• KIEAE Journal
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2006

The apartment buildings now covers more than 50% of the total residential types in Korea and the urban residential area becomes increasingly congested with newly constructed high-rise apartment buildings. Judicial precedents require, for securing the solar rights in the residential area, that the consecutive sunshine duration should be at least two hours from 9:00 to 15:00 or the accumulative sunshine duration should be at least four hours from 8:00 to 16:00 as of the winter solstice. Disputes are increasing, however, on infringed solar rights and view rights for the neighboring structures as cases occur where the requirement cannot be satisfied in congested residential areas. The sunshine duration scan be assessed by measuring it on the site of the dispute, but it is impracticable to actually measure it for every case on the winter solstice, only one day out of the whole year. At a trial, therefore, 3D computer simulation is used to calculate the sunshine duration and determine the extent of infringement for submission of the evaluation to be used as the basis of the judgment. The simulation, however, may have an error in its result up to the program characteristics and the accuracy of the input data such as the structure shape and height, the distance between structures, and the ground level. This study, therefore, used a self-developed VIEW program with Autodesk VIZ 2006 to provide a simulation method for solar access evaluation, and verified its efficacy by comparing the results with the actual measurements.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.70-78
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• 1997

The objective of this research is to study on the upper and lower layer temperature, interface height and pressure in case of carpet, chair, trashcan and wardrobe fires in a residential room by performing the theoretical and experimental studies. The theoretical results of the upper and lower layer temperature, the interface height and the pressure were qualitatively well coincided with the experimental results. The uniformly distributed fire in case of carpet showed that the ignition and the initial growth period were relatively short while the fully developed period was considerably long. The concentrated fires such as the wardrobe showed that the ignitions and the initial growth periods were relatively long. The interface heights were around 1m as the steady state. However, at the time of the maximum temperature, the interface height was lowered to 0.5m from the floor. The pressure variation in the fire room ranged between 0.1mmAq and 0.4mmAq, and the temperature reached the highest while the pressure was maximum.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.3-10
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• 1999

This study was designed to investigate the malnutrition rate with anthropometric indices for the nutrient intake of 74 children aged 4-12 years old in three child welfare institutions in Cheonan city. The average heights and weights of the children are much lower than the Korean average height and weight. The mean BMI is $17.0{\pm}1.53$. In terms of height-for-age, 16.0% of the samples belong to below -2 standard deviation from the mean of the reference group. In terms of weight-for-age, 16.0% of the children belong to below -2 standard deviation. In terms of weight-for-height, 4.0% of the children belong to below -2 standard deviation. The standard deviation scores(Wt/Age, Ht/Age) indicate negative signs for seventy to eighty percent of the children. This is due to the lower consumption of the important nutrients that children consumed and almost all nutrients much less than the recommended daily allowances. Special nutrition welfare policies and programs targcting child welfare institutions should be developed to provide adequate nutrition for children in residential care.

• 한국디지털건축인테리어학회논문집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.39-49
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• 2003

The height provisions, by the urban planning, describe the hightest height per width division, also define oblique line limitation by road without mentioning the highest per width division. Therefore this study will be a basic model for the standard of measuring the highest height per width division analysizing the propriety of current standard of oblique limitation. This technique is prepared to prevent the confusion and to complements the existing planning method. Therefore, it takes more time to establish this new method and to apply it to the existing condition. This study reviewed density control in District Units Plan, based on the guidelines of density, which included height, ratio of total floor to ground area, and land distribution. This study aims to provide efficient analysis by using current oblique limitation provisions Thus, proving the area rations of general residential areas are decreasing. Since the purpose of the District Units Plan is to avoid confusion and help ease the existing problematic conditions which have risen from the two above-mentioned conventional systems, further observation and research on these areas are necessary.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.11-17
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• 1997

화재시 실내의 경계면 선정에 관한 연구를 하기 위하여 쓰레기통, 의자, 카패트 및 소파의 화재실험 을 실제건물에서 수행하였다. 경계변의 선정을 하기위해서 화재실의 온도변화가 큰 지점은 여러 곳 온 도를 측정하고, 각 측정점의 온도를 시간과 높이별로 평균온도를 구한다. 또한 기본 측정점을 기준으로 화재실 전체구역에 대한 평변의 온도분포를 구하여 용도변화가 가장 큰 지점을 경계면의 높이로 정한 다. 이결과 어느 화재의 경우나 경계면이 뚜렷이 나타났고, 경계면 높이는 1[m] 근처에서 일정한 상태 값을 유지하였다. 다만, 최대온도를 나타내는 시간에는 경계면 높이가 O.25[m]내지 O.75[m]까지도 내 려왔다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.75-85
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• 2024

