• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.231-232
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• 2018

• 한국인구학
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.5-44
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• 1996

여성, 특히 기혼여성의 사회적 참여는 해마다 증가하는 추세를 보이고 있으며, 이들을 좀 더 적극적으로 활용하려는 정책적 관심도 증대되고 있다. 그러나 기혼여성 노동력의 노동시장 참여를 걸정짓는 요인에 대한 분석은 매우 부진했으며, 특히 가사분담과 생애주기에 따른 가족내 재생산노동의 수요변화 등에 동태적인 변화에 대한 경험적 분석은 매우 미미하였다. 이 연구는 여성의 노동시장 참여에 관한 개인사적 자료를 활용하여 여성의 재생산노동과 생산노동간의 연관성, 그리고 생애주기에 따른 가족내 여성의 변화 등이 여성의 노동시장 참여에 미치는 영향에 관하여 사건사분석의 방법론을 활용하여 경험적인 분석을 행하였다. 한국여성개발원이 1991년도에 수집한 '제2차 여성취업실태 조사' 자료를 토대로 도시지역에 거주하는 여성들만을 대상으로 분석하였고, 분석방법으로는 횡단면자료를 중심으로는 로짓분석을, 취업과 비취업간의 전환에 대해서는 전환율을 종속변수로 하는 콕스회귀 분석을 시행하였다. 그 결과 여성의 노동시장 참여가 전반적인 증대에도 불구하고 나이, 코호트, 가족형성의 주기 등에 따라 상당한 편차를 나타내고 있다. 특히 결혼과 출산은 고용의 지속성에 강한 부정적 영향을 미치며, 가사노동과 육아 책임의 대부분을 여성이 부담하는 상황에서 가족내 재생산과 노동시장내 생산노동간의 상호교환관계(trade-off)가 존재함을 보여준다. 여성의 취업주기는 개인의 인적 특성과 가족형성기의 특징 이외에 전반적인 노동시장구조의 영향을 받고 있는 것으로 나타내는데, 특히 하층 저학력 여성의 전환과정은 신경제학적 개념이, 고학력 여성의 비취업으로의 강한 회귀현상은 신구조주의적 관점에서 이해되어야 할 사항이다. 이 연구의 결과는 여성의 노동시장 참여를 제고하고 취업의 질을 높이기 위해서는 가족형성주기와 연관된 여성들의 기회비용를 낮추는 방법, 예를 들면 다양한 탁아 및 보육시설의 설치, 차별적 고용관행의 폐지, 유연한 시간근무를 가능케 하는 다양한 파트타임제의 확대 등과 같은 정책이 필요함을 시사하고 있다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.191-199
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of anxiety and smartphone dependency on sleep quality in pregnant women with preterm labor. Methods: The participants of this study were 111 pregnant women who were between 20 and 37 weeks of gestation and experienced preterm labor. The data were collected from October 1, 2018 to October 25, 2019. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, and standard deviation), as well as the t-test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple regression. Results: Significant negative correlations were found between anxiety and sleep quality and between smartphone dependency and sleep quality. Participants' history of preterm birth, pregnancy method, bowel movements, anxiety, and smartphone dependency significantly affected sleep quality, with an explanatory power of 18%. Conclusion: In order to improve the quality of sleep, which is an important health-related factor for pregnant women experiencing preterm labor, it will be necessary to identify a history of premature birth, pregnancies achieved using artificial reproductive technology, bowel problems, and smartphone dependency in advance and to provide nursing interventions accordingly.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.82-90
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• 2012

Objectives: This study was performed to provide workplaces with political guidelines that apply international CMRs (Carcinogens, Mutagens, Reproductive toxins) information to Public Notice of TLVs (Threshold Limit Values). We analyzed information supply status about CMRs of international agencies and compared substances for which TLVs are set in KMoEL (Ministry of Employment and Labor in Korea). Methods: We referred to the reliable literature about classification criteria of CMRs corresponding to UN GHS (Globally Harmonized System of classification and Labeling of chemicals) and Public Notice No. 2009-68 'Standard for Classification, Labeling of Chemical Substance and Material Safety Data Sheet' in KMoEL. The classification system of CMRs in professional organizations (IARC, NTP, ACGIH, EU ECHA, KMoEL, etc.) was investigated through the internet and literature. Conclusions: 191 chemical substances among total 650 substances with TLVs are classified as carcinogens. Also, 43 substances classified as mutagens, and 44 as reproductive toxicants. These results suggest that the information of CMRs in Public Notice of TLV will be reorganized to 191 carcinogens, 43 mutagens, and 44 reproductive toxicants.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.35-43
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• 1981

