• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.713-732
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• 2008

Serviceability and durability of the concrete members can be seriously affected by the corrosion of steel rebar. Carbonation front and or chloride ingress can destroy the passive film on rebar and may set the corrosion (oxidation process). Depending on the level of oxidation (expansive corrosion products/rust) damage to the cover concrete takes place in the form of expansion, cracking and spalling or delamination. This makes the concrete unable to develop forces through bond and also become unprotected against further degradation from corrosion; and thus marks the end of service life for corrosion-affected structures. This paper presents an analytical model that predicts the weight loss of steel rebar and the corresponding time from onset of corrosion for the known corrosion rate and thus can be used for the determination of time to cover cracking in corrosion affected RC member. This model uses fully the thick-walled cylinder approach. The gradual crack propagation in radial directions (from inside) is considered when the circumferential tensile stresses at the inner surface of intact concrete have reached the tensile strength of concrete. The analysis is done separately with and without considering the stiffness of reinforcing steel and rust combine along with the assumption of zero residual strength of cracked concrete. The model accounts for the time required for corrosion products to fill a porous zone before they start inducing expansive pressure on the concrete surrounding the steel rebar. The capability of the model to produce the experimental trends is demonstrated by comparing the model's predictions with the results of experimental data published in the literature. The effect of considering the corroded reinforcing steel bar stiffness is demonstrated. A sensitivity analysis has also been carried out to show the influence of the various parameters. It has been found that material properties and their inter-relations significantly influence weight loss of rebar. Time to cover cracking from onset of corrosion for the same weight loss is influenced by corrosion rate and state of oxidation of corrosion product formed. Time to cover cracking from onset of corrosion is useful in making certain decisions pertaining to inspection, repair, rehabilitation, replacement and demolition of RC member/structure in corrosive environment.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.78-85
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• 2012

Poly-Monochloro-Para-Xylylene (Parylene-C)과 알루미늄 박막과의 접착력을 향상시키기 위하여 Duoplasmatron 이온원을 이용하여 발생시킨 아르곤 이온과 산소 이온을 Parylene-C 표면에 각각 조사하였다. 이온조사 시 이온에너지는 1 kV로 고정하였고 이온조사량은 $5{\times}10^{14}$에서 $1{\times}10^{17}/cm^2$까지 변화시켰다. 아르곤 이온과 산소 이온을 조사한 Parylene-C 박막의 물과의 접촉각은 초기 $78^{\circ}$에서 각각 $17^{\circ}$와 $9^{\circ}$까지 감소하였다. X선 광전자 스펙트럼을 이용하여 Parylene-C 표면에 이온빔 조사에 의하여 친수성 그룹이 형성되었음을 알 수 있었으며, 이 친수성 그룹들은 C-O 결합, C=O 결합 그리고 (C=O)-O 결합에 의한 것임을 알 수 있었다. Al 박막과 ${O_2}^+$ 이온에 의해 표면 개질된 Parylene-C 박막과의 접착력을 평가하기 위하여 cross cut tape test를 실시한 결과 접착력은 이온조사량이 증가할수록 향상됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.781-788
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• 2009

강-콘크리트 계면의 성질을 대표하는 부착강도, 부착 및 비부착 마찰계수, 부착 및 비부착 마찰계수의 연화영역에서 잔류량의 크기, 모드 I 파괴에너지, 부착 및 비부착 모드 II 파괴에너지, 파괴포락선의 형상계수를 포함한 총 9개 계면상수의 값을 계면거동실험결과와 파괴포락선의 기하학적 형상 및 구성모델을 이용하는 민감도 해석을 통해 결정하였다. 계면의 거동이 계면의 부착상태뿐만 아니라 계면법선방향 응력의 방향과 크기에 따라 매우 민감하게 작용하므로 계면상수 값의 결정에서는 이러한 구속압의 크기와 부착 및 비부착 계면조건을 고려하였다. 강재판 사이에 콘크리트가 타설된 강-콘크리트 계면실험체의 거동해석을 위한 계면유한요소해석을 결정된 계면상수를 적용하여 수행하였으며 실험결과와의 비교를 통해 상수값의 적정성을 검토하였다.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.144-156
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• 1999

