in preventing suicide, but restriction of cognitive access to information about suicide and suicide method is more important in preventing suicide. In particular hanging is one of the most common methods of suicides in Korea, it is crucial to develop strategies to prevent suicide by hanging cognitively. Also information about suicide should be properly controlled. To do this, suicide news reporting guidelines should be observed, and website makers whose websites provoke thoughts about suicide should be more strictly sanctioned. Conclusion : Restricting suicide methods along with other suicide prevention plans may be the most effective way to prevent suicide in Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.485-493
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to gain basic information to manage the free choice activities of kindergarten by investigating the teachers' perception of restriction rules. The subjects of the study were 200 kindergarten teachers who worked in J province. The instrument used for this study was a questionnaire that focused on teachers' perception about the restriction rules for the free choice activities. The results of this study were as follows. First, the teachers considered restriction rules in the art center as the most important factor. Second, the teachers recognized that limiting the number of players in a same center is the most important thing among the three restriction rules. Third, the teachers' perception regarding the necessity of restriction rules is as follows. The rule of restricting the number of players is needed to prevent too many players focusing in a certain center. The rule of restricting play time is necessary to encourage children to play in various centers, and the rule of restricting play space is crucial to solidify the educational purpose that every interest center has. The meaning and the necessity of the restriction rules on children's free choice activities were further discussed as connected with children's right to play.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.169-175
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• 2011

Stress, a risk factor of major depression induces cytokine mediated inflammation and decreased neurogenesis. In patients with major depression, significant increases of pro-inflammatory cytokines have been consistently reported. The pro-inflammatory cytokines can stimulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis to release glucocorticoids. In the brain, microglia and play a role of immune activation in response to stress. Increased pro-inflammatory cytokine play a role in restricting neurogenesis in the brain. Although neurogenesis may not be essential for the development of depression, it may be required for clinically effective antidepressant treatment. Hence, stimulation of neurogenesis is regarded as a promising strategy for new antidepressant targets. This review introduces changes in neurotransmitter, cytokine and neurogenesis in major depression and explores the possible relationship between pro-inflammatory cytokines and neurogenesis related to stress in major depression.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2016

Ultrafiltration is known to be one of the most commonly applied techniques in water treatment. Membrane fouling is the main limiting factor in terms of process efficiency and restricting it to the manageable degree is crucial. Natural organic matter is often found to be a major foulant in surface waters. Among many known fouling prevention techniques, the membrane chemical cleaning is widely employed. This study focuses on evaluating the cleaning efficiency of polymeric and ceramic membranes with the use of various chemicals. The influence of cleaning agent type and its concentration, membrane material and its MWCO, and cleaning process duration on the recovery of membrane flux was analyzed. Results have shown that, regardless of membrane type and MWCO, the most effective cleaning agent was NaOH.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.71 no.3
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• pp.271-282
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• 2019

The span record of cable-stayed bridges has exceeded 1,000 m, which makes research on the maximum possible span length of cable-stayed bridges an important topic in the engineering community. In this paper, span limit is discussed from two perspectives: the theoretical span limit determined by the strength-to-density ratio of the cable and girder, and the engineering span limit, which depends not only on the strength-to-density ratio of materials but also on the actual loading conditions. Closed form equations of both theoretical and engineering span limits of cable-stayed bridges determined by the cable and girder are derived and a detailed parametric analysis is conducted to assess the engineering span limit under current technical conditions. The results show that the engineering span limit of cable-stayed bridges is about 2,200 m based on materials used available today. The girder is the critical member restricting further increase in the span length; its compressive stress is the limiting factor. Approaches to increasing the engineering span limit are also presented based on the analysis results.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.119-124
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• 2021

Today, both sides of modern culture are decisively invaded by digitalization. Authentication is considered to be one of the main components in keeping this process secure. Cyber criminals are working hard in penetrating through the existing network channels to encounter malicious attacks. When it comes to enterprises, the company's information is a major asset. Question here arises is how to protect the vital information. This takes into account various aspects of a society often termed as hyper connected society including online communication, purchases, regulation of access rights and many more. In this research paper, we will discuss about the concepts of MFA and KBA, i.e., Multi-Factor Authentication and Knowledge Based Authentication. The purpose of MFA and KBA its utilization for human.to.everything..interactions, offering easy to be used and secured validation mechanism while having access to the service. In the research, we will also explore the existing yet evolving factor providers (sensors) used for authenticating a user. This is an important tool to protect data from malicious insiders and outsiders. Access Management main goal is to provide authorized users the right to use a service also preventing access to illegal users. Multiple techniques can be implemented to ensure access management. In this paper, we will discuss various techniques to ensure access management suitable for enterprises, primarily focusing/restricting our discussion to multifactor authentication. We will also highlight the role of knowledge-based authentication in multi factor authentication and how it can make enterprises data more secure from Cyber Attack. Lastly, we will also discuss about the future of MFA and KBA.

• BMB Reports
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.186-193
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• 2002

The acid-bible subunit (ALS) associates with the insulinlike growth factor (IGF)-I or II, and the IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) in order to form a 150-kD complex in the circulation. This complex may regulate the serum IGFs by restricting them in the vascular system and promoting their endocrine actions. Little is known about how ALS binds to IGFBP3, which connects the IGFs to ALS. Xenopus oocyte was utilized to study the function of ALS in assembling IGFs into the ternary complexes. Xenopus oocyte was shown to correctly translate in vitro transcribed mRNAs of ALS and IGFBP3. IGFBP3 and ALS mRNAs were injected in a mixture, and their products were immunoprecipitated by antisera against ALS and IGFBP3. Contrary to traditional reports that ALS interacts only with IGF-bound IGFBP3, this study shows that ALS is capable of forming a binary complex with IGFBP3 in the absence of IGF When cross-linked by disuccinimidyl suberate, the band that represents the ALS-IGFBP3 complex was evident on the PAGE. IGFBP3 movement was monitored according to the distribution between the hemispheres. Following a localized translation in the vegetal hemisphere, IGFBP3 remained in the vegetal half in the presence of ALS. However, the mutant IGFBP3 freely diffused into the animal half, despite the presence of ALS, which is different from the wild type IGFBP3. This study, therefore, suggests that ALS may play an important role in sequestering IGFBP3 polypeptides via the intermolecular aggregation. Studies using this heterologous model will lead to a better understanding of the IGFBP3 and ALS that assemble into the ternary structure and circulate the IGF system.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.609-618
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to explore gender differences in elderly's dating experience and related variables. 427 elderly of age 65 or older participated. The results are as follows. 1. 80% of widowed elderly had no dating experience, and far more elderly men than women had dating experience. 2. Attitudes towards dating, of both elderly themselves and their children, had influence on the elderly's dating experience, regardless of gender. This indicates that the elderly's own acceptance and their children's positive attitude are important to the elderly's dating experience. 3. Gender differences were found in influences of living arrangement (whether they lived with their children or not), economical reasons, and personality factors. These variables proved significant only for the elderly men. More elderly men who did not live with their children than the elderly men who did had experienced dating, and economical reasons along with personality factors proved to be obstructive for elderly men's dating life.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.101-118
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• 2018

In case of conventional shallow-draft semisubmersibles, unacceptably large riser stroke was the restricting factor for dry-tree-riser-semisubmersible development. Many attempts to address this issue have focused on using larger draft and size with extra heave-damping plates, which results in a huge cost increase. The objective of this paper is to investigate an alternative solution by improving riser systems through the implementation of a magneto-rheological damper (MR Damper) so that it can be used with moderate-size/draft semisubmersibles. In this regard, MR-damper riser systems and connections are numerically modeled so that they can couple with hull-mooring time-domain simulations. The simulation results show that the moderate-size semisubmersible with MR damper system can be used with conventional dry-tree pneumatic tensioners by effectively reducing stroke-distance even in the most severe (1000-yr) storm environments. Furthermore, the damping level of the MR damper can be controlled to best fit target cases by changing input electric currents. The reduction in stroke allows smaller topside deck spacing, which in turn leads to smaller deck and hull. As the penalty of reducing riser stroke by MR damper, the force on the MR-damper can significantly be increased, which requires applying optimal electric currents.