• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.35-39
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• 2016

Purpose: This study compared the efficacy and tolerability of intravenous (i.v.) phenobarbital (PHB) and i.v. levetiracetam (LEV) in children with status epilepticus (SE) or acute repetitive seizure (ARS). Methods: The medical records of children (age range, 1 month to 15 years) treated with i.v. PHB or LEV for SE or ARS at our single tertiary center were retrospectively reviewed. Seizure termination was defined as seizure cessation within 30 minutes of infusion completion and no recurrence within 24 hours. Information on the demographic variables, electroencephalography and magnetic resonance imaging findings, previous antiepileptic medications, and adverse events after drug infusion was obtained. Results: The records of 88 patients with SE or ARS (median age, 18 months; 50 treated with PHB and 38 with LEV) were reviewed. The median initial dose of i.v. PHB was 20 mg/kg (range, 10-20 mg/kg) and that of i.v. LEV was 30 mg/kg (range, 20-30 mg/kg). Seizure termination occurred in 57.9% of patients treated with i.v. LEV (22 of 38) and 74.0% treated with i.v. PHB (37 of 50) (P=0.111). The factor associated with seizure termination was the type of event (SE vs. ARS) in each group. Adverse effects were reported in 13.2% of patients treated with i.v. LEV (5 of 38; n=4, aggressive behavior and n=1, vomiting), and 28.0% of patients treated with i.v. PHB (14 of 50). Conclusion: Intravenous LEV was efficacious and safe in children with ARS or SE. Further evaluation is needed to determine the most effective and best-tolerated loading dose of i.v. LEV.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.92-96
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• 2007

Objective : The authors have speculated that metastatic brain lesions from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) show diverse radiological patterns and tumor responses after Gamma knife surgery (GKS), and have hypothesized that these can be predicted from tumor radiological characteristics. The goal of the current study was to identify the radiological characteristics of RCC brain metastases and the predictors of initial radiosurgical response after GKS. Methods : A retrospective analysis was performed on 48 lesions in 18 patients with RCC brain metastasis treated by GKS. The radiological characteristics of these lesions in magnetic resonance images (MRI) were classified into 3 categories according to enhancement patterns in T1-weighted images and signal intensity characteristics in T2-weighted images. Responses to GKS were analyzed according to these categories, and in addition, other potential predictive factors were also evaluated. Results : MRI findings in the three categories were diverse, though numbers of the lesion were comparable. At 2-month MRI follow-ups after GKS, response rate was 54% and the local tumor control rate 83%. T2 signal intensity was found to be the principal predictive factor of response to GKS, namely negative predictive factor. Other variables such as age, sex, tumor volume, dose, duration from initial diagnosis to GKS, and previous systemic therapies failed to show significant relationships with treatment response by multivariate analysis. Conclusion : Careful evaluation of the radiological characteristics of brain metastases from RCC is important prior to GKS because MRI heterogeneity has predictive value in terms of determining initial tumor response.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.112-118
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• 2015

Objective : Thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) is a relatively rare disease. Because of ambiguous clinical symptom, it is difficult for early diagnosis of OLF and subsequent treatment can be delayed or missed. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to comprehensively assess the prevalence and distribution of thoracic OLF by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and coexisting spinal disease in Korean patients with back pain or leg pain. Methods : The sample included 2134 Korean patients who underwent MRI evaluation for back pain. The prevalence and distribution of thoracic OLF were assessed using lumbar MRI with whole spine sagittal images. Additionally, we examined the presence of coexisting lumbar and cervical diseases. The presence of thoracic OLF as well as clinical parameters such as age, sex, and surgery were retrospectively reviewed. Results : The prevalence of thoracic OLF in total patients was 16.9% (360/2134). The prevalence tended to increase with aging and was higher in women than in men. The lower thoracic segment of T10-11 was the most frequently affected segment. Of the 360 patients with OLF, 31.9% had coexisting herniated thoracic discs at the same level. Approximately 74% of the patients with OLF had coexisting lumbar and cervical disease. Nine (2.5%) of 360 OLF patients underwent surgery for thoracic lesion. Conclusion : The prevalenceof thoracic OLF was relatively higher than those of previous reports. And coexisting lumbar and cervical disease were very frequent. Therefore, we should check coexisting spinal diseases and the exact diagnostic localization of ossification besides lumbar disease.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.131-136
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• 2015

Objective : To investigate the incidence of corpus callosum injury (CCI) in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) using brain MRI. We also performed a review of the clinical characteristics associated with this injury. Methods : A total of 356 patients in the study were diagnosed with TBI, with 94 patients classified as having mild TBI. We included patients with mild TBI for further evaluation if they had normal findings via brain computed tomography (CT) scans and also underwent brain MRI in the acute phase following trauma. As assessed by brain MRI, CCI was defined as a high-signal lesion in T2 sagittal images and a corresponding low-signal lesion as determined by axial gradient echo (GRE) imaging. Based on these criteria, we divided patients into two groups for further analysis : Group I (TBI patients with CCI) and Group II (TBI patients without CCI). Results : A total of 56 patients were enrolled in this study (including 16 patients in Group I and 40 patients in Group II). Analysis of clinical symptoms revealed a significant difference in headache severity between groups. Over 50% of patients in Group I experienced prolonged neurological symptoms including dizziness and gait disturbance and were more common in Group I than Group II (dizziness : 37 and 12% in Groups I and II, respectively; gait disturbance : 12 and 0% in Groups I and II, respectively). Conclusion : The incidence of CCI in patients with mild TBI was approximately 29%. We suggest that brain MRI is a useful method to reveal the cause of persistent symptoms and predict clinical prognosis.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.209-217
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• 2017

