• Korean Journal of Audiology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.105-111
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• 2014

Assistive listening devices (ALDs) refer to various types of amplification equipment designed to improve the communication of individuals with hard of hearing to enhance the accessibility to speech signal when individual hearing instruments are not sufficient. There are many types of ALDs to overcome a triangle of speech to noise ratio (SNR) problems, noise, distance, and reverberation. ALDs vary in their internal electronic mechanisms ranging from simple hard-wire microphone-amplifier units to more sophisticated broadcasting systems. They usually use microphones to capture an audio source and broadcast it wirelessly over a frequency modulation (FM), infra-red, induction loop, or other transmission techniques. The seven types of ALDs are introduced including hardwire devices, FM sound system, infra-red sound system, induction loop system, telephone listening devices, television, and alert/alarm system. Further development of digital wireless technology in hearing instruments will make possible direct communication with ALDs without any accessories in the near future. There are two technology solutions for digital wireless hearing instruments improving SNR and convenience. One is near-field magnetic induction combined with Bluetooth radio frequency (RF) transmission or proprietary RF transmission and the other is proprietary RF transmission alone. Recently launched digital wireless hearing aid applying this new technology can communicate from the hearing instrument to personal computer, phones, Wi-Fi, alert systems, and ALDs via iPhone, iPad, and iPod. However, it comes with its own iOS application offering a range of features but there is no option for Android users as of this moment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.194-198
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• 2004

The thermo-hydro-mechanical (T-H-M) process is one of major issues in the performance assessment of a high level waste (HLW) repository. An engineering-scale test was planned and its experimental set-up has being installed, to validate the T-H-M behavior in the buffer of a reference disposal system. The experimental set-up consists of 4 major components: the confining cylinder with its hydration water tank, the bentonite block, the heating system, and the sensors and instruments. The monitoring and data acquisition system is employed to control the heater to maintain the temperature of $95^{\circ}C$ at the interface of the heater and bentonite blocks and to collect signals from sensors and instruments installed in the bentonite blocks.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.97-105
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• 2004

1. To define 'Korean medicine industry' through study on existing medicine related industries, Korean medicine industry means all industrial activities related to Korean medicine. It covers material resources such as herbs and products made with herbs, medical instruments, Korean medical service and related information service based on Korean medicine theories. 2. According to Korea National Statistical Office standard industrial branch, Korean medicine industry was classified as a large branch. There were industries such as agriculture, food and beverage manufacture, publishing, copy of prints and record media, manufacture of compound and chemical products, medical service, manufacture of precise optical instruments, wholesale trade and product mediation, retail trade, restaurant, research and development, education service, health preservation service, entertainment, culture and sports industry related to the Korean medicine industry. 3. If we classify this according to the industry branch of English economists Clark, Colin Grant, herb cultivating industry will be classified as primary industry, manufacture of foot and beverage related to Korean medicine, secondary industry and wholesale and retail sales of herb, research and development, education, health preservation, social welfare, tertiary industries.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.137-145
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• 2004

The purpose of this research is to explore the possible relationship between the successful implementation of knowledge management technology and specific organizational culture orientations. Data used to test hypothesis derived for this research were obtained from 227 responders from the Organizational Culture Profile (OCP) survey instruments and 67 responders from the Knowledge Management Technology Profile (KMTP) survey instruments representing 26 separate organizations. The OCP provides a profile of an organization's culture orientations while the KMTP provides a profile of the organization's degree of the KM technology implementation success. The results of this research suggests that employees of organization which are more successful in implementing KM technology have identified organizational cultures that embody a healthy mixture of both production-oriented and people-oriented attributes indicative of the culture orientation.

• Proceedings of the CALSEC Conference
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• 2004.02a
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• pp.83-88
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• 2004

The purpose of this research is to explore the possible relationship between the successful implementation of knowledge management technology and specific organizational culture orientations. Data used to test hypothesis derived for this research were obtained from 227 responders from the Organizational Culture Profile (OCP) survey instruments and 67 responders from the Knowledge Management Technology Profile (KMTP) survey instruments representing 26 separate organizations. The OCP provides a profile of an organization's culture orientation while the KMTP provides a profile of the organization's degree of the KM technology implementation success. The results of this research suggests that employees of organization which are more successful in implementing KM technology have identified organizational culture that embodies a healthy mixture of both production-oriented and people-oriented attributes indicative of the [9,9] culture orientation.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.118-121
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• 2007

In recent years, the hyperspectral instruments with high spatial and high spectral resolution have become an important component of wide variety of earth science applications. The primary mission of the proposed Compact Airborne Imaging Spectrometer System (CAISS) in this study is to acquire and provide full contiguous spectral information with high quality spectral and spatial resolution for advanced applications in the field of remote sensing. The CAISS will also be used as the vicarious calibration equipment for the cross-calibration of satellite image data. The CAISS consists of six physical units: the camera system, the Jig, the GPS/INS, the gyro-stabilized mount, the operating system, and the power inverter and distributor. Additionally, the calibration instruments such as the integrated sphere and spectral lamps are also prepared for the radiometric and spectral calibration of the CAISS. The CAISS will provide high quality calibrated image data that can support evaluation of satellite application products. This paper summarizes the design, development and major characteristic of the CAISS.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.31-52
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• 2020