Thermal Barrier Coating with Functional Gradient Materials (FGM-TBC) can play an important role to protect the parts from harmful environments in high temperatures such as oxidation, corrosion, and wear and to improve the efficiency of aircraft engine by lowering the surface temperature on turbine blade. FGM-TBC can increase the life spans of product and improve the operating properties. Therfore, in this study the evaluations of mechanical and thermal properties of FGM-TBC such as fatigue, oxidation and wear-resistance at high temperatures have been conducted. The samples of both the TBC with 2, 3, 5 layers (YSZ/NiCrAlY) to be produced by Air Plasma Spray method (APS) and the bulk TBC with 6 layers to be produced by Plasma Assisted Sintering method (PAS) were used. Furthermore, residual stress, bond strength, and thermal conductivity were evaluated. The average thickness of the APS was 500$\mu\textrm{m}$ to 600$\mu\textrm{m}$ and the average thickness of the PAS was 3mm. The hardness number of the top layer of APS was 750 Hv to 810Hv and that of PAS was 950 Hv to 1440Hv. The $ZrO_2$ coating layer of APS was composed of tetragonal structure after spraying as the result of XRD analysis. As shown in the results of the high temperature wear test, the 3 layer coating of APS had the best wear resistance at $800^{\circ}C$ and the 5 layer coating of APS had the best wear resistance at $600^{\circ}C$. But, these coatings had the tendency of the low-temperature softening at $300^{\circ}C$. The main mechanism of wear was the adhesive wear and the friction coefficient of coatings was increased as increasing the test temperatures. A s results of thermal conductivity test, the ${\Delta}T$ of the APS coating was increased as number of layer and the range of thermal conductivity of the PAS was $800^{\circ}C$ to $1000^{\circ}C$.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.149-158
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• 2010

현재 육상 노출 콘크리트 구조물의 보수 및 보강공법에는 많은 신기술이 개발되었고 연구도 많이 진행되고 있으나, 수중에 존치되어 있는 구조물, 즉 교각, 부두 잔교 및 강관파일과 같이 해수 및 수중에 잠겨 있으며, 지속적인 하중을 받는 콘크리트 및 강재의 보수보강 기술에 대한 연구는 많지 않다. 그러므로 이 연구에서는 해수나 수중에 있는 구조물의 보수 보강 공법에 사용할 수 있는 수중 에폭시를 개발하였고, 이 에폭시 재료와 보강섬유을 이용하여 수중용 FRP 복합재를 개발하였다. 개발된 재료의 성능을 검증하기 위하여 다양한 기초물성에 대한 시험을 수행하였다. 성능시험 결과, 개발된 에폭시는 수중에서도 풀림이 거의 없고 부유물질이 발생하지 않는다. 또한 수중이라는 제약 조건 속에서도 30,000 cps 이상의 높은 점성을 갖기 때문에 우수한 작업성을 보이며, 수중에서도 육상에서와 거의 유사한 2 MPa 이상의 부착성능을 발휘하는 것으로 나타났다. 내화학성 시험 결과에서도 중량변화율은 약 0.5~1.0% 이내로 측정되어 우수한 내염 저항성을 확인하였다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.556-575
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• 2001

For the improvement of denture fitness of changed residual ridge, denture liner can be used. Denture liner should be very stable physically in various environments of the mouth as well as be bonded strongly with denture resin. In this study. the specimens bonded with four kinds of soft denture liner and three kinds of hard denture liner were used to test the physical properties of the liners. All experimental groups were stored in $37{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ distilled water for 24hours, followed by thermocycling between $15^{\circ}C$ and $45^{\circ}C$ with 15 second dwell time. 1000, 2000, 3000 cycles of thermocycling were excuted and physical properties were measured by Instron Universal Testing Machine. The obtained results were as follows : 1. In tensile bond test of sea liners, it was shown that both of $Molloplast-B^{(R)}$ specimens before and after thermocycling had the highest tensile strength, and in case of hard liners, Dura-Liner $II^{(R)}$ specimen had the highest tensile strength before and after thermocycling. Depending on thermocycling, $Soft-Relining^{(R)}$, $Denture-Relining^{(R)}$, $Molloplast-B^{(R)}$, $Coe-Soft^{(R)}$ and $Kooliner^{(R)}$ specimen showed significant difference(p<0.05). 2. In strain test of soft liners, it was shown that $Molloplast-B^{(R)}$ specimen before thermocycling and the $Coe-Soft^{(R)}$ after thermocycling showed highest results, and in case of hard liners, the Dura-Liner $II^{(R)}$ specimen before and after thermocycling had the highest result. Depending on thormocycling, $Denture-Relining^{(R)}$, $Molloplast-B^{(R)}$ and Dura-Liner $II^{(R)}$ specimen showed significant difference(p<0.05). 3. In maximum distance test of soft liners. the $Molloplast-B^{(R)}$ specimen before thermocycling and the $Coe-Soft^{(R)}$ after thermocycling showed highest results. and in case of hard liners, the Dura-Liner $II^{(R)}$ specimen before and after thermocycling showed highest result. Depending on thermocycling, $Denture-Relining^{(R)}$, $Molloplast-B^{(R)}$ specimens showed significant difference(p<0.05). 4. In elasticity test of soft liners, the $Molloplast-B^{(R)}$ specimen before and after thermocycling showed highest result. and in case of hard liners, the Dura-Liner $II^{(R)}$ specimen before thermocycling and the $Tokuso-Rebase^{(R)}$ after thermocycling showed highest results. Depending on thermocycling, $Soft-Relining^{(R)}$ $Molloplast-B^{(R)}$ specimens showed significant difference (p<0.05).