• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1998년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.1150-1152
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• 1998

Recently, our electric industry confronts a structural change and high competiveness environment in the course of deregulation. Rapid growth in electricity demand, financial need for new power plant construction, and envionmental problems have led to search for more efficient energy production and energy conservation techmologies. Especially, residential and commercial buildings consumes 40% of electricity demands and building energies are increasing more and more in Korea. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the electricity use of commercial buildings by end-use. Also, we will use it as a basic informations of DSM potential evaluation and evaluation process based on different approach by sector and type of potential.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제63권5호
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• pp.644-651
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• 2014

The renewable energy system and the real-time pricing can provide the significant economic advantage for end-user of residential house. However, according to recent studies, high initial cost of renewable energy system such as photovoltaic (PV) system and lack of suitable load control methods adjusting electric power consumption in response to time-varying price are regarded as the major obstruction for introduction of renewable energy system and real-time pricing in residental household. In this paper, we propose automated optimal load control strategy which aim to achieve not only minimizing the electricity cost but also the increase in the utilization rates of PV generation power of residential PV house in real-time pricing environment. Simulation results show that our proposed optimal load control strategy leads to significant reduction in the electricity costs and increase in the utilization rates of power generated by PV system in comparison with the conventional PV house. Therefore, the proposed optimal load control strategy can provide more economic benefit to end-user.

• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.117-122
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• 2010

The solar cells and fuel cells power are being encouraged to reduce the environmental pollution and combat the global warming. And the electric generation hybrid system is usually more reliable and less costly than the systems that use a single source of energy. HOMER provides a platform to design and simulate the power system and then to choose the optimization results. Based on the electricity demand conditions during a year, this paper simulates with the HOMER and performs the monthly average electrical production and the most feasible economical case includes the net present costs and the annualized costs of the hybrid system components.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제30권A호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2010

Recently, Smart Grid is a emerging topic in power and communication industry. Smart Grid refers to a evolution of the electricity supply infrastructure that monitors, protects, and intelligently optimize the operation of the interconnected elements including various type of generators, power grid, building/home automation system and end-use consumers. In order to successful implementation of Smart Grid, energy management function will be the key factor that coordinates and optimally controls the various loads according to the operating condition and environments, and the load patterns in residential and commercial building will be required as fundamental element for load management. In this study, we collects many types of energy usage data of electric appliances, analyze their load curves, and make the general load patterns for electrical appliance.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.68-77
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• 2018

Regarding demand response (DR) by residential users (R-users), the users try to reduce electricity costs by adjusting their power consumption in response to the time-varying price. However, their power consumption may be affected not only by the price, but also by user convenience for using appliances. This paper proposes a methodology for appliance scheduling (AS) that considers the user convenience based on historical data. The usage pattern for appliances is first modeled applying the copula function or clustering method to evaluate user convenience. As the modeling results, the comfort distribution or representative scenarios are obtained, and then used to formulate a discomfort index (DI) to assess the degree of the user convenience. An AS optimization problem is formulated in terms of cost and DI. In the case study, various AS tasks are performed depending on the weights for cost and DI. The results show that user convenience has significant impacts on AS. The proposed methodology can contribute to induce more DR participation from R-users by reflecting properly user convenience to AS problem.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Business Review
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.19-38
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• 2018

The energy intensity of Nepal is economically not worthy, lacks eco-friendly and importantly not sustainable, and almost four times the average global energy intensity. Considerable efforts have been exercised to reduce the energy gap yet, it is still much to achieve. Nation priority on energy sector was envisaged with promulgation of investment friendly rules and law in hydropower and renewable technology even though, could not harness the sufficient energy. In amid of this acute energy crisis, the government launched the Nepal Energy Efficiency Programme (NEEP) with technical assistance from German International Cooperation (GIZ). Energy Efficiency (EE) practice is the most cost-effective method to reduce the supply and demand gap, reduce on greenhouse gases and pollution, and deter on import of petroleum products which finally improves on trade imbalance. This paper had proposed a framework of energy management team to promote energy efficient technologies in residential consumer. The energy management teams study the past records of energy use pattern of consumers and suggest appropriate technology for energy saving options. The paper provides some reviews of energy efficiency initiatives undertaken by the concern regulatory body which highlights the current status. The comprehensive knowledge acquired through exploratory research is implemented in this paper to identify the various barriers that domestic consumer is experiencing towards the active participation in energy efficiency program launched by the Government of Nepal.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

Hydrogen and electricity are expected to dominate the world energy system in the long term. The world currently consumes about 50 million metric tons of hydrogen per year, with the bulk of it being consumed by the chemical and refining industries. The demand for hydrogen is expected to increase, especially if the U.S. and other countries shift their energy usage towards a hydrogen economy, with hydrogen consumed as an energy commodity by the transportation, residential and commercial sectors. However, there is strong motivation to not use fossil fuels in the future as a feedstock for hydrogen production, because the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide is a byproduct and fossil fuel prices are expected to increase significantly. An advanced reactor technology receiving considerable international interest for both electricity and hydrogen production, is the modular helium reactor (MHR), which is a passively safe concept that has evolved from earlier high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) designs. For hydrogen production, this concept is referred to as the H2-MHR. Two different hydrogen production technologies are being investigated for the H2-MHR; an advanced sulfur-iodine (SI) thermochemical water splitting process and high-temperature electrolysis (HTE). This paper describes pre-conceptual design descriptions and economic evaluations of full-scale, nth-of-a-kind SI-Based and HTE-Based H2-MHR plants. Hydrogen production costs for both types of plants are estimated to be approximately $2 per kilogram.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.104-115
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• 2009

