• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.849-858
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• 2004

본 연구는 유화형 소시지에 유자과피 분말을 각각 0.3%, 0.6% 및 0.9% 수준으로 첨가하여 제조한 다음 소시지의 품질특성에 미치는 영향을 비교하고자 실시하였다. 소시지의 pH값은 유자과피 분말 첨가 소시지가 대조구에 비해 낮은 pH값을 나타내었고, 유자과피 분말 0.9% 첨가 소시지가 대조구와 유자과피 분말 0.3과 0.6% 첨가 소시지에 비해 낮은 pH 값을 나타내었다. 소시지의 명도와 적색도 값은 유자과피 분말 첨가 소시지와 대조구와 유사한 값을 나타내었고, 대조구가 유자과피 분말 0.6%와 0.9% 첨가 소시지보다 명도 값은 현저하게 높았다. 황색도 값은 유자과피 분말 첨가 소시지가 대조구에 비해 높았고, 유자과피 분말 첨가 수준이 증가함에 따라 황색도 값은 현저하게 증가하였다. 지방산화도를 나타내는 TBARS는 저장 1일에는 대조구와 유자과피 분말 첨가소시지간에 차이를 보이지 않았고, 저장 20일 이후에는 유자과피 분말 0.9% 첨가 소시지가 대조구에 비해 현저하게 낮은 지방산화도 값을 나타내었다. 잔존 아질산염 함량은 유자과피 분말 첨가 소시지가 대조구에 비해 낮았고, 유자과피 분말 0.9% 첨가 소시지가 대조구와 유자과피 분말 0.3과 0.6% 첨가 소시지에 비해 현저하게 낮은 잔존 아질산염 함량을 나타내었다. 조직특성에서 단단함 정도를 나타내는 경도는 유자과피 분말 첨가 소시지가 대조구에 비해 높았고, 유자과피 분말 첨가 수준이 증가함에 따라 경도 값도 현저하게 증가하였다. 응집성, 탄력성 및 점착성(뭉침성)은 대조구가 유자과피 분말 첨가 소시지에 비해 높았다. 이상에서, 유자과피 분말을 함유한 유화형 소시지는 pH, 색도, 조직특성에서 대조구와 차이를 보였으며, 소시지의 지방산화를 지연시키고 잔존 아질산염 함량을 낮추는 기능성 육제품 생산이 가능하다고 사료된다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.637-641
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• 2008

이 연구는 과염소산염 제거를 위하여 정수처리장에서 적용 가능한 맞춤분말활성탄 제조와 활성탄 종류에 따른 제거효율 은 비교하기 위하여 수행하였다. Cetyltrimethylammoniumchloride(CTAC)를 이용하여 활성탄에 흡착 전처리하면 과염소산염을 효과적으로 제거 할 수 있었다. 10,000 mg/L 맞춤분활성탄은 농도 5,000 mg/L CTAC 용액 500 mL에 5 g의 분말활성탄을 혼합하여 제조하였다. 맞춤분말활성탄을 이용하면 일반 분말활성탄에 비해 10 이상 높은 과염소산염 제거가 가능하였다. 맞춤 분말활성탄을 이용하여 과염소산염 제거 시 초기 접촉시간 15분은 접촉시간에 따라 잔류 과염소산염의 농도가 줄어들었으나 15분 이후에는 잔류농도의 변화가 거의 없었다. 맞춤분말활성탄 조제 시 활성탄의 요오드가에 따라서 과염소산염 제거능이 달랐는데 요오드가 1,083 mg/g 활성탄은 요오드가 944 mg/g 활성탄에 비해 4배 이상 높은 과염소산염 제거능을 보였다. 일반적으로 정수장에서 주입 가능한 분말활성탄 농도인 5 mg/L 범위의 맞춤분말활성탄 주입농도에서 50 $\mu$g/L의 과염소산염 농도를 15 $\mu$g/L까지 저감 가능하였다.

• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.102-108
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• 2023

A Chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking (CISCC) of austenite stainless steel in dry cask storage system (DCSS) can occur with extending service time than originally designed. Cold spray coating (CSC) not only form a very dense microstructure that can protect from corrosive environments, but also can generate compressive stress on the surface. This characteristic of CSC process is very helpful to increase the resistance for CISCC. CSC with several powders, such as 304L, 316L and Ni can be optimized to form very dense coating layer. In addition, the impact energy generated as the CSC powder collides with the surface of base metal at a speed of Mach 2 or more can remove the residual tensile stress of welding area and serve the compress stress. CSC layers include no oxidation and no contamination with under 0.2% porosity, which is enough to protect from the penetration of corrosive chloride. Therefore, the CSC coating layer can be accompanied by a function that can be disconnected from the corrosive environment and an effect of improving the residual stress that causes CISCC, so the canister's CISCC resistance can be increased.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.33-37
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• 2002

