• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.514-525
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• 2006

Statement of problem: The color change of final restoration resulting from resin cement is variable since the amount of the tooth is prepared is minimum. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the color accuracy of try-in paste and their corresponding resin cements and the color stability of restoration intermediated resin cement according to two shades of three products(Rely-X. Variolink II. Choice). Material and method: Color was measured for porcelain disk sample without try-in paste, and porcelain disk sample intermediated by try-in paste and resin cement, then color differences were calculated. Results : 1. Color difference(${\Delta}E^*$) between try-in paste and resin cement showed the lowest value at Variolink II and increased in the order Choice and Rely-X statistically significant, and $?E^*$ of three resin cements was greater in A3 then A1. 2. The values of ${\Delta}L^*$ and ${\Delta}a^*$ between try-in paste and resin cement was in the increasing order of Variolink II, Choice and Rely-X. The ${\Delta}b^*$ value was increased in this order Choice, Rely-X and Variolink II in A1 on the other hand Variolink II, Rely-X and Choice in A3. 3. Color difference(${\Delta}E^*$) before and after resin cement showed the lowest value at Variolink II and increased in the order Rely-X and Choice. Conclusion : Above result revealed that the colors of try-in paste and resin cement were more or less accurate in the range of 0.35-1.95 of color difference which was unnoticeable with human eye, and Variolink II was superior to the other resin cements in color accuracy.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.205-210
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• 2018

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of a gas-phase fluorination method under different fluorination periods through using two resin cements. MATERIALS AND METHODS. 84 zirconia specimens in dimensions of $5mm{\times}5mm{\times}2mm$ were prepared and surface treated with $50{\mu}m$ aluminum oxide particles or gas phase fluorination for 2 min, 5 min, or 10 min. One specimen in each group was surface analyzed under scanning electron microscope. The remaining specimens were bonded to composite cylinders in dimensions of 2 mm diameter and 3 mm high with Panavia SA Plus or Variolink N. Then, the specimens were stored in $37^{\circ}C$ distilled water for 24 hours and shear bond strength test was applied at a speed of 1 mm/min. RESULTS. The highest shear bond strength values were observed in the samples fluorinated for 5 minutes and cemented with Panavia SA Plus. Variolink N did not elicit any statistical differences between surface treatments. Panavia SA Plus resin cement and Variolink N resin cements featured statistically significant difference in shear bond strength values only in the case of 5 minutes of fluorination treatment. CONCLUSION. According to the results of this study, application of 5 minutes of fluorination with 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate monomer (MDP) containing Panavia SA Plus resin cement increased the resin bond strength of zirconia. Fluorination of the zirconia surface using conventional resin cement, Variolink N, did not lead to an increase in bond strength.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.132-143
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• 1997

Recently composite resin luting cement have been widely used according as esthetic requirement was increased. The purpose of this study was to evaluate of shear bond strength of four resin cements to bovine dentin. The materials used in this study were All-Bond 2(dentin bonding agent), Duolink cement, Bistite resin cement, Twinlook cement, Clearfil CR inlay cement. A total 40 acrylic cylinders with bovine dentin were divided into four groups. Four experimental groups were as follows; Group l(AB) : Specimens bonded with All-Bond 2 and Duolink Cement Group 2(BT) : Specimens bonded with Bistite Resin Cement Group 3(TL) : Specimens bonded with Twinlook Cement Group 4(CR) : Specimens bonded with Clearfil CR Inlay Cement Mter 1 hour of bonding, all specimens were stored for 24 hours in water at $37^{\circ}C$ and tested with Instron universal testing machine between bovine dentin and resin cements. The data were evaluated statistically at the 95% confidence level with a one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's range statistics. The following results obtained; 1. The group l(AB) was highest shear bond strength and the group 3(TL) was 10west(p>0.05). 2. Group 2(BT), 4(CR) were similar shear bond strength and there was no significant difference(p<0.05). 3. Group 1(AB), 4(CR) with acid etching were showed resin tags on the opened dentinal tubules, but Group 2(BT), 3(TL) without acid etching were not showed resin tags. 4. Group l(AB) was showed intimate adaptation than other groups.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.379-386
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• 2003

Statement of problem. Resin cements are widely used in adhesive dentistry specially on all ceramic restorations. It is needed to find out adequate bonding strength between different porcelain surface treatments, commercially available porcelains, and different resin cement systems. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate shear bond strength of resin cements bonded to porcelains in three different modalities; 5 different porcelain surface treatments, 3 different resin cement systems and 3 different commercially available pressable porcelains. Material and Method. This study consisted of 3 parts. Part I examined the effect of five different surface treatments on the pressable porcelain. Fifty discs (5 mm in diameter and 3 mm in height) of Authentic porcelain were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 10). The specimens were sanded with 320 grit SiC paper followed by 600 grit SiC paper. The specimens were treated as follow: Group 1-Sandblasting (aluminum oxide) only, Group 2 - sandblasting/ silane, Group 3 - sandblasting/ acid etching/ silane, Group 4 - acid etching only, Group 5 - acid etching/ silane. Part II examined the shear bond strength of 3 different resin cement systems (Duolink, Variolink II, Rely X ARC) on acid etching/ silane treated Authentic pressable porcelain. Part 3 examined the shear bond strength of Duolink resin cement on 3 different pressable porcelains (Authentic, Empress I, Finesse). All cemented specimens were stored in distilled water for 2 hours and tested with Ultradent shear bond strength test jig under Universal Instron machine until fracture. An analysis of variance(ANOVA) test was used to evaluate differences in shear bond strength. Result. The shear bond strength test resulted in the following: (1) Acid etched porcelains recorded greater shear bond strength values to the sandblasted porcelains. (2) Silane treated porcelains recorded greater shear bond strength values to non-silane treated porcelains. (3) There was no significant difference between sandblasting/ acid etching/ silane treated and acid etching/ silane treated porcelains. However those values were much higher than other three groups. (4) The shear bond strength with Variolink II was lower than the value of Duolink or Rely X ARC. (5) The shear bond strength of Finesse was lower than the value of Authentic or Empress I.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.493-504
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the compatibility between 4 dentin adhesives and 4 resin luting cements. Dentin adhesives used in this study were All-Bond 2 (Bisco Inc., Schaumbrug, IL, USA), Clearfil SE-Bond (Kuraray Medical Inc, Osaka, Japan), Prompt L-Pop (3M Dental Products, St. Paul, MN, USA), One-Up Bond F (Tokuyama corp., Tokyo, Japan) Resin luting cements used in this study were Choice (Bisco Inc., Schaumbrug, IL, USA), Panavia F (Kuraray Medical Inc, Osaka, Japan), RelyX ARC (3M Dental Products, St. Paul, MN, USA) Bistite II DC (Tokuyama corp., Tokyo, Japan). Combination of each dentin adhesive and corresponding resin cement was made to 16 experimental groups. Flat dentin surfaces was created on mid-coronal dentin of extracted mandibular third molars, then dentin surface was polished with 320-grit silicon carbide abrasive papers. Indirect resin composite block (Tescera, Bisco) was fabricated. Its surface for bonding to tooth was polished with silicon carbide abrasive papers Each dentin adhesive was treated on tooth surface and resin composite overlay were luted with each resin cement. Each bonded specimen was poured in epoxy resin and sectioned occluso-gingivally into 1.0mm thick slab, then further sectioned into $1.0{\times}1.0mm^2$ composite-dentin beams. Microtensile bond strength was tested at a crosshead speed of 1.0mm/min. The data were analysed by one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple comparison tests The results of this study were as follows, 2-step self-etching dentin adhesive which has additional bonding resin is more comparison than tests. self-etching dentin adhesive.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.132-138
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate curing degree of three dual-cure resin cements with the elapsed time in self-cure and dual-cure mode by means of the repeated measure of micro-hardness. Materials and Methods: Two dual-cure self-adhesive resin cements studied were Maxcem Elite (Kerr), Rely-X Unicem (3M ESPE) and one conventional dual-cure resin cement was Rely-X ARC resin cement (3M ESPE). Twenty specimens for each cements were made in Teflon mould and divided equally by self-cure and dual-cure mode and left in dark, $36^{\circ}C$, 100% relative humidity conditional-micro-hardness was measured at 10 min, 30 min, 1 hr, 3 hr, 6 hr, 12 hr and 24 hr after baseline. The results of micro-hardness value were statistically analyzed using independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons using Scheffe's test. Results: The micro-hardness values were increased with time in every test groups. Dual-cure mode obtained higher micro-hardness value than self-cure mode except after one hour of Maxcem. Self-cured Rely-X Unicem showed lowest value and dual-cured Rely-X Unicem showed highest value in every measuring time. Conclusions: Sufficient light curing to dual-cure resin cements should provided for achieve maximum curing.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.61-66
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• 2020

PURPOSE. The aim of the present study was to determine the degree of conversion of light- and dual-cured resin cements used in the cementation of all-ceramic restorations under different thicknesses of translucent (T) and high-translucent (HT) polymer-infiltrated ceramic-network (PICN) material. MATERIALS AND METHODS. T and HT PICN blocks were prepared at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mm thicknesses (n=80). Resin cement samples were prepared with a diameter of 6 mm and a thickness of 100 ㎛. Light-cured resin cement was polymerized for 30 seconds, and dual-cure resin cement was polymerized for 20 seconds (n=180). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used for degree of conversion measurements. The obtained data were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey HSD, and independent t-test. RESULTS. As a result of FTIR analysis, the degree of conversion of the light-cured resin cement prepared under 1.5- and 2.0-mm-thick T and HT ceramics was found to be lower than that of the control group. Regarding the degree of conversion of the dual-cured resin cement group, there was no significant difference from the control group. CONCLUSION. Within the limitation of present study, it can be concluded that using of dual cure resin cement can be suggested for cementation of PICN material, especially for thicknesses of 1.5 mm and above.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.33-54
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• 1995