In the enduring investigation of the bioactive microbes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain (referred to as CGK-KS-1 (ICTB-315)), isolated from Chumathang hot spring, Ladakh, and India, was identified to possess a major bioactive fraction with antimicrobial and anti-biofilm properties. This bioactive metabolite was purified through bioactivity-guided fractionation. The chemical structure of this major compound was elucidated as phenazine-1-carboxamide (PCN) based on $^1H$ and $^{13}C$ NMR, FT-IR, EI-HR-MS and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques. In the current study, PCN exhibited antimicrobial activity with MIC values ranging between $1.9-3.9{\mu}g/ml$ against various test human pathogens and Xanthomonas spp. PCN showed the anti-biofilm property with the $IC_{50}$ values ranging from 17.04 to $60.7{\mu}M$ against different test pathogens. The in silico docking studies showed PCN strongly interacted with various proteins of different Xanthomonas spp. with high binding energies. We report herein for the first time the anti-biofilm property and the docking studies of PCN. The extrolite from P. aeruginosa strain CGK-KS-1 showed promising bioactivities and may be considered as a potential candidate for application in various biocontrol strategies.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.435-442
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 PVC를 분류하기 위하여 웨이브렛 계수를 기반으로 하는 fuzzy-ART 네트워크를 설계하였다. 설계된 네트워크는 feature를 추출하는 부분과 fuzzy-ART 네트워크를 학습시키는 부분으로 구성된다. 우선 feature의 문턱치 구간을 설정하기 위하여 심전도 신호의 QRS를 검출하였고, 검출된 QRS는 Haar 웨이브렛을 이용한 웨이브렛 변환에 의해 주파수 분할하였다. 분할된 주파수 중에서 입력 feature를 추출하기 위하여 저주파 영역의 6번째 계수(D6)만을 선택하였다. D6신호는 입력 feature를 구성하기 위한 문턱치를 적용하여 fuzzy-ART 네트워크의 2진수 입력 feature로 전환하였고, PVC를 분류하기 위하여 fuzzy-ART네트워크를 학습시켰다. 본 연구의 성능을 평가하기 위하여 PVC가 포함된 MIT/BIH 데이터 베이스가 사용되었으며, fuzzy-ART 네트워크의 분류성능은 96.25%이었다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.365-372
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• 2013

In this study, the flow characteristics and structural safety of a 500W class vertical-axis wind turbines(VAWT) for a fishing boat are investigated by numerical simulations. Guide vanes to increase the performance of the VAWT are investigated. And the best guide vane in the numerical simulations is applied to the VAWT. Also, modal analyses are performed to find out the natural frequencies of the VAWT, and the resonance safety of the VAWT is evaluated. The structural analysis of the VAWT is carried out by one-way FSI(Fluid Structure Interaction). And the results are used for the evaluation of structural safety according to IEC 61400-1 code. Finally, the possibility of the installation of the VAWT on the wheelhouse of a 9.77ton class fishing boat is checked. The results of the present research could be used as one of the fundamental data to design a VAWT for a fishing boat.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.350-353
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• 2014

A 13-year-old, castrated male, Shih Tzu dog with a history of acute ataxia was referred to veterinary medical teaching hospital and anesthetized for diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging of cervical intervertebral disk disease. After preanesthetic evaluation including physical examination, blood chemistry, radiography and ultrasound, the patient was premedicated with intravenous butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg). Anesthesia was induced by intravenous propofol (6 mg/kg) and maintained with isoflurane at 1.2 minimal alveolar concentrations. Because the mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased from 70 to 58 mmHg at 70 minutes after induction, dobutamine was administered by constant rate infusion ($5{\mu}g/kg/min$) to treat hypotension. However MAP did not increase, and heart rate rapidly decreased from 100 to 55 beats per minute (bpm). To treat bradycardia, intravenous glycopyrrolate ($5{\mu}g/kg$) was administered, and heart rate increased to 165 bpm. After extubation of endotracheal tube, the patient showed normal recovery without any problems related to cardiovascular system. Unexpected dobutamine-induced bradycardia was considered as Bezold-Jarisch reflex. It is recommended that clinicians know and prepare the possibility of bradycardia during dobutamine therapy under general anesthesia.

• 대한관절경학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.66-70
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• 2013

반월상 연골판의 판상 파열은 흔히 관절 내 전위에 의한 증상을 유발하여 수술적 치료를 요하며 특히 파열된 분절이 관절낭 내로 감돈될 경우 자기공명영상 검사 및 관절경수술 시 파열 부위 진단에 실패할 우려가 있으며, 임상적인 특징과 치료에 대해서는 보고된 바 없다. 저자들은 관절낭 내 감돈된 내측 반월상 연골판 판상 파열에 대한 치험 2예를 보고하는 바, 특징적인 임상 양상의 확인을 통한 이와 같은 병변에 대한 의심이 정확한 수술 전 진단에 있어 중요함을 강조하고자 한다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제11권11호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2020

자기공명영상 고주파를 차단할 수 있는 금속물질 중 자장에 영향을 받지 않으며 가격이 저렴하고 주위에서 쉽게 구할 수 있는 알루미늄 호일을 이용하여 차폐체를 제작하였다. Phantom 실험 결과 over-sampling 기법을 적용한 경우 적용 전보다 aliasing artifact가 약 94% 감소하였고, 알루미늄 차폐체를 적용한 경우도 적용 전 보다 약 92% 감소하였다. 그리고 scan time도 over-sampling 기법의 경우 적용 전보다 약 3배이상 증가한 반면, 알루미늄 차폐체의 경우는 적용 전과 변화가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 알루미늄 호일을 이용한 차폐체도 기존의 흡수재 및 차폐체들과 마찬가지로 scan time의 증가 없이 aliasing artifact를 효율적으로 제거할 수 있는 것을 확인하였다.