• Molecules and Cells
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.329-336
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• 2009

To evaluate the involvement of translation initiation factors eIF4E and eIFiso4E in Chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV) infection in pepper, we conducted a genetic analysis using a segregating population derived from a cross between Capsicum annuum 'Dempsey' containing an elF4E mutation ($pvr1^2$) and C. annuum 'Perennial' containing an elFiso4E mutation (pvr6). C. annuum 'Dempsey' was susceptible and C. annuum 'Perennial' was resistant to ChiVMV. All $F_1$ plants showed resistance, and $F_2$ individuals segregated in a resistant-susceptible ratio of 166:21, indicating that many resistance loci were involved. Seventy-five $F_2$ and 329 $F_3$ plants of 17 families were genotyped with $pvr1^2$ and pvr6 allele-specific markers, and the genotype data were compared with observed resistance to viral infection. All plants containing homozygous genotypes of both $pvr1^2$ and pvr6 were resistant to ChiVMV, demonstrating that simultaneous mutations in elF4E and eIFiso4E confer resistance to ChiVMV in pepper. Genotype analysis of $F_2$ plants revealed that all plants containing homozygous genotypes of both $pvr1^2$ and pvr6 showed resistance to ChiVMV. In protein-protein interaction experiments, ChiVMV viral genome-linked protein (VPg) interacted with both eIF4E and eIFiso4E. Silencing of elF4E and eIFiso4E in the VIGS experiment showed reduction in ChiVMV accumulation. These results demonstrated that ChiVMV can use both eIF4E and eIFiso4E for replication, making simultaneous mutations in eIF4E and eIFiso4E necessary to prevent ChiVMV infection in pepper.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.31-31
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• 2022

Rice contains a wealth of genetic diversity, both within Oryza sativa and in related A-genome species. Decades of genetic research into this diversity have identified dozens of major genes contributing to a wide variety of important traits, including disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance (drought, salinity, submergence, heat, cold etc.), grain quality, flowering date and maturity and plant architecture. Yet despite these opportunities, very few of the major genes and QTLs known have been successfully applied through rice breeding programs to produce sustained changes in farmer's fields. This presentation will briefly examine some of the factors limiting application of major genes in the mainstream breeding programs, and steps that have been taken to alleviate those limitations. As a result of these interventions, dozens of major genes that were previously unavailable to breeders are now being used confidently in the variety development process. Case studies will be discussed of genes critical for blast resistance worldwide, rice yellow mottle virus for Africa, and new validated QTLs for salinity tolerance.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.13-16
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• 2008

Pepper fruit anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum species is an economically important disease that causes serious yield loss and quality deterioration in many Asian countries including South Korea and Taiwan. Recently, Capsicum baccatum PI594137 was found to exhibit broad-spectrum resistance to Colletotrichum acutatum. The inheritance of anthracnose resistance to C. acutatum was analyzed in an intraspecific population derived from a cross between C. baccatum Golden-aji and PI594137. Detached mature green fruits were inoculated using the microinjection method. The disease response was evaluated as the disease incidence and the overall lesion diameter at 7 days after inoculation(DAI). The segregation ratios of resistance and susceptibility to C. acutatum in the $F_2$ and $BC_s$ populations significantly fit a 3:1 Mendelian model. This result indicates that the resistance of PI594137 to C. acutatum is controlled by a single dominant gene.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.370-378
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• 2010

This review describes the stratagies of development of virus-resistant Alstroemeria plants using the genetic modification system. Despite of increasing of its importance in cut flower market, improvements of some horticultuirally important traits such as fragrance, long vase-life, virus resistance and tolerance against abiotic stresses are lack of the breeding program in Alstroemeria. Of these traits, virus-resistance is quite difficult to develop in Alstroemeria plants due to the limitations of genetic variation in the existed germplasm. To extend the genetic variation, plant biotechnological techniques such as genetic transformation and tissue culture should be combined to develop virus-resistant line in Alstroemeria. In this review, several strategies for the generation of virus-resistance by using natural resistance genes, pathogen-derived genes and other sources including pathogen-derived proteins, virus-specific antibodies and ribosome-inactivating proteins are presented. Also, brief histories of breeding, tissue culture, and transformation system in Alstroemeria plants are described to inderstand of the application of transgenic approach for the development of virus-resistance in Alstroemeria species.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.48-53
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 벼멸구 저항성 개통 육성과정 중에 수행한 PS와 MAS system간의 선발 효율을 정확성, 소요시간, 소요비용 등의 요인으로 비교 분석함으로써 MAS system의 선발 효율을 제시하고, 이를 이용하여 효과적인 MAS system을 구축하고 실용화하기 위한 방안을 제시하였다. DNA marker를 이용하여 벼멸구 저항성 개체를 선발하고 MAS 체제를 확립하기 위하여 '삼강/낙동' 조합의 $F_2$집단, RIL($F_6$), DH집단, 여교잡집단($BC_6F_5$)을 대상으로 PS와 marker 검정을 병행하여 두 검정 방법 간에 각 잡종집단 및 세대별 저항성과 감수성 계통(개체)의 비율을 비교한 바 95%이상 일치하였다. MAS 체제와 PS간의 선발효율을 비교한 바 MAS는 PS에 비해 약 32%의 비용이 절감되었고, 검정에 소요되는 기간도 기존의 PS에서는 30일인데 비해 MAS에서는 7일로 크게 단축되었다. 이 결과를 바탕으로 MAS에 의한 벼멸구 저항성 계통 선발 체계를 확립 할 수 있었다.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.331-344
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• 2011

The well-conserved NBS domain of resistance (R) genes cloned from many plants allows the use of a PCR-based approach to isolate resistance gene analogs (RGAs). In this study, we isolated an RGA (CapRGC) from Capsicum annuum "CM334" using a PCR-based approach. This sequence encodes a protein with very high similarity to Rx genes, the Potato Virus X (PVX) R genes from potato. An evolutionary analysis of the CapRGC gene and its homologs retrieved by an extensive search of a Solanaceae database provided evidence that Rx-like genes (eight ESTs or genes that show very high similarity to Rx) appear to have diverged from R1 [an NBS-LRR R gene against late blight (Phytophthora infestans) from potato]-like genes. Structural comparison of the NBS domains of all the homologs in Solanaceae revealed that one novel motif, 14, is specific to the Rx-like genes, and also indicated that several other novel motifs are characteristic of the R1-like genes. Our results suggest that Rx-like genes are ancient but conserved. Furthermore, the novel conserved motifs can provide a basis for biochemical structural. function analysis and be used for degenerate primer design for the isolation of Rx-like sequences in other plant species. Comparative mapping study revealed that the position of CapRGC is syntenic to the locations of Rx and its homolog genes in the potato and tomato, but cosegregation analysis showed that CapRGC may not be the R gene against PVX in pepper. Our results confirm previous observations that the specificity of R genes is not conserved, while the structure and function of R genes are conserved. It appears that CapRGC may function as a resistance gene to another pathogen, such as the nematode to which the structure of CapRGC is most similar.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.317-331
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• 2016

Development of disease resistant plant is one of the important objectives in rice breeding programs because biotic stresses can adversely affect rice growth and yield losses. This study was conducted to identify lines with multiple-resistance genes to biotic stress among 173 hybrid rice breeding lines and germplasms using DNA-based markers. Our results showed that one hybrid rice line [IR98161-2-1-1-k1-3 (IR86409-3-1-1-1-1-1/IRBB66)] possessed 5 bacterial blight resistance genes (Xa4, xa5, Xa7, Xa13 and Xa21) while two hybrid rice lines [IR98161-2-1-1-k1-2 (IR86409-3-1-1-1-1-1/IRBB66) and 7292s (IR75589-31-27-8-33S(S1)/IR102758B)] possessed 3 bacterial blight resistance genes (Xa4, Xa7 and Xa21, and Xa3, Xa4 and xa5). Molecular survey on rice blast disease revealed that most of these lines had two different resistant genes. Only 11 lines possessed Pib, Pi-5, and Pi-ta. In addition, we further surveyed the distribution of insect resistant genes, such as Bph1, Bph18(t), and Wbph. Three hybrid breeding lines [IR98161-2-1-1-k1-3 (IR86409-3-1-1-1-1-1/IRBB66), IR98161-2-1-1-k1-2 (IR86409-3-1-1-1-1-1/IRBB66), and 7292s (IR75589-31-27-8-33S(S1) /IR102758B)] contained all three resistance genes. Finally, we obtained four hybrid rice breeding lines and germplasms [IR98161-2-1-1-k1-2 (IR86409-3-1-1-1-1-1/IRBB66), Damm-Noeub Khmau, 7290s, and 7292s (IR75589-31-27-8-33S(S1)/IR102758B)] possessing six-gene combination. They are expected to provide higher level of multiple resistance to biotic stress. This study is important for genotyping hybrid rice with resistance to diverse diseases and pests. Results obtained in this study suggest that identification of pyramided resistance genes is very important for screening hybrid rice breeding lines and germplasms accurately for disease and pest resistance. We will expand their cultivation safely through bioassays against diseases, pests, and disaster in its main export countries.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.314-326
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• 2020

본 연구는 유전자의 확대와 집적을 통해 벼 흰잎마름병균 K3a에 대응하는 저항성 계통을 육성하였고 육성계통에 대한 육종과정, 병 저항성반응을 분석하여 저항성 계통의 기초자료와 재배 효과를 제공하여 우수한 벼 흰잎마름병 저항성 품종 개발에 활용하고자 실험을 수행하였다. 벼 흰잎마름병 저항성 Xa3 유전자를 가지고 있는 중만생 자포니카 품종 황금누리를 반복친으로, Xa21 유전자를 가진 중만생 인디카 근동질유전자계통 IRBB21을 수여친으로 인공교배 후 3번 여교배하여 ABLs21을 얻었다. 생물검정과 분자표지검정을 활용하여 저항성 유전자 Xa3, Xa21이 집적을 확인하였다. ABLs21이 보유한 저항성 유전자는 분자표지 9643.T4 (Xa3), U1/I1 (Xa21)로 PCR 한 결과 모두 증폭되어 저항성 유전자를 가지는 것으로 확인되었다. ABLs21과 모부본의 벼 흰잎마름병 레이스에 대한 저항성 반응은 황금누리, IRBB3가 K1, K2, K3 레이스에 저항성 반응을 보였지만 K3a, K4, K5에는 감수성 반응을 나타냈다. IRBB21은 K1에 감수성 반응이었고 K2~K5에는 저항성 반응이었다. K3a 레이스 균주 접종 시 유묘단계에서 황금누리, IRBB21, ABL21-1, 분얼단계에서 황금누리, IRBB21, 성체단계에서 황금누리가 감수성 반응이었다. ABL21-1은 분얼단계에서 중도저항성을, 성체단계에서 저항성 반응을 나타냈다. K3a 레이스 18개 균주 접종 결과 ABL21-1은 각각의 수여친보다 병반길이와 표준편차가 작아 안정적인 저항성을 보여주었다. 18개 균주 각각의 반복간 병반길이의 유의차는 없어 균주의 병원성은 안정적이었으며 군집분석 결과 HB4032 균주의 병원력이 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. ABLs21의 분자표지 다형성은 63.2%이며 평균 86.1 cM의 염색체단편이 이입되었다. ABLs21의 Xa21 유전자 부위로 추정되는 곳에 수여친의 염색체단편 이입이 일어났다.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제28권
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• pp.17-23
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• 2010

역병(Phytophthora capsici)과 세균성점무늬병(Xanthomonas euvesicatoria)에 복합저항성인 핵유전형 웅성불임계(Genic male sterile line, GMS)를 육성하기 위하여 역병 저항성 핵유전형 웅성불임계에 역병-세균성점무늬병 복합저항성 계통을 교배하여 작성한 조합의 $F_3$와 $F_4$ 세대에 대하여 두 가지 병에 대한 저항성 선발을 실시하였다. 역병 저항성은 잘 알려져 있는 KC294(CM334)와 KC263(AC2258)에서 도입하고, 세균성점무늬병 저항성은 KC47(PI24467)에서 도입되었다. 역병에 고도의 저항성을 지닌 GMS 계통이 얻어졌으며, 이들은 세균성점무늬병에도 양적으로 저항성을 나타낼 것으로 기대된다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.20-23
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• 2015

A sequential planting method was developed to screen rice plants with durable resistance against rice blast in a short time, and applied for several years in Korean rice breeding program. In this study, we showed the advantages of a sequential planting method compared to other pathogenicity tests. The correlation analysis among three pathogenicity tests and other factors demonstrated that durable resistance depended on the average of diseased leaf area and the number of compatible pathogens. Significant correlations were found in the nursery test but not in the field test result. In addition, we traced changes in the pathogen population during sequential planting stages through re-isolation of the pathogen. The portion of compatible pathogens was increased during sequential planting. Through this study, we provide an effective sequential planting method and direction of durable resistance in a breeding program.