An intensive observing period (IOP) of heatwaves in the urban region of Seoul in the summer of 2023 was carried out to understand the changes in air temperature and road temperature induced by environmental conditions. The temperature observed at eight points with different urban environmental conditions was compared with the temperature by the KMA/AWS to analyze the characteristics of change in air temperature by height and the change in road temperature according to environmental conditions and road sprinkler. The comparison of the average temperature observed in different urban environmental conditions with the temperature observed at KMA/AWS showed that the air temperature in asphalt and open space sites was 0.7 to 2.3℃ higher and that the one in bus stops was 0.9 to 2.3℃ higher. In terms of temperature deviations depending on residential type, the temperature in highly populated areas was about 0.1 to 0.8℃ higher than that of apartment complexes. In addition, regardless of the size of a park, the temperature in the park was lower than the temperature in dense housing areas and apartment complexes. In asphalt and residential areas, the road temperature was higher than the temperature at a height of 150 cm, Conversely, road temperature was lower than air temperature in a shaded shelter and large park. In addition, after spraying a surface road, the road temperature immediately dropped by about 3 to 4℃; however, after about 20 minutes, it rose again to the previous road temperature. This change in road temperature appeared only for the temperature of 30 cm height.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.258-268
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• 2012

The bathroom is a space where humans fulfil certain daily needs, but for the disabled, it can be the most difficult space to use and may even be a cause of accidents and a source of danger. Previous studies on the bathroom have mostly proposed an ideal model of bathroom, but the majority of disabled people live in small homes of about $50m^2$ in size. As their bathrooms are usually very small, and existing houses have various structural limitations, more research should be conducted on the remodeling of residential bathrooms. This study analyzed a number of remodeling items in bathrooms, all of which were listed in previous studies. Based on 17 cases of residential bathroom remodeling in the homes of disabled people residing in Incheon in 2009, this study analyzed several remodeling items required according to the subject's characteristics, such as a lifestyle, gender, and family composition; and proposed the following remodeling requirements and improvement measures for ambulatory-disabled persons and sedentary-disabled people. First, as ambulatory-disabled people have lower-limb impairments, they required bathroom remodeling designed to improve their mobility in the bathroom. These subjects desired the installation of grab bars, as well as the elimination of floor level differences, the installation of non-slip flooring, a counter-top, a sink stand, and a shower holder whose height can be adjusted. Second, sedentary-disabled people move around in a sitting or crawling position, so many of them asked to eliminate floor level differences and vertically-installed bathroom furnishings. Basically, both people with ambulatory disabilities and people with non-ambulatory impairments requested the elimination of floor level differences and the installation of non-slip flooring and grab bars for the toilet and bathtub. They also asked for the heights of sinks, faucets, mirrors, shower holders, and cabinets to be adjusted to suit their needs.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2010

Spill light by street lighting is a kind of light pollution creating cozy night atmosphere, interfere visual private and cause insomnia at night. This study was to survey light trespass of the windows in residential buildings. According to outdoor lighting control guidance in Seoul, three different areas were selected to investigate the trespass light to windows. The results were as follows: 37% of the buildings of 386 buildings were influenced by street lighting, and 47% of windows were occurred light trespass. Therefore, the street lighting affected light trespass at night in survey area. The main reasons of light trespass were luminaire type, luminaire pole height, and street width. For protecting the light trespass to windows, it is necessary to non-cutoff fixture to full cutoff fixture by the street width.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.175-183
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to identify the actual condition of residential environment for the elderly residing in Daejeon. The data were collected through interviews and structured questionnaires. The sujects were 583 elderly people over the age of 65 in Daejeon. Sociodemographic characteristics, living characteristics, housing characteristics, neighborhood environment types, actual usage condition of neighborhood environment, relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and actual usage of neighborhood environment, actual condition of unit interior, were surveyed. The data were analyzed with frequency, percentage, χ²-test, mean using the SPSS package. The major findings were as follows. Features of unit interior which pointed generally were deterioration, soundproofing and size. Features of unit interior which need to be carefully planned were removal of height difference of entrance, removal of the thresholds, installation of emergency bell and room heating control facility. The facilities provided highly within the subject's residential environment were the eldery facility, church, hospital, bank, restaurant, beauty salon/barbershop, supermarket. and the facilities provided lowly were recreational facility, library, elderly school.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.605-613
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• 2003

In order to make use of the protection effect against wind by the vegetation, it examined whether it should make what vegetation form and arrangement using the 2-dimensional non-hydrostatic model. When the foliage shielding factor increases, it becomes hard to take in protection effect against wind in a residential section. When it makes height of vegetation high, it becomes hard to take in protection effect against wind with height. In the comparison in the case where vegetation high is gradually made low toward wind-stream from a vegetation, and the case of making it low gradually, although former tends to receive the protection effect against wind by the vegetation, attenuation of wind velicity becomes large. In the comparison in the case where foliage shielding factor and distribution of density of leaf are gathered gradually toward wind-stream from a vegetation. It has been understood to evaluate to height the influence that the vegetation multi-layer model by which the heat revenue and expenditure in the direction of the vegetation height is considered is used, and to characterize the vegetation group by the parameter setting.