착체중합법을 이용하여 $SrA1_2O_4:Eu^{2+}$ 인광체 분말을 합성하고 분말특성과 발광특성을 고상반응법으로 제조한 것과 비교하였다. 착체중합법에서는 $SrA1_2O_4:Eu^{2+}$분말이 $900^{\circ}C$에서, 고상반응법에서는 $1200^{\circ}C$에서 합성되었다. 착체중합법으로 합성한 분말은 합성온도가 낮은 만큼 크기가 약 $0.1{\mu}m$로 고상반응에 의한 것의 1/10정도였으나, 탄소가 잔류하여 모상격자의 결정도가 낮아지고 순백색이 되지 못하였다. 두 분말 모두 상온에서 520nm 부근에서 최대 발광 피크를 나타냈으나, 착체중합법으로 합성한 분말이 약간 낮은 파장대에서 최대 피크를 보였으며 피크의 반가폭은 약간 크고 강도는 크게 감소하였다. 이러한 발광 특성의 변화는 주로 입경의 차이에 의한 것이나 잔류탄소도 영향을 미친 것으로 사료되었다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.166-171
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• 2005

Fe-6Al-9Si(N) alloy powders were synthesized by hybrid process of chemical nitrification and mechanical milling. The nitriding treatment on Fe-6Al-9Si alloy powders formed $\gamma'-Fe_4N$ phase on the powders surface. The nitriding-treated powders were pulverized by horizontal high-energy ball milling machine. The longer ball milling time tended to reduce the size of alloy powders. In ball milling for 36h, extremely fine powders with about $7\~9wt\%$ nitrogen were obtained. Through X-ray diffraction analysis on the powders, it was found out that the longer milling time caused a disappearance of the crystallinity of $\alpha-Fe$ in the powders. TEM study confirmed that the powders is comprised of a few tens nano-meter sized crystals, including $\alpha-Fe$ phase with partially $\gamma'-Fe_4N$ phase. Hysteresis curves of the synthesized powders measured by VSM revealed lower saturation magnetization and higher coercivity, which seemed to be attributed to nitrogen-impregnation and severe residual stress developed during the high energy milling. Microstructure observation on the powder annealed at 873 K for 1 h showed 10 to 20 nm sized $\alpha-Fe$ crystal. Such a enhanced crystallinity significantly increased the magnetization and decreased the coercivity, which was attributed to not only the crystallinity but also residual stress relaxation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.1753-1761
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• 2013

The individual and interactive effects of Schisandra chinensis powder (SCP) and sodium nitrite additions on color, pH, water holding capacity, residual nitrite, 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), volatile basic nitrogen, texture properties, fatty acids, amino acids and sensory evaluation of cooked pork sausages were investigated after 20 d of storage at $4^{\circ}C$. The powders (0, 0.5 and 1.0%) were added to sausages either alone or in combination with nitrite (0 and 100 ppm). SCP added-sausages showed lower $L^*$ (lightness) and W (whiteness) values, and higher $b^*$ (yellowness) values than sausage containing no nitrite, and exhibited the highest $a^*$ values at a 0.5% addition (p<0.05). Residual nitrite and TBARS values were found to be significantly reduced as the addition levels of SCP increased (p<0.05). As the addition of SCP increased, the sausage showed gradually decreased brittleness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess and chewiness, while adhesiveness increased. Polyunsaturated fatty acid, n-6 and n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio concentrations were significantly higher in sausages containing SCP (p<0.05). The addition of SCP to sausage significantly (p<0.05) increased the ammonia content (by 0.5% SCP) and aromatic amino acid concentrations (by 1.0% SCP) (p<0.05). Inclusion of SCP in sausage meat resulted in a significant deterioration in quality characteristics of flavor, springiness, juiciness and overall acceptability (p<0.05). As expected, the observed changes in $a^*$, W, pH, shear force, texture property, TBARS, fatty acid, amino acid and sensory score of sausages, depended on the rate of addition of nitrite (p<0.05). These results suggest that SCP addition is not an effective way of improving the sensory evaluation of sausages, but may beneficially affect TBARS, nitrite scavenging activity, fatty acid and amino acid content in pork sausages.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.219-225
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• 2022

