• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제42권1호
• /
• pp.76-82
• /
• 2013

저항전분이 10% 첨가된 제품을 대조구로 하여 활성글루텐을 2%, 4%, 6% 첨가하여 식빵을 제조하였다. 활성글루텐이 미치는 효과를 측정하기 위하여 반죽과 제품의 pH, 수분활성도, 비용적, 굽기 손실률, crumb 색도, 조직감, 관능검사 등을 분석하였다. 반죽과 제품의 pH는 대조구에 비하여 활성글루텐 첨가 시 높았다. 수분활성도는 대조구에 비하여 활성글루텐 첨가구에서 다소 낮았으나 유의적 차이가 없었다. 비용적은 활성글루텐 첨가량이 많을수록 높아져 부피가 커지는 것으로 나타났다. 굽기 손실률은 활성글루텐 첨가량이 많을수록 낮아졌다. Crumb 색도의 L, a, b 값 모두 활성글루텐 첨가량이 많을수록 낮아졌으며 유의적 차이가 있었다. 조직감(경도)은 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 대조구에 비하여 시험구들이 낮은 값이었고, 관능검사에서 4% 첨가구가 가장 높은 점수를 얻었다. 이상의 실험으로 활성글루텐 4% 첨가 시에 저항전분이 10% 첨가된 식빵의 품질을 개선하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제46권2호
• /
• pp.135-142
• /
• 2014

국내에서 육종한 11가지 고구마의 전분 특성을 구명하여 새로운 식품 소재의 개발을 위한 기초자료로 이용하고자 전분의 이화학, 호화 및 소화 특성을 조사하였다. 아밀로스 함량은 12.5-17.4%의 범위를 보였으며, 아밀로펙틴 가지 사슬 분포는 시료 간에 유사하였다. 증미 전분의 아밀로펙틴 분자량이 가장 컸으며 대유미 전분은 가장 낮은 값을 보였다. 모든 고구마 전분의 X선 회절 양상은 C형 중에서도 A형에 가까운 $C_a$형을 나타내었다. 시차주사열량계로 측정한 열 특성에서 11품종 고구마 전분 중 신율미와 증미의 호화 온도가 높았고, 해피미는 낮았다. Rapid Visco Analyser로 페이스트 특성을 살펴보았을 때, 호화시간은 전분 입자의 크기, 최고점도, 강하점도와 음의 상관을 나타내었으며, 해피미가 가장 낮은 호화 온도와 치반점도를 보였고 강하점도와 최고점도 및 최종점도가 높았다. 소화 특성에서 증미의 RS 함량이 가장 많았으며, 신율미와 해피미는 SDS 함량이 많았다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.315-322
• /
• 2005

Kimchi noodle have a original taste and characteristics. This noodle was used for sour kimchi, kimchi taste powder, red bean fiber and emulsified oil etc. with RS(resistant starch) premix as blended wheat flour mixed to resistant starch. For manufacturing process of this kimchi mixed dry noodle, suitable kimchi of $pH3.70{\sim}3.80$ was required storage period during $4{\sim}5days$ at room temperature. At this point, the suitable treating amount of sour kimchi was about 20%(w/w) level. Manufacturing of kimchi noodle could be at the suitable manufacturing condition from use of kimchi taste powder and red bean fiber etc. Calori of this kimchi noodle was 308.17Kcal/100g as low level than wheat flour noodle as 355.82Kcal/100g, decreasing effect of calori was about 13.39%. This kimchi noodle had a characteristic sour and hot taste, that wasn't required the special seasoning and/or soup at this result.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
• /
• 제22권4호통권94호
• /
• pp.477-487
• /
• 2006

The quality characteristics of dough and French breads containing dietary fibers, which were resistant starches (RS3 and RS4 types) and commercial non-starch polysaccharides (cellulose, pectin and chitosan), were investigated. The pH of the dough containing all dietary fiber except pectin was greater than that of control and was increased with increasing addition level. There was no correlation between pH and the expansion ratio of dough. As the level of added dietary fibers became high, the bread baking loss decreased, and the order of specific bread volume was 5% cellulose < 5% pectin < control bread, with no significant difference in specific volume. When a high level of dietary fibers was added to wheat flour, a complex phase appeared due to the formation between the network structure of additives and wheat gluten, and starch granules were heavily masted by the increased development of gluten-network matrix after the first fermentation like a wide spread net. Comparing the colorimetric changes of breads with the same added ratio (10%) of dietary fibers, the cellulose and RS4 addition breads had lower levels and the pectin-added bread had the highest value in the redness, while the chitosan-added bread had the highest value in the yellowness. Breads with a high level of dietary fibers showed increased hardness, gumminess, and brittleness and decreased springiness and cohesiveness. By sensory data, breads with 5% NSP and 10% RS addition showed high overall acceptability, with higher sensory RS score, compared to NSP addition. In conclusion, it was suggested that bread with lower than 10% RS or 5% NSP addition based on the amount of wheat flour, was acceptable with no considerable change in preference/overall quality and processing in bread-making.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.129-138
• /
• 2014

This research aimed to develope squash sikhye containing retrograded rice flour using response surface methodology. For this, nonlinear regression equation was calculated with the setting of independent variables as retrograded rice flour containing resistant starch and squash, and dependent variables as viscosity, sugar content, pH, color, and sensory attributes. Under the experimental condition, the quality characteristics of squash sikhye were found as 6.20~6.25 for pH, $14.00{\sim}17.33^{\circ}Brix$ for sweetness, 2.64~4.45 cP for viscosity, 57.51~60.18 for lightness, 4.94~7.52 for redness, and 50.98~60.29 for yellowness. It also was revealed overall acceptability in sensory evaluation rated as 9.67~10.83 out of 15 point. These results showed statistically significant differences in quality attributes with the increase of retrograded rice flour and squash(p<0.05). Thus, optimal mixing quantity of squash and retrograded rice flour for squash sikhye was identified as 114 g and 65 g, respectively. Comparison of sensory qualities of four samples, namely squash sikhye with and without retrograded rice, and two commercial products, showed that squash sikhye including retrograded rice flour had the best quality in terms of color, taste, mouth feeling, flavor and overall acceptability (p<0.05). Thus the squash sikhye with retrograded rice flour can be the potential products as a health benefit beverage for the old adult and the young generation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.95-98
• /
• 1993