The degree of conversion of composite resin was known to have influence on the mechanical properties of composite materials such as hardness, strength, wear resisitance, dimensional and color stability. Also unreacted monomer was reported to be harmful to the pulp. So the degree of conversion was a very important factor in the success of composite resin restorations. In recent, the dual cure resin cement was developed with the advocations that it could increase the curing rates in the sites where the curing ligt could not reach. Moreover many manufactors added some adhesive components in the resin cement. This study was undertaken to observe the effects of curing depth and light curing times on the degree of conversion of dual cure resin cements. CR INLAY CEMENT, DUAL CEMENT and OPTEC BOND, by the Fourier transform Infrared analysis, changing the curing depth 1mm, 2mm and 3mm, and varying the light curing time 20 seconds, 40 seconds and 80 seconds at each depth. The cytotoxicity of dual cure resin cements was tested by the in vitro MTT method using L929 cell. The results was evaluated and compared statistically. The results were obtained as follows : 1. The dual cure resin cements reavealed various degree of conversion, CR INLAY CEMENT and DUAL CEMENT had a tendency to be more reactive to the light cure and OPTEC BOND was a more chemical one. 2. CR INLAY CEMENT and DUAL CEMENT showed the lowest degree of conversion in 2 mm depth, and in 3mm depth the degree of conversion increased, which were due to the chemical cure of dual cures, but OPTEC BOND showed decreasing degree of conversion with increasing curing dept h and all experimental groups showed lower degree of conversion than CHEMICAL group which cured in dark room with no light, so the weak light-curing of dual cure resin cement prevented the chemical cure. (P<0.05) 3. CR INLAY CEMENT and DUAL CEMENT showed increasing degree of conversion in 1 mm and 3 mm, according to the increasing cure times, but in 2 mm depth the degree of conversion decreased with increasing light-curing times and OPTEC BOND showed contrary tendency, but there was no ststistical importance in the differences among the experimental group.(P>0.05) 4. The optical density by MTT assay of extractions of CR INLAY CEMENT, DUAL CEMENT and OPTEC BOND revealed no statitically important differences comparing with optical density of negative control.(P>0.05) 5. CR INLAY CEMENT showed a tendency of increaing cytotoxicity with days and DUAL CEMENT and OPTEC BOND showed higher cytotoxicity in 2 days than in 4 days, but there was no statistical importance in the differences.(P>0.05).

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.234-240
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• 2013

Objectives: This study evaluated the effects of intraradicular moisture on the pushout bond strength of a fibre post luted with several self-adhesive resin cements. Materials and Methods: Endodontically treated root canals were treated with one of three luting cements: (1) RelyX U100, (2) Clearfil SA, and (3) G-Cem. Roots were then divided into four subgroups according to the moisture condition tested: (I) dry: excess water removed with paper points followed by dehydration with 95% ethanol, (II) normal moisture: canals blot-dried with paper points until appearing dry, (III) moist: canals dried by low vacuum using a Luer adapter, and (IV) wet: canals remained totally flooded. Two 1-mm-thick slices were obtained from each root sample and bond strength was measured using a push-out test setup. The data were analysed using a two-way analysis of variance and the Bonferroni post hoc test with p = 0.05. Results: Statistical analysis demonstrated that moisture levels had a significant effect on the bond strength of luting cements (p < 0.05), with the exception of G-Cem. RelyX U100 displayed the highest bond strength under moist conditions (III). Clearfil SA had the highest bond strength under normal moisture conditions (II). Statistical ranking of bond strength values was as follows: RelyX U100 > Clearfil SA > G-Cem. Conclusions: The degree of residual moisture significantly affected the adhesion of luting cements to radicular dentine.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.77-84
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• 2017

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to compare the surface roughness of zirconia when using Zircos E etching system (ZSAT), applying a nitric acid-hydrofluoric acid compound as a pretreatment agent, and also to compare the shear bonding strength according to different resin cements. MATERIALS AND METHODS. ZSAT, air abrasion, and tribochemical silicacoating were applied on prepared 120 zirconia specimens (10 mm in diameter, 7 mm in height) using CAD/CAM. Each 12 specimens with 4 different resin cements (Panavia F 2.0, Rely X Unicem, Superbond C&B, and Hot bond) were applied to test interfacial bond strength. The statistical analysis was performed using SAS 9.1 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). The results are as follows: after application of the ZSAT on the zirconia specimens, surface roughness value after 2-hour etching was higher than those after 1- and 3-hour etching on SEM images. RESULTS. For Superbond C&B and Rely X Unicem, the specimens treated with ZSAT showed higher shear bond strength values than those treated with air abrasion and tribochemical silicacoating system. Regarding the failure mode of interface over cement and zirconia surface, Rely X Unicem and Hot bond showed cohesive failures and Panavia F 2.0 and Superbond C&B showed mixed failures. CONCLUSION. Zircos E etching system in zirconia restoration could increase its shear bond strength. However, its long term success rate and clinical application should be further evaluated.