In order to evaluate the clinical utilization and efficacy of X-ray pelvimeter, a study of selective information from 292 cases, who had clinical and X-ray pelvimetry, among 7346 single term deliveries in the years 1975 and 1978 was undertaken in Yonsei University Medical Center. The results revealed that there were no significant statistical difference between X-ray and clinical pelvimetry groups in terms of the outcome of labor and in regard to determining the pelvic size (p > 0.05). Most X-ray examination which caused significant fetal exposure were pelvimetries.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.429-437
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relaxant and anti-inflammatory effects of two thalidomide analogs as phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE-4) inhibitors in pregnant rat uterus. Uteri from Wistar female rats were isolated at 19 day of pregnancy. Uterine samples were used in functional studies to evaluate the inhibitory effects of the thalidomide analogs, methyl 3-(4-nitrophthalimido)-3-(3,4- dimethoxyphenyl)-propanoate (4NO2PDPMe) and methyl 3-(4-aminophthalimido)- 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-propanoate (4APDPMe), on prostaglandin-$F2{\alpha}$ ($PGF2{\alpha}$)-induced phasic, $K^+$-induced tonic, and $Ca^{2+}$-induced contractions. Accumulation of cAMP was quantified in uterine homogenates by ELISA. Anti-inflammatory effect was assessed by using ELISA for determination of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ ($TNF{\alpha}$) and interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, and anti-inflammatory IL-10, from uterine explants stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Nifedipine, forskolin and rolipram were used as positive controls where required. Both thalidomide analogs induced a significant inhibition of the uterine contractions induced by the pharmaco- and electro-mechanic stimuli. Nifedipine and forskolin were more potent than the analogs to inhibit the uterine contractility, but these were more potent than rolipram, and 4APDPMe was equieffective to nifedipine. Thalidomide analogs increased uterine cAMP-levels in a concentration-dependent manner. The LPS-induced $TNF{\alpha}$ and $IL-1{\beta}$ uterine secretion was diminished in a concentration-dependent fashion by both analogs, whereas IL-10 secretion was increased significantly. The thalidomide analogs induced utero-relaxant and anti-inflammatory effects, which were associated with the increased cAMP levels as PDE-4 inhibitors in the pregnant rat uterus. Such properties place these thalidomide analogs as potentially safe and effective tocolytic agents in a field that urgently needs improved pharmacological treatments, as in cases of preterm labor.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.42-53
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• 2020

Objective: Recently, microRNA (miRNA) has been identified both as a powerful regulator involved in various biological processes through the regulation of numerous genes and as an effective biomarker for the prediction and diagnosis of various disease states. The objective of this study was to identify and validate miRNAs and their target genes involved in inflammation in placental tissue. Methods: Microarrays were utilized to obtain miRNA and gene expression profiles from placentas with or without inflammation obtained from nine normal pregnant women and 10 preterm labor patients. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blots were performed to validate the miRNAs and differentially-expressed genes in the placentas with inflammation. Correlations between miRNA and target gene expression were confirmed by luciferase assays in HTR-8/SVneo cells. Results: We identified and validated miRNAs and their target genes that were differentially expressed in placentas with inflammation. We also demonstrated that several miRNAs (miR-371a-5p, miR-3065-3p, miR-519b-3p, and miR-373-3p) directly targeted their target genes (LEF1, LOX, ITGB4, and CD44). However, some miRNAs and their direct target genes showed no correlation in tissue samples. Interestingly, miR-373-3p and miR-3065-3p were markedly regulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment, although the expression of their direct targets CD44 and LOX was not altered by LPS treatment. Conclusion: These results provide candidate miRNAs and their target genes that could be used as placental biomarkers of inflammation. These candidates may be useful for further miRNA-based biomarker development.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.140-145
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• 2014

This article reports a case of spontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) following a thawed embryo transfer cycle. OHSS, a potentially life-threatening condition, is an iatrogenic complication of controlled ovarian stimulation; therefore, it is very important to prevent and treat OHSS during treatment with ovulation-inducing agents. Despite our efforts to prevent OHSS, in this case, severe spontaneous OHSS occurred, which resulted in uncontrolled preterm labor and a preterm delivery and also persisted for 6 weeks after delivery. Freezing all embryos cannot entirely prevent the development of OHSS because OHSS can occur spontaneously. Although spontaneous OHSS remains a rare event, females with a history of OHSS may have an elevated risk for spontaneous OHSS. We suggest closely monitoring cases of pregnancy following thawed embryo transfer for early diagnosis of spontaneous OHSS and the use of conservative management.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2012

Object: The aim of this study is to suggest a list of priority chemicals for the Hazard & Risk Evaluation of Chemicals (HREC) controlled by the Industrial Safety and Health Act (ISHA). Method: Screening assessment was done for 642 chemicals whose exposure threshold limit values were set by the Ministry of Employment and Labor (MOEL). Hazard data were collected from Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency (KOSHA) and/or other toxicity database. Exposure data were obtained from KOSHA internal database. The hazard and exposure scores of chemicals were listed by order of priority in accordance with GHS classification and exposure index data. Result: From the result of screening risk assessment for 642 chemicals, we extracted a list of 13 priority chemicals for HREC performed by the ISHA. A priority list of 27 chemicals which have carcinogen, mutagen and/or reproductive toxicity but not controlled by the ISHA was suggested for additional evaluation as "chemicals for special management".

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.347-360
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• 2017

Objectives: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate congenital malformations in infants conceived by assisted reproductive techniques (ART), compared with infants conceived spontaneously. Methods: In this study, available resources searched to find relevant articles included PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochrane, ProQuest, Iranmedex, Magiran, and Scientific Information Database. After extracting the necessary information from evaluated articles, meta-analysis on the articles' data was performed using Stata version 11.2. Results: In this study, from a total of 339 articles, extracted from the initial investigation, ultimately 30 articles were selected for meta-analysis that assessed the use of ART on the risk of congenital abnormalities and some birth complications on 5 470 181 infants (315 402 cases and 5 154 779 controls). The odds ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]) for low birth weight was 1.89 (95% CI, 1.36 to 2.62), preterm labor 1.79 (95% CI, 1.21 to 2.63), cardiac abnormalities 1.43 (95% CI, 1.27 to 1.62), central nervous system abnormalities 1.36 (95% CI, 1.10 to 1.70), urogenital system abnormalities 1.58 (95% CI, 1.28 to 1.94), musculoskeletal disorders 1.35 (95% CI, 1.12 to 1.64), and chromosomal abnormalities in infants conceived by ART was 1.14 (95% CI, 0.90 to 1.44), which were all statistically significant, except chromosomal abnormalities. Conclusions: The risk of congenital abnormalities and some birth complications were significantly higher in ART than normal conception, while chromosomal abnormalities were not; therefore, the application of ART should be selected individually for patients by detailed assessment to reduce such risks in the population.