• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.19-30
• /
• 2018

The school classroom is a common living place where students spend 7 to 14 hours a day to prepare for their careers. Therefore, if the ventilation of the classroom is not properly performed, it may lead to the deterioration of learning ability due to the unclear air. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the classroom is reported to be high, and the increase in carbon dioxide concentration has a negative effect on the learner's academic performance. In this context, the purpose of this study is to propose a methodology for intelligent and responsive window opening-closing operation process that can reduce the concentration of $CO_2$ in the classroom in order to build a support space that can create an effective teaching-learning environment for adolescents. The specific objectives are as follows. First of all, we define the concept of window opening-closing operation. Secondly, twe develop the operation process of window opening-closing. Thirdly, we develop an algorithm for real-time window opening and closing (process) (Window Opening-Closing Operation Process). Finally, we verify the intelligent responsive window opening-closing operation process through developing examples of window opening-closing operation process using the parametric design program. This study is a preliminary study to develop algorithms necessary for window opening-closing operation. Based on the first-order algorithm, We simulated window opening-closing operations according to a hypothetical scenario. As a result, This study can show that the window is open and close depending on the $CO_2$ concentration, but the $CO_2$ concentration in the room is higher than outdoors. Consequentially, we suggest that it is necessary to develop an algorithm to supplement these results because window is often not working when the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor in winter is large.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.58-63
• /
• 2003

Ginseng has been recommended to alleviate the menopausal symptoms, which indicates that components of ginseng very likely contain estrogenic activity. We have examined the possibility that a component of Panax ginseng, $ginsenoside-R_{b1}$ acts by binding to estrogen receptor. We have investigated the estrogenic activity of $ginsenoside-R_{b1}$ in a transient transfection system using estrogen-responsive luciferase plasmids in MCF-7 cells. $ginsenoside-R_{b1}$ activated the transcription of the estrogen-responsive luciferase reporter gene in MCF-7 breast cancer cells at a concentration of 50 $\mu$M. Activation was inhibited by the specific estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182,780, indicating that the estrogenic effect of $ginsenoside-R_{b1}$ is estrogen receptor dependent. Next, we evaluated the ability of $ginsenoside-R_{b1}$ to induce the estrogen-responsive gene c-fos by semi-quantitative RT-PCR assays and Western analyses. $ginsenoside-R_{b1}$ increased c-fos both at mRNA and protein levels. However, $ginsenoside-R_{b1}$ failed to activate the glucocorticoid receptor, the retinoic acid receptor, or the androgen receptor in CV-1 cells transiently transfected with the corresponding steroid hormone receptors and hormone responsive reporter plasmids. These data support our hypothesis that $ginsenoside-R_{b1}$ acts a weak phytoestrogen, presumably by binding and activating the estrogen receptor.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.39-47
• /
• 2011

Purpose: This study was done to determine whether a parenting education program using responsive teaching strategies is effective for parenting stress, maternal interactional behavior and behavioral problems in children at risk for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Methods: Participants in this study were 17 elementary school children and their parents. The ADHD risk group was determined by scores on the Korean-ADHD Rating Scale. The parenting education program was developed based on Dr. Mahoney's responsive teaching curriculum. Mothers participated in the program once a week for 8 sessions. Treatment outcome was evaluated using the Korean version of the Child Behavior CheckList (K-CBCL), parenting stress, maternal interactional behavior, and child pivotal developmental behavior. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed rank test, Mann-Whitney test, and regression analysis. Results: After the parenting education program, no significant difference in parenting stress (Z=-1.00, p=.320) was found, but there was a significant decrease in the child's internal behavior problems (Z=-2.05, p=.040), and also a significant improvement in maternal interactional behavior and a significant difference in child pivotal developmental behavior (Z=-2.67, p=.008). Conclusion: The results indicate that parenting education programs based on responsive teaching strategies are effective and that application of a program is recommended to prevent behavioral problems and improve maternal child interaction for children at risk for ADHD.

• Macromolecular Research
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.9-13
• /
• 2003

Poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) samples were implanted by using high energy (MeV)F$^{2+}$ and Cl$^{2+}$ ions. We observed that AC dielectric constant of the ion-implanted PVDF samples decreased from 10.5 to 2.5 at 1 kHz as the ion dosage increased from 10$^{11}$ to 3 $\times$ 10$^{14}$ ions/$\textrm{cm}^2$. From differential scanning calorimetry experiments, we observed that PVDF samples become more disordered state through the ion implantation. The decrease of the number of bonding of C-H and C-F and the increase of unsaturated bonding were observed from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy experiments. The emission of HF and H$_2$ molecules during the ion implantation was detected by residual gas analyzer spectrum. Based upon the results, we analyzed that the low AC dielectric constant of the MeV ion-implanted PVDF samples originated from the reduction of polarization due to the structural change of the CF$_2$ molecules in the MeV ion-implanted PVDF samples.les.

• Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.239-244
• /
• 2000

The cats gene encodes the major catalase in Sreptomyces coelicolor, whose production increases upon H$_2$O$_2$treatment. Besides the previously identified primary promoter (catApl), a minor promoter (catAp2) was newly assigned by S1 nuclease mapping. The catAp2 transcript was observed transiently upon entry into the stationary phase in liquid culture and upon differentiation on solid plates, whereas the level of catApl transcription did not chance significantly during this growth transition. ThecatApl promoter was transcribed by the major vegetative RNA polymerase holoenzyme containing $\sigma$$\^$HrdB/, whereas the catAp2 was transcribed in vitro by the holoenzyme containing $\sigma$$\^$R/ that is activated under oxidative conditions. The cia-element regulating the H$_2$O$_2$-inducibility of catApl was identified within the 23 bp inverted repeat sequence located between -65 and -43 of the catApl promoter. We roamed this sequence HRE (H$_2$O$_2$-responsive Element). The distal half of the inverted repeat was more crucial for H$_2$O$_2$-dependent induction of the catApl transcript than the proximal half. HRE most likely serves as a binding site for the H$_2$O$_2$-responsive repressor CatR.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.161-166
• /
• 1997

HIV-1 Rev protein plays an important role in regulating the expression of viral structural proteins. It allows the nuclear export and accumulation of unspliced and partially spliced viral mRNA in the cytoplasm. The Rev-responsive element RNA, present in the env gene, forms a higly ordered RNA secondary structure and is required for the Rev-mediated mRNA export. For this process to complete factor(s) are strongly suggested. From our experiments of electrophoretic mobility shift, UV-crosslinking and SDS/PAGE, RRE RNA was found to be recognized to several nuclear factors such as 36/37, 56, 41. 76, 150 kD proteins in the order of reactivity. Among them, 36/37 and 56 kD proteins are more reactive upon a brief UV treatment (5 min) and more persistent in the presence of high amount of nonspecific competitor, heparin. Certain nuclear protein9s) seemed to recognize the RRE RNA structure in competition with Rev to gel mobility shift assay.

• Polymer(Korea)
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.421-426
• /
• 2008

pH-responsive P(MAA-co-EGMA) hydrogel microparticles were synthesized via dispersion photo polymerization and the feasibility of the particles as the cosmetic formulation was investigated. Rh-B and the functional materials for the cosmetic application such as ascorbic acid, adenosine, EGCG, and arbutin were loaded in the P (MAA-co-EGMA) hydrogel microparticles in order to examine the interaction between the hydrogel and the loaded materials. In the loading experiments, Rh-B showed the highest loading efficiency to the P(MAA-co-EGMA) hydrogels due to the electrostatic attraction between the negative charge of the hydrogels and the positive charge of Rh-B at the ionized states. However, the functional materials showed relatively low loading efficiencies because of the electrostatic repulsions between the negative charges of both the hydrogels and the materials at the ionized states. In addition, P(MAA-co-EGMA) hydrogel microparticles showed pH-responsive release behavior of Rh-B according to the external pH changes.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.257-270
• /
• 2019

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been widely used in a variety of applications in innovative development; consequently, people are more exposed to this particle. Growing concern about toxicity from AgNP exposure has attracted greater attention, while questions about nanosilver-responsive genes and consequences for human health remain unanswered. By considering early detection and prevention of nanotoxicology at the genetic level, this study aimed to identify 1) changes in gene expression levels that could be potential indicators for AgNP toxicity and 2) morphological phenotypes correlating to toxicity of HepG2 cells. To detect possible nanosilver-responsive genes in xenogenic targeted organs, a comprehensive systematic literature review of changes in gene expression in HepG2 cells after AgNP exposure and in silico method, connection up- and down-regulation expression analysis of microarrays (CU-DREAM), were performed. In addition, cells were extracted and processed for transmission electron microscopy to examine ultrastructural alterations. From the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) Series database, we selected genes that were up- and down-regulated in AgNPs, but not up- and down-regulated in silver ion exposed cells, as nanosilver-responsive genes. HepG2 cells in the AgNP-treated group showed distinct ultrastructural alterations. Our results suggested potential representative gene data after AgNPs exposure provide insight into assessment and prediction of toxicity from nanosilver exposure.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.63 no.2
• /
• pp.123-133
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of responsive teaching method for pre-service teachers in Chemistry Education Department of H University. We designed three steps for the discussions: foregrounding the substance of learners' ideas, recognizing the disciplinary connections within learners' ideas, taking up and pursing the substance of thinking. In the step of foregrounding the substance of learners' ideas, we analyzed the questionnaires conducted by the 20 pre-service teachers to understand the nature of their ideas about evaporation and boiling. Among them, five pre-service teachers were selected to recognize the disciplinary connections within learners' ideas. Through these steps, the pre-service teachers have grasped the nature of their thinking about evaporation and boiling, and have experienced the process of modifying or expanding the frames of thought by the disciplinary connections within learners' ideas. In addition, the pre-service teachers directly perceived the effect of the responsive teaching method by experiencing dynamic changes of their conceptions.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.16 no.11
• /
• pp.465-470
• /
• 2018

This study investigated how layouts can be arranged to improve the user experience in response to changes in the size of responsive webs in a multi - device environment. The layout elements of the responsive web are largely divided into a header, a main concept image, a main content, a sub-content, and a footer. As the screen becomes smaller, the use of drawers and the menu of the scrolling menus rather than the vertical menus will help improve the user experience. The main concept image should be consistent and not lose readability through the use of system fonts. The main content and the sub content should be prevented from being long in the vertical scroll, and the card UI, the table list and the grid list could be alternatively presented for this purpose. Another problem with vertical scrolling is that the placement of user-selectable menus, such as more or new content corrections, is helpful in improving the user experience.