Purpose - This study mainly investigates two potential legal regimes expected to govern the use of electronic bills of lading: the Rotterdam Rules (2009) and the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records (2017). Widespread use of electronic bills of lading has been unsuccessful partly due to the absence of a uniform legal regime and protracted uncertainties. This paper aims to carry out an assessment of the possibilities where either of two potential legal regimes could provide certainty to the effect and validity of the use of electronic bills of lading, and contribute to the facilitation of electronically transferring the rights to goods carried by sea. Design/methodology - This paper first introduces two legal instruments and the relevance to electronic bills of lading. Since neither of these legal instruments has yet entered into force, the following section looks into the ratification or enactment possibilities based on a literature review and track records of the past legal regimes of the same kind. Assessment of the different adoption possibilities further requires comparative work of the two legal instruments, which will be based on an analysis of relevant provisions and a literature review. The literature review on the Rotterdam Rules delves into various studies and data produced since the UNCITRAL's adoption in 2009. The literature review on the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records heavily relies on UNCITRAL working group documents from 2011 to 2017 together with the final explanatory note. Findings - The main findings can be summarized as follows. Application of the Rotterdam Rules would negate the role of the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records assisting in the implementation of the Rotterdam Rules due to some conflicting issues. Enactment of the UNCITRAL Model Law alone can sufficiently provide a higher level of certainty in the use and effect of electronic bills of lading so long as lawmakers and parties are aware of some issues with the application. What concerns potential users most is the extension of the status quo, where neither of the legal instruments have any effect. It is necessary to take a number of alternatives into consideration, such as promotion of standard clauses and confirmation by a court ruling. Originality/value - Existing studies focus either on the Rotterdam Rules or on the UNCITRAL Model Law, but not both. Not many papers have yet dealt with the Model Law, which was adopted by UNCITRAL only 2 years ago, particularly in the context of a potential legal regime for electronic bills of lading. This paper attempts to introduce the differences between the two legal instruments in regulating the use of electronic bills of lading while providing an assessment of the various possibilities for which parties involved in international trade can be better prepared for the changing legal environment.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.197-204
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• 2018

PURPOSE. To determine the extent of treatment traces, the roughness depth, and the quantity of titanium nitride (TiN) removed from the surface of CAD/CAM abutments after treatment with various instruments. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Twelve TiN coated CAD/CAM abutments were investigated for an in vitro study. In the test group (9), each abutment surface was subjected twice (150 g vs. 200 g pressure) to standardized treatment in a simulated prophylaxis measure with the following instruments: acrylic scaler, titanium curette, and ultrasonic scaler with steel tip. Three abutments were used as control group. Average surface roughness (Sa) and developed interfacial area ratio (Sdr) of treated and untreated surfaces were measured with a profilometer. The extent of treatment traces were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS. Manipulation with ultrasonic scalers resulted in a significant increase of average surface roughness (Sa, P<.05) and developed interfacial area ratio (Sdr, P<.018). Variable contact pressure did not yield any statistically significant difference on Sa-values for all instruments (P=.8). Ultrasonic treatment resulted in pronounced surface traces and partially detachment of the TiN coating. While titanium curettes caused predominantly moderate treatment traces, no traces or detectable substance removal has been determined after manipulation with acrylic curettes. CONCLUSION. Inappropriate instruments during regular plaque control may have an adverse effect on the integrity of the TiN coating of CAD/CAM abutments. To prevent defects and an increased surface roughness at the transmucosal zone of TiN abutments, only acrylic scaling instruments can be recommended for regular maintenance care.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.32-40
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• 2023

Background: Equating is a statistical procedure used to create a common measurement scale across two instruments. Item-level information should be taken into consideration so that scores can communicate interchangeably across the instruments. Objects: To investigate a common measurement scale across two health-related quality of life questionnaires (HRQOL) applied to various cancer survivors who underwent palliative care in healthcare institutions. Methods: A total of 139 cancer survivors who underwent palliative care were recruited from two rehabilitation hospitals and an oriental medicine hospital. Participants consisted of various cancer survivors who presented to the sites for palliative care. They were asked to fill out Korean versions of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) and EuroQOL-5 dimension (EQ-5D) questionnaires following the palliative care. For the item level comparison, the Rasch rating scale model was used to investigate how participants regarded individual test items of two instruments in relation to item difficulty calibrations. Results: All items except the three items fit the Rasch model. One item (anxiety/depression) of the EQ-5D and two items (dependence on medical aids and negative feelings) of the WHOQOL-BREF are misfit. The WHOQOL-BREF targets the survivors well, while the EQ-5D is able to target the survivors with lower HRQOL levels with some ceiling effects. By inspecting the item difficulty calibrations of the two instruments, five items of the WHOQOL-BREF are selected as common items in relation to the EQ-5D. These five items are considered compatible with each other. Differential item functioning (DIF) analysis reveals that the healthcare item of the WHOQOL-BREF vs the self-care item of the EQ-5D exhibits significant DIF. Conclusion: Findings suggest that one paired item should be taken into consideration when equating the WHOQOL-BREF and the EQ-5D applied to cancer survivors who underwent palliative care.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.691-704
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the research trends and instruments for assessment of sleep quality in Korea. Methods: 66 quantitative research reports published from 2000 to March 2009 in Korea were selected from 5 databases: RISS4U, KISS, KISTI, DBpia, and the National Assembly Library and were analyzed according to criteria such as publication years, type of journal, participants, study fields, research design, participants, key words and instruments for assessment. Results: Research in sleep quality has been rapidly increasing in recent years. More than half of the research analyzed was conducted in nursing. The majority of research methods were survey and correlational research. Patients with chronic illness and the elderly were the major subjects in those researches. Most research was performed based on hospitals and communities. The types of variables tested for their relation and influence on sleep quality were quite limited. With respect to the instrument used for assessing sleep quality, most studies did not consider whether or not the validity of their instrument had been established. Conclusion: It is recommended to conduct clinically applicable interventional research with an experimental design and to develop a reliability and validity established sleep quality instrument for Koreans.