• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.411-418
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• 2007

We studied the bottom morphology and sedimentary environments of the Masan Bay using high-resolution Chirp seismic profiles and sediments data. According to deep-drilled core samples (up to 20 m thick) penetrated into the weathered rock basement, the sediments consist largely of three sediment types: the lower sandy gravel facies (Unit I) of 1-4 m in thickness, the middle sandy mud and/or muddy sand facies(Unit II) of 1-2 m thick and the upper mudfacies (Unit III) of over 10 m in thickness. The sedimentary column above the acoustic basement can be divided into two major sequences by a relatively strong mid-reflector, which show the lower sedimentary sequenc e(T) with parallel to subparallel internal reflectors and the upper sedimentary sequence(H) with free acoustic patterns. Acoustic basement, the lower sedimentary sequence (T), and the upper sequence (H) are well correlated with poorly sorted massive sandy gravels (Unit I), the sand/mud-mixed sediment (Unit II), and the muddy facies(Unit III), respectively. The acoustic facies and sediment data suggest that the Masan bay is one of the most typical semi-enclosed coastal embayments developed during the Holocene sea-level changes. The area of the Masan Bay reduced from about $19\;km^2$ in 1964 to about $13\;km^2$ in 2005 by reclamation, and its bottom morphology changed as a result of dredging of about $2{\times}10^7\;m^3$.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.388-393
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• 2014

Energy consumption unit in a building is classified according to uses of electricity, gas, and oil, and it has been studied steadily as a material for establishing policy standards for energy saving in buildings. Meanwhile, consumption unit in apartment house can be calculated differently according to its survey method and area standard. Therefore, with the necessity of reestablishing energy consumption unit, this study has researched thermal energy consumption, Supply dwelling area Exclusive dwelling area, completion year and housing type of 23,791 households of 31 complex in Daejeon. As a result, (1) there was about 20% difference between supply and exclusive dwelling areas. (2) On the basis of exclusive dwelling area, thermal energy consumption unit was calculated as $104.9kWh/m^2{\cdot}a$ in 2010, $104.6kWh/m^2{\cdot}a$ in 2011, and $107.7kWh/m^2{\cdot}a$ in 2012.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2019.11a
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• pp.270-270
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• 2019

Although the Inertial Measurement Unit is applied to a variety of applications such as ships, submarines, and aircrafts, it is mainly used in the attitude measurement area. But since such equipment is expensive, it has been used only in special fields. In this study, the ship's seaworthiness is verified by measuring the speed, direction, gravity, and acceleration of the ship in real time using a low-cost Inertial Measurement Unit. A research method for estimating fIuid force coefficients was devised. Therefore, this study measured ship motion factors at sea, processed and analyzed the measured data, and evaluated the overall safety of the ship and estimated the resistance and steering performance of the ship.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.407-419
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• 2015

The unit load of paddy field was estimated by several methods and compared in this study. Four year field study was conducted at the paddy fields located in Yeongsan river and Sumjin river basins. The unit load was estimated by four methods; (1) averaging field monitored load; (2) NIER (National Institute of Environmental Research) method which use EMC(Event Mean Concentration) and runoff ratio of rainfall groups with rainfall weighting factors; (3)method using EMC determined by best fit probability distribution; (4)method using arithmetic mean EMC and runoff ratio. The result of this study showed that the unit loads of water quality constituents by field monitoring was similar to those of NIER method whereas those by probability distribution(log-normal, gamma) method were less than unit loads of NIER method. The unit loads by arithmetic mean EMC and runoff ratio were larger than those by NIER method. The unit load by NIER method showed higher BOD, COD, SS, lesser T-N, and similar T-P values when compared to unit loads determined by MOE in 1995.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.08a
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• pp.74.3-74.3
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• 2008

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.08a
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• pp.74.4-74.4
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• 2008

• Food Industry And Nutrition
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.8-12
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• 2017

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 1999

Hypersensitive cell death of plants during incompatible plant-pathogen interactions is one of the efficient defense mechanisms of plants against pathogen infections. For better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the plant hypersensitive response (HR), TMV-induced biotic plant cell death and CuSO4-induced abiotic plant cell death were compared in terms of expression patterns of ten different defense-related genes as molecular markers. The genes include five pathogenesis-related protein genes, two plant secondary metabolite-associated genes, two oxidative stress-related genes and one wound-inducible gene isolated from tobacco. Northern blot analyses revealed that a same set of defense-related genes was induced during both biotic and abiotic cell death but with different time and magnitude. The expression of defense-related genes in tobacco plants was temporarily coincided with the time of cell death. However, when suspension cell cultures was used to monitor the expression of defense-related genes, different patterns of the gene expression were detected. This result implies that three are common and, in addition, also different branches of signaling pathways leading to the induced expression of defense-related genes in tobacco during the pathogen- and heavy metal-induced cell death.

• BMB Reports
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.497-501
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• 1999

Biotinylation of recombinant proteins is a powerful tool for the detection and analysis of proteins of interest in a large variety of assay systems. The recent development of in vivo biotinylation techniques in E. coli has opened new possibilities for the production of site-specifically biotinylated proteins without the need for further manipulation after the isolation of the recombinantly expressed proteins. In the present study, a novel vector set was generated which allows the convenient cloning and expression of proteins of interest fused with an N-terminal in vivo biotinylated thioredoxin (TRX) protein. These vectors were derived from the previously reported pBIOTRX vector into which was incorporated part of the pBluescript II+phagemid multiple cloning site (MCS), amplified by PCR using a pair of sophisticated oligonucleotide primers. The functionality of these novel vectors was examined in this system by recombinant expression of rat transforming growth factor-$\beta$. Western-blot analysis using TRX-specific antibodies or peroxidase-conjugated streptavidin confirmed the successful induction of the fusion protein and the in vivo conjugation of biotin molecules, respectively. The convenience of molecular subcloning provided by the MCS and the effective in vivo biotinylation of proteins of interest makes this novel vector set an interesting alternative for the production of biotinylated proteins.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.82-86
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• 1998

The maltose binding protein (MBP) fusion protein system is a versatile tool to express and isolate recombinant proteins in E. coli. In this system, MBP fusion proteins are efficiently isolated from whole cell lysate using amylose conjugated agarose beads and then eluted by competition with free maltose. Since MBP is a rather large molecule (∼42 kDa), for further experiments, the MBP part is usually proteolytically cleaved from the fusion protein and subsequently removed by ion-exchange chromatography or rebinding to amylose columns after washing out excess and MBP-bound maltose. In the present study, we have developed an improved method for the removal of cleaved MBP, which is advantageous over conventional methods. In this method, factor Xa cleaved MBP fusion proteins were incubated with Sepharose beads conjugated with MBP specific monoclonal antibodies and then precipitated buy centrifugation, resulting in highly purified proteins in the supernatant.