In case of residential fuel cell system, it is significant to stably supply heat and power to a house with high efficiency and low cost for the successful commercialization. In this paper, the control strategy analysis has been performed to minimize the total cost including capital and operating cost of the residential fuel cell system. The proposed analysis methodology is based on the simulator including the efficiency models as well as the cost data for fuel cell components. The load control strategy is the key factor to decide the system efficiency and thus the cost analysis is performed when the fuel cell system is operated for several different load control logics. Additionally, annual efficiency of the system based on the seasonal load data is calculated since system efficiency is changeable according to the electric and heat demand change. As a result, the hybrid load control combined electricity oriented control and heat oriented control has the most economical operation.

• 한국HCI학회논문지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2017

전력 수요가 증가하고 재생 가능 에너지에 대한 관심이 증폭됨에 따라, 수요를 억제하여 필요한 공급량을 줄일 수 있는 '수요반응' 프로그램에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 본 연구는 가정에 스마트미터를 구비한 국내 사용자들을 대상으로 진행된 에너지 수요반응 실증사업에 대한 실증분석으로, 사전심층 인터뷰, 설문 및 기술수용모델 분석을 통하여 가정 전력 사용자들이 수요반응 프로그램을 받아들이는 데 중요한 요인들을 살펴본다. 수요반응의 목표는 피크시간대에 미션이 발령되면 전력사용량을 평소보다 줄이는 것이며, 실험대상은 스마트미터 구입 경로와 에너지를 절감했을 때 보상받는 방식에 따라 2개의 상이한 집단으로 구성되었다. 집단 A는 주로 IoT플랫폼 서비스에 가입하는 과정에서 마케터와의 대화를 통해 전체 서비스 중 하나인 스마트미터 서비스에 함께 가입하는 경로로 수요반응 프로그램에 유입되었고, 보상으로는 통신비 할인을 받았다. 반면 집단 B는 스마트미터를 자발적으로 구매하거나 에너지 자립 마을 지역주민으로서 지자체 지원을 통해 스마트미터를 지원 받아 프로그램에 유입되었고, 미션 성공에 대한 보상은 사회적 기부를 통해 이루어졌다. 분석 결과 집단 A는 인지된 용이성과 인지된 유용성 외에 인지된 유희성도 포함된 확장된 기술수용모델이 적합함을 알 수 있었고,집단 B는 모델의 적합도가 떨어지기는 하지만 집단 A에 비해 인지된 유용성에 대한 중요도가 높음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이와 같은 결과는 집단 특성에 따른 프로그램 설계방향을 제시하여 향후 수요반응 프로그램을 효과적으로 운영하는 데에 도움을 줄 것으로 보인다.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.519-547
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• 2017

본 연구는 지역 단위 도시가스 수요예측모형을 이용하여 전국 도시가스수요예측의 정확도를 향상할 수 있는지 여부를 살펴봤다. 지역별 수요예측모형을 구축하게 된 배경은 용도별 도시가스 수요의 행태가 분화되는 상황에서 자료의 제한으로 용도별 수요예측모형을 구축하기 어렵다는 것에 있다. 지역별 수요예측모형은 전국수요를 수도권과 지방으로 구분하여 별도의 예측모형을 구성하는 것으로, 시간변동계수를 갖는 공적분모형을 이용하였다. 지역모형에서 전국 도시가스수요예측은 지역별 수요전망치를 합산하여 산출하였다. 2013~2016년의 4년간 예측력 평가결과, 지역별 모형을 통한 전국 도시가스수요 예측이 전국단위 예측모형에 비하여 예측력이 전반적으로 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 지역모형에서는 수도권과 지방권 모형을 별도로 구축함으로써 해당 지역 수요의 특성을 반영한 예측모형이 가능했다. 수도권수요는 가정용수요 비중이 높아 기온에 보다 민감하게 반응하고, 전력수요와 경쟁관계가 있다. 이에 반해 지방권은 산업용수요 비중이 높아 전반적인 경기상황에 따른 수요변동이 크고, 수도권과 달리 벙커씨유와 LPG와 같은 산업용 연료와 대체관계를 보였다. 상기 결과는 성숙기에 접어든 도시가스산업에서 지역별 수요에 대한 세부적인 분석을 통해 전국 단위 수요예측의 정확도를 향상시킬 수 있다는 것을 보여주고, 이와 더불어 용도별 도시가수요 분석에도 유용한 정보를 제공할 것으로 기대한다.