An alternative fabrication method for carburizing steel using spark plasma sintering (SPS) is investigated. The sintered carburized sample, which exhibits surface modification effects such as carburizing, sintered Fe, and sintered Fe-0.8 wt.%C alloys, is fabricated using SPS. X-ray diffraction and micro Vickers tests are employed to confirm the phase and properties. Finite element analysis is performed to evaluate the change in hardness and analyze the carbon content and residual stress of the carburized sample. The change in the hardness of the carburized sample has the same tendency to predict hardness. The difference in hardness between the carburized sample and the predicted value is also discussed. The carburized sample exhibits a compressive residual stress at the surface. These results indicate that the carburized sample experiences a surface modification effect without carburization. Field emission scanning electron microscopy is employed to verify the change in phase. A novel fabrication method for altering the carburization is successfully proposed. We expect this fabrication method to solve the problems associated with carburization.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.152-162
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• 2024

The directed energy deposited (DED) alloys show higher hardness values than the welded alloys due to the finer microstructure following the high cooling rate. However, defects such as microcracks, pores, and the residual stress are remained within the DED alloy. These defects deteriorate the wear behavior so post-processing such as heat treatment and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) are applied to DED alloys to reduce the defects. HIP was chosen in this study because the high pressure and temperature uniformly reduced the defects. The HIP is processed at 1150℃ under 100 MPa for 4 hours. After HIP, microcracks are disappeared and porosity is reduced by 86.9%. Carbides are spherodized due to the interdiffusion of Cr and C between the dendrite and interdendrite region. After HIP, the nanohardness (GPa) of carbides increased from 11.1 to 12, and the Co matrix decreased from 8.8 to 7.9. Vickers hardness (HV) decreased by 18.9 % after HIP. The dislocation density (10^-2/m²) decreased from 7.34 to 0.34 and the residual stress (MPa) changed from tensile 79 to a compressive -246 by HIP. This study indicates that HIP is effective in reducing defects, and the HIP DED Stellite 6 exhibits a higher HV than welded Stellite 6.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.896-902
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• 2015

본 연구는 유화형 돈육소시지 제조에 첨가되는 아질산염을 대체할 목적으로 천연색소로 알려진 레드비트 분말을 첨가하여 돈육소시지의 이화학적 특성에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보고자 실시하였다. 총 5개의 처리구로 제조를 하였으며, C (아질산염 0.01%), T1 (아질산염 0.005% + 레드비트 분말 0.5%), T2 (아질산염 0.005% + 레드비트 분말 0.25%), T3 (레드비트 분말 0.5%), T4 (레드비트 분말 0.25%)로 처리하여 10±1℃에서 6주간 저장하면서 실험을 실시하였다. 명도는 Control이 유의적으로 높았고, 적색도는 T1이 높았으며, 황색도는 T3와 T4가 높았다. pH는 T3와 T4가 유의적으로 낮은 경향을 보였다. VBN은 처리구간별 유의적 차이가 없었다. DPPH 결과는 0주차에서 T1과 T3가 유의적으로 높은 경향을 보였으며, 2주차에서 T1이 높았고, 4주와 6주차에서는 T3가 높았다. 또한, 잔존아질산이온 결과는 Control이 저장 6주 동안 유의적으로 높았고, T3와 T4는 낮은 결과를 나타내었다. 따라서, 본 실험 결과에 의하면 레드비트 분말의 첨가는 유화형 돈육소시지의 품질을 감소시키지 않으면서 아질산염의 첨가를 줄일 수 있을 것으로 판단되었으며 항산화활성에 효과를 나타내는 것으로 사료되었다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.293-300
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• 2021

We investigate the effect of phosphorous content on the microstructure and magnetic properties of Fe_83.2Si_5.33-0.33xB_10.67-0.67xP_xCu_0.8 (x = 1-4 at.%) nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloys. The simultaneous addition of Cu and P to nanocrystalline alloys reportedly decreases the nanocrystalline size significantly, to 10-20 nm. In the P-containing nanocrystalline alloy, P atoms are distributed in an amorphous residual matrix, which suppresses grain growth, increases permeability, and decreases coercivity. In this study, nanocrystalline ribbons with a composition of Fe_83.2Si_5.33-0.33xB_10.67-0.67xP_xCu_0.8 (x = 1-4 at.%) are fabricated by rapid quenching melt-spinning and thermal annealing. It is demonstrated that the addition of a small amount of P to the alloy improves the glass-forming ability and increases the resistance to undesirable Fe_x(B,P) crystallization. Among the alloys investigated in this work, an Fe_83.2Si₅B₁₀P₁Cu_0.8 nanocrystalline ribbon annealed at 460℃ exhibits excellent soft-magnetic properties including low coercivity, low core loss, and high saturation magnetization. The uniform nanocrystallization of the Fe_83.2Si₅B₁₀P₁Cu_0.8 alloy is confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis.