• 음성과학
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.159-170
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to find out the ability of coordination of the articulatory motor and the ability of control of the respiration and laryngeal for spastic dysarthria by acoustic analysis. The sustained of vowel /a/ and repetition of syllable /pa/ in 15 normal and 10 spastic dysarthria were measured. Multi-Speech, MDVP, and MSP were used for data recording and analysis. As a result, the mean DDK rate in the spastic group was significantly slower than in the normal. The maximum phonation time in the spastic group ($4.80{\pm}1.94$) was shorter than in the normal ($11.20{\pm}3.72$). The DDKjit in the spastic group was significantly higher than in the normal. The DDKsla was reduced in the spastic group. The mean syllable duration in the spastic group (146.2ms) was significantly longer than in the normal (75.8ms). The mean energy was reduced in the spastic group. The range of Fo was greater than in the normal. The frequency perturbation (jitter, vFo) and amplitude perturbation (shimmer, vAm) were higher than in the normal group. The NHR was higher than in the normal group. The parameters of this were significantly difference between the spastic dysarthria and the normal (p<0.05). Finally, the spastic dysarthria has short respiration, slow speech rate, and voice quality problem. The these results will help to establish a plan and the intervention of treatment.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.861-862
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• 2008

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.37-38
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• 1977

Since 1972 a series of experiments were conducted to reveal physiological function and biological activities involved in rooting of mulberry cuttings, and the behaviour of ether extractable growth control substances in leaves and stens. Measurements were made on various mulberry varieties for respiration of cuttings, suitable size for the production of cuttings, change of rootability of cuttings with growth of cutting shoots after cutting date, rooting tests on the green beans with ether leaf extract and ether stem extract, and rooting effect of cutting by NAA treatment. (omitted)

• 한국농림기상학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농림기상학회 2013년도 추계 학술발표논문집
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• pp.113-115
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• 2013

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.989-997
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• 1994

본 연구에서는 활성슬러지 하수처리장 포기조내 산소전달 특성 즉, ${\alpha}$와 ${\beta}$를 효율적으로 산정할 수 있는 측정 빛 추정방법을 개발하였다. 동일한 운영조건하에서 원통형 회분식 포기조 2 대를 제작 운영하여 상수와 포기조에서 채취한 혼합용액을 대상으로 동시에 unsteady state batch test를 수행하였고, 이와 동시에 호기성 미생물의 호흡으로 인한 용존산소 소모율도 추정하여 궁극적으로 ${\alpha}$와 ${\beta}$를 산정하였다. 연구대상 하수처리장의 경우에 합성호흡에 의한 용존산소 소모율은 평균 약 $17.96mg/(l{\cdot}hr)$이었고, 내생호흡에 의한 용존산소 소모율은 평균 약 $12.29mg/(l{\cdot}hr)$이었다. 아울러 ${\alpha}$는 0.65~0.95의 범위이었고, ${\beta}$는 0.88~0.93의 범위이었다. 이 값들은 통상적인 ${\alpha}$와 ${\beta}$의 범위이었고, 본 연구에서 개발된 측정 및 추정방법 또한 비교적 단순하고 용이하여 현장에서 산소전달 특성을 규명하는데 활용할 수 있으리라고 판단된다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.133-138
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• 2000

The research was conducted to measure the effect of temperature on respiratory and quality characteristics of 'Tsugaru' apple(Malus domestica Borkh) during storage at 4$^{\circ}$C, 10$^{\circ}$C and 20$^{\circ}$C. Respiration rate of the apple just after harvest was 7.57 mL CO$_2$/kg/h at 20$^{\circ}$C. It was decreased rapidly and was 2.86 mL CO$_2$/kg/h after storage for 45 days at 20$^{\circ}$C. The apples showed the highest ethylene production rate at 10$^{\circ}$C and 20$^{\circ}$C after 14 days, and at 4$^{\circ}$C after 28 days during storage. Weight of the apple was reduced by 2.9% after 120 days at 4$^{\circ}$C and by 6.1% after 45 days at 20$^{\circ}$C. Color difference of peel and pH increased with the temperatures but titratable acidity and flesh firmness showed the reverse trends during storage. According to the subjective quality test, it could be suggested that the shelf-life of the apple is 86 days at 4$^{\circ}$C, 65 days at 10$^{\circ}$C and 37 days at 20$^{\circ}$C, respectively.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.307-316
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• 1994

광전역이 수도엽신의 광합성에 미치는 영향을 구명코져 일반형 2품종(추청벼, 화진벼)과 통일형 2품종(삼강벼, 칠성벼)에 대하여 분얼기에서 출수기에 이르는 기간동안 무처리, 30%, 70% 차광처리하여 분얼기와 출수기에 고저 광도 조건하에서 광합성 특성 및 이와 관련한 생리, 생태적 특성을 검토한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 차광처리에 의한 건물중의 감소는 70% 차광처리구에서 많았으며, 분얼기보다 출수기가 현저하였고, LAR 및 SLA도 출수기에 높았다. 2. 분얼기 저광도(5Klux)하의 개체의 광합성 능력은 낮은 편이며, 무처리<30%<70% 차광처리의 순이었고, 고광도(33Klux)하에서는 무처리구 보다 30% 차광처리구가 가장 높았다. 3. 출수기에 단엽의 광합성 능력은 무처리에 비하여 70%차광처리구가 오히려 높았다. 4. 광합성에 대한 호흡비율(Respiration/Photosynthesis${\times}$100)은 무처리구에 비하여 차광처리구에서 전반적으로 낮았다. 5. CGR, RGR, NAR은 무처리구에 비하여 차광정도가 높을수록 감소하였다. 6. 차광처리는 수량 구성요소중 특히 1수 영화수를 감소시켜 정조수량이 감소되고, 따라서 수확지수도 저하되었다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.7-18
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• 2015

The characteristics of As and heavy metals depend on the oxidation/reduction condition of the soil environment. The most heavy metals are immobilized by the reduction condition whereas As, Fe and Mn become more soluble. Therefore this study estimated the stabilization efficiency of the agricultural paddy soil in the vicinity of the abandoned mine using a flooded column test including analysis of the soil solution, contaminants fractionation and rice grain. Limestone and steelmaking slag were used as amendments for stabilization of the contaminated soil. In an analysis of the soil solution, the mobile characteristics of Fe and Mn, which were used as electron acceptors of the microorganisms, were controlled by increasing the pH by adding alkali amendments. This means that the contaminants combined with Fe and Mn can be stable under flooded reduction condition. However, the concentrations of cationic heavy metals (Cd, Pb, and Zn) were also decreased without amendments because the carbonates produced from microbial respiration increased the pH of the soil solution. In the amended soil, the specific sorbed fraction of As and carbonates fraction of heavy metals were increased when compared to the control soil at the end of the column test. Especially in heavy metals, the increase of carbonates fraction seems to be influenced by alkali amendments rather than microbial respiration. Because of the stabilization effect in the flooded paddy soil, the contents of As and Zn in rice grain from amended soil were lower than that of the control soil. But additional research is needed because of the relatively higher Pb content identified in the rice grain from the amended.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.237-244
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• 1994

우리나라에서 육성 보급하고 있는 대표품종으로 Japonica$\times$Japonica 교잡인 일반형 품종 2품종(추청벼, 화진벼)과 Indica$\times$Japonica 교잡인 통일형 품종 2품종(삼강벼, 칠성벼)을 공시하여 생육시기별로 6회에 걸쳐 광합성 및 호흡 특성과 아울러 광합성의 일중변화와 이와 관련한 특성등을 구명코자 실험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 분얼기 동화부위의 배분(엽신중비율)이 일반형 품종에 비하여 통일형품종에서 높은 특성을 보였다. 2. 생육시기별 광합성 능력은 출수기 이전인 8월 1일에서 가장 높았고 호흡에 대한 광합성 효율(Respiration/Photosynthesis)은 7월 25일에서 가장 높았으며 삼강벼와 추청에서 특이하였다. 3. 1일중의 광합성 곡선은 출수기에는 오전 11~12시(1991.8.12~14)에 peak를 보이는 정규곡선을 나타냈으며 출수 2주일 후(9.2~3)에는 동화량의 peak가 13~14시에 있었으며 통일형품종이 일반형 품종에 비하여 높았다. 4. 광합성과 호흡작용의 일중 전환시각은 전품종 공히 표준 일출시각보다 30~60분 늦은 시간에 $CO_2$ 고정이 시작되고 오후에는 표준일몰 시각보다 50~60분 빠른 시점에서 광합성에서 호흡작용으로 전환되는 양상을 보여 주었다. 5. 광합성과 엽록소함량 및 근의 생리적 활력과는대체로 정의 상관이 인정되나 엽의 암호흡은 일정한 경향이 없었다. 6. 통일형인 칠성벼와 삼강벼는 Japonica형인 추청벼나 화진벼에 비하여 수확지수가 현저히 높았다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.283-289
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• 2015

This study surveys the improvement characteristics in old-aged muscular mitochondria by bio-active materials coated fabric (BMCF). To observe the effects, the fabric (10 and 30%) was worn to old-aged rat then the oxygen consumption efficiency and copy numbers of mitochondria, and mRNA expression of apoptosis- and mitophagy-related genes were verified. By wearing the BMCF, the oxidative respiration significantly increased when using the 30% materials coated fabric. The mitochondrial DNA copy number significantly decreased and subsequently recovered in a dose-dependent manner. The respiratory control ratio to mitochondrial DNA copy number showed a dose-dependent increment. As times passed, Bax, caspase 9, PGC-$1{\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$-actin increased, and Bcl-2 decreased in a dose-dependent manner. However, the BMCF can be seen to have had no effect on Fas receptor. PINK1 expression did not change considerably and was inclined to decrease in control group, but the expression was down-regulated then subsequently increased with the use of the BMCF in a dose-dependent manner. Caspase 3 increased and subsequently decreased in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that the BMCF invigorates mitophagy and improves mitochondrial oxidative respiration in skeletal muscle, and in early stage of apoptosis induced by the BMCF is not related to extrinsic death-receptor mediated but mitochondria-mediated signaling pathway.