This study was carried out to isolate and characterize the mutant strains of Schwanniomyces castellii NRRL Y-2477. Mutants were prepared with the treatment of ethyl methane sulfonate. 2-deoxy-D-glucose resistant mutants were isolated and two mutants were selected based on their high production of amylolytic enzymes and their ability to ferment starch. The mutants selected had higher a-amylase and glucoamylase activities than the wild type strain from several other carbon sources. Especially, it was revealed that mutant strain M-9, when cultured in the presence of glucose as a sole carbon source, shows relatively high activities of a-amylase and glucoamylase compared to those of the wild type strain. In result, this mutant strain can be considered as a constitutive producer of amylolytic enzymes. To compare the ethanol production ability of wild type strain and of mutant strains selected, an alcohol fermentation was carried out using 100 g/l soluble starch. Mutant strain M-9 did not improve the direct alcohol fermentation of starch, despite its excellent amylolytic activities performance. On the other hand, mutant strain M-6 produced 37.9 g/l (4.8%, v/v) ethanol by utilizing about 82% of substrate.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.157-160
• /
• 2001

전분의 종류를 달리하여 팽윤력이 다른 가교결합 저항전분을 제조한 후, RS 수율과 팽윤력을 측정하였고 이를 밀가루 제품에 첨가하였을 때의 적성을 알아보기 위해 RS 첨가 밀전분의 RVA에 의한 호화양상을 조사하였다. AOAC 방법으로 측정한 RS 수율은 전분의 종류에 따라 차이가 있었으며 팽윤력이 낮은 가교결합 저항전분이 더 높았고, 전분의 종류와 제조방법에 따라 팽윤력이 다양하였다. 가열에 따른 전분 호화액의 점도변화는 RS 4를 20% 첨가한 밀전분이 RS 4를 첨가하지 않은 것보다 낮았으며 팽윤력이 높은 것이 점도의 감소가 적었다. 가교결합으로 RS 4 형태의 전분을 제조할 때 RS 함량이나 팽윤력을 조절할 수 있으며 팽윤력으로 가열 중의 점도 변화를 예측할 수 있어 각 식품가공에 적합한 RS를 제조할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.623-629
• /
• 2001

밀가루의 30%를 옥수수 전분과 옥수수 전분으로 제조한 저항전분, 즉 가열-냉각 RS 3, 가교결합 RS 4, annealed 가교 결합 RS 4 저항전분으로 대체하여 스폰지 케이크를 제조하였으며, 케이크의 품질을 물리적, 관능적 검사를 이용하여 비교하였다. 케이크의 부피 및 비체적은 대조군 케이크에 비하여 RS 4 첨가 케이크는 증가한 반면 ARS 4 첨가 케이크는 감소하였다. 케이크의 외형은 모두 양호한 편이었으나 대칭성은 RS 3 첨가 케이크가 가장 우수하였다. 케이크의 crust 색은 저항전분을 첨가하여 밝아졌으며, crumb 색은 RS 3

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제21권5호
• /
• pp.691-696
• /
• 1989

감자를 물에 침지시켜 썩히고 전분을 분리 이용하는 것은 우리나라 특유의 식문화이다. 본 실험에서는 감자를 $30^{\circ}C$의 물에 7일간 침지시키면서 전분의 성질 변화를 조사하였다. 침지 중 큰 입자$(61-70\;{\mu}m)$는 침지 1일에 크게 감소하였고 침지 2일 이후에는 거의 존재하지 않았으며, 전분입자는 침지 2일부터 구멍을 보이기 시작하였다. 침지 중 수침액의 pH는 감소하였고, 총 당과 환원당은 증가하였다. 전분입자의 밀도, 아밀로오스 함량, 인 함량 및 지방질 함량은 감소하였다. 전분의 상대결정도는 증가하여 침지 4일에서 가장 높았고 다시 감소하였다. 호화엔탈피의 변화도 비슷한 결과이었다. 침지전분은 산 또는 효소에 의한 가수분해 정도가 낮았고, 팽윤력, 아밀로그라프의 점도 등도 낮았다.

• Entomological Research
• /
• 제48권5호
• /
• pp.400-404
• /
• 2018

In this study, we investigated resistance to the organophosphates chlorpyrifos in Tunisian populations of Culex pipiens pipiens. Three field populations were collected from Northern and central Tunisia between 2003 and 2005 and used for the bioassays tests. Our results registered moderate and high levels of resistance to chlorpyrifos which ranged from 33.8 to 111. The chlorpyrifos resistant populations were highly resistant to propoxur indicated an insensitive acetylcholinesterase 1 (AChE 1). The highest frequency of AChE 1 resistant phenotypes (64%) was recorded in the most resistant population (sample # 1). Bioassays conducted in the presence of synergists showed that not esterases were involved as the resistance mechanism to chlorpyrifos. However, CYP450 was partly involved in the resistance of the most resistant sample (# 1). Starch electrophoresis showed that three esterases were present in studied samples: A2-B2, A4-B4 and B12. Results are discussed in relation to the selection pressure caused by insecticide treatments.