• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.19-23
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• 2003

Turnip crinkle vims (TCV) inoculation onto resistant Arabidopsis ecotype Dijon（Di-17) leads to a hypersensitive response (HR) on the inoculated leaves. A dominant gene, HRT, which confers an HR to TCV, has been cloned from Di-17 plants by map-based cloning. HRT is a LZ-NBS-LRR class resistance gene and it belongs to a small gene family that includes RPP8, which confers resistance to Peronospora parasitica Emco5. Outside of the LRR region, HRT and RPP8 proteins share 98% amino acid identity while their LRR regions are less conserved (87% identity). HRT-transformed Arabidopsis plants developed an HR but generally remained susceptible to TCV due to a dominant RRT allele, which is not compatible with resistance. However, several transgenic plants that over-expressed HRT much higher than Di-l7 showed micro-HR or no HR when inoculated with TCV and were resistant to infection. Both the HR and resistance are dependent on salicylic acid but independent of NPRI, ethylene, or jasmonic acid. Arabidopsis plants containing both TCV coat protein gene and HRT developed massive necrosis and death in seedlings, indicating that the TCV coat protein is an avirulence factor detected by the HRT.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.1008-1013
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• 2014

The use of antimicrobial agents for additives or therapeutics is strongly associated with a prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in commensal Enterobacteriaceae. We aimed to characterize integrons in Enterobacteriaceae isolates obtained from chicken cecums in Korea. Moreover, the correlation between integron gene cassettes and antimicrobial resistance was also investigated. A total of 90 isolates the belonged to Enterobacteriaceae were recovered from chickens grown at Gyeongsang and Chungcheong provinces in Korea. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed by the disk diffusion method. PCR and DNA sequencing were also performed to characterize the gene cassette arrays of the integrons. Of the 90 Enterobacteriaceae isolates tested, 39 (43.3%) and 10 (11.1%) isolates carried class 1 and 2 integrons, respectively. Whereas the class 2 integron did not contain gene cassettes, the class 1 integrons carried seven different gene cassette arrays. The class 1 integrons harbored genes encoding resistant determinants to aminoglycosides (aadA1, aadA2, and aadA5), trimethoprim (dfrA1, dfrA12, dfrA17, and dfrA32), lincosamides (linF), and erythromycin (ereA). Moreover, the presence of a class 1 integron was significantly related to a high resistance rate of antimicrobial agents, such as spectinomycin and trimethoprim. We confirmed that diverse class 1 integrons were widely distributed in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from chickens and directly contributed to the resistance to diverse antimicrobial agents in Korea.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.203-208
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• 1984

This study was investigated to know the possible linkage relationship between blast resistance gene and plant height gene in rice. Two resistant varieties, Tadukan and Tetep were crossed with six susceptible semi-dwarf tester lines. Progenies derived from the crosses were inoculated with spray method at 3-4 leaf stage with blast races, C-8$^{+t}$ and T-2$^{+t}$. The results indicated that: (1) Resistance of Tadukan and Tetep to the C-8$^{+t}$ was controlled by a single dominant gene, respectively. (2) Resistance of Tadukan and Tetep to the T-2$^{+t}$ was expressed by complementary gene action between two dominant genes, respectively. (3) No linkage relationship was found between resistance gene and plant height gene of both Tadukan and Tetep when tested with C-8$^{+t}$ and T-2$^{+t}$, respectively.espectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.64-65
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• 1998

The inheritance of resistance to bacterial blight in a Tongil-type rice cultivar 'Changseongbyeo' was studied using a Korean isolate HB9101. which belongs to race $K_1$. The resistance of Changseongbyeo to the HB9101 was controlled by a single dominant gene. This gene was allelic with Xa-1 gene and linked to Ig gene on chromosome 4 with the recombination value of 7.5%.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.341-346
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• 2001

Hypertension is a complex disease with strong genetic influences. Essential hypertension has been shown to be associated with insulin resistance. To clarify the genetic basis of insulin resistance in Hypertension, case-control association studies were performed to examine candidate genes for insulin resistance in hypertension. Polymorphisms investigated were the BstO I polymorphism of the $\beta$3-adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) gene, the Xba I Polymorphism of the glycogen synthase (GSY) gene, the Dde I polymorphism of the protein phosphatase 1 G subuit (PP1G) gene, the BstE II polymorphism of the glucagon receptor (GCG-R) gene, the Pst 1 polymorphism of the insulin (INS) gene and the Acc I polymorphism of the glucokinase (GCK) gene. No significant differences were observed in the distribution of alleles and genotypes of the ADRB3, GSY PP1G, GCG-R, INS, and GCK genes between hypertensive and normotensive groups. Although the frequencies in each of these polymorphisms were not significantly different between essential hypertensive and normotensive individuals, our results may provide additional information for linkage analysis and associative studies of disorders in carbohydrate metabolism or in cardiovascular disease.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 1997

Resistance to combination chemotherapy remains challenge in the treatment of osteosarcoma. One of the mechanisms of multiple drug resistance is an increased expression of the multidrug resistance gene(mdr1). Expression of the P-glycoprotein(mdr-1 gene product) was studied immunohistochemically and the mdr-1 gene by in situ hybridization in 33 osteosarcomas relating to various prognostic factors. Thirty cases out of 33 osteosarcomas(90.9%) showed positive cytoplasmic reactions with P-glycoprotein and nineteen instances(57.6%) were strong positive(2+). The older(>20 years) and female patients revealed more intense immunohistochemical reactions rather than those of the younger and male patients. Osteoblastic and chondroblastic osteosarcomas revealed more strong immunohistochemical reactions compared to fibroblastic types. There were no significant staining differences between the type of bony involvement, Broder's grade and the presence of necrosis. On follow-up, the mean survival rate was decreased in the strong positive group, however, this was not statistically significant. In situ hybridization for mdr-1 gene revealed positive signals in 22 cases out of 29 osteosarcomas(75.9%). Chemotherapy was done in 15 cases out of 28 patients(53.6%). The results of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were not correlated with the protocols for chemotherapy. However, this result should be confirmed by a larger scale study about mdr1 mRNA expression.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.616-628
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• 2022

Resistance to pyraclostrobin due to a single nucleotide polymorphism at 143rd amino acid position on the cytochrome b gene has been a major source of concern in red pepper field infected by anthracnose in Korea. Therefore, this study investigated the response of 24 isolates of C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides isolated from anthracnose infected red pepper fruits using agar dilution method and other molecular techniques such as cytochrome b gene sequencing, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), and allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The result showed that four isolates were resistant to pyraclostrobin on agar dilution method and possessed GCT (alanine) codon at 143rd amino acid position, whereas the sensitive isolates possessed GGT (glycine). Furthermore, this study illustrated the difference in the cytochrome b gene structure of C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides. The use of cDNA in this study suggested that the primer Cacytb-P2 can amplify the cytochrome b gene of both C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides despite the presence of various introns in the cytochrome b gene structure of C. gloeosporioides. The use of allele-specific PCR and PCR-RFLP provided clear difference between the resistant and sensitive isolates. The application of molecular technique in the evaluation of the resistance status of anthracnose pathogen in red pepper provided rapid, reliable, and accurate results that can be helpful in the early adoption of fungicide-resistant management strategies for the strobilurins in the field.

• Mycobiology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.101-104
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• 2017

We identified two genes related to fungicide resistance in Fusarium fujikuroi through random mutagenesis. Targeted gene deletions showed that survival factor 1 deletion resulted in higher sensitivity to fungicides, while deletion of the gene encoding F-box/WD-repeat protein increased resistance, suggesting that the genes affect fungicide resistance in different ways.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.50-56
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• 1998

The complementary DNA (cDNA) of potato virus Y- vein necrosis strain (PVY-VN) replicase gene (Nlb) was transformed into tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Burley 21) plants. Out of 25 putative transformants regenerated, 3 were resistant to PVY-VN, one highly resistant plant with no symptom until seed harvest time and the other two with mild chlorotic spot symptoms at late stages after infection. No symptom was observed in the highly resistant plant, while mild vein necrotic symptoms were developed on suckers of the moderately resistant plants after seed harvest time, In the first generation (T1) via self fertilization, resistance to susceptibility frequency in transgenic plants from the highly resistant transformant was about 3 : 1, while it was lowered much (about 1:2 and 1:19) in T1 of the moderately resistant transformants. In the second generation (T2) of the highly resistant plant, resistance frequencies were similar to T1, but resistance levels varied greatly and appeared to be decreased. Key words : potato virus Y, viral replicate gene, transgenic tobacco plants, resistance.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.175-181
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• 2016

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is an important opportunistic pathogen of dog and cats. Since 2006 there has been a significant emergence of methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) mainly due to clonal spread. The aim of this study was to investigated the prevalence of antibiotic resistance and presence of mecA and femA gene in 91 S. pseudintermedius isolates isolated from dogs and cats associated with various clinic infections. Methicillin resistance was confirmed by oxacillin disc diffusion method. MRSP isolate was detected 19 isolates (20.9%). MRSP and methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MSSP) isolates were highly resistant to penicillin, kanamycin, tetracycline, erythromycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and choloramphenicol (100~47.3% and 90.3~33.3%, respectively). About 90% of MRSP isolates were multi-drug resistance (resistance to at least five or more antimicrobials), and MSSP isolates was ca 74%. Among the 91 isolates, mecA gene was detected in 25 isolates (27.5%, 19 in MRSP isolates and 6 in MSSP isolates), but none carried the femA gene. Our results indicated MRSA isolates show a strong resistance to antimicrobials commonly used in veterinary medicine. A continuous surveillance and monitoring should be called for to prevent the contamination and spread of MRSP in dogs and cats.