• 복식
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• 제55권8호
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• pp.144-153
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to make a Web Color Data Base for practical design system for domestic fashion industry. The market segmentation was based on the results of the previous studies and the characteristics of fashion consumers. Finally, the 14,121 color samples are collected from the survey of 55 manufacturers of domestic fashion industry and 116 fashion brands of major department stores. These color samples are analyzed by the Munsell's H V/C and CIE L*a*b* value. The representative colors are selected concerning the density in CIE L*a*b* color space and the distance between the color samples. As a result, We suggested 2213 representative colors. Also, this color data was constructed on Web site. The data were sorted by the market, season and color code. In addition, the representative color sample book was made for the prototype of .

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.123-144
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• 2017

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate affection on how users perceive colors viewed from an automotive visual display according to cultural and radical differences including North America, Europe, and Southeast Asia. This study especially aims to identify effects of the variation of tone and chroma of representative color groups by analyzing affection differences depending on cultural and racial differences targeting the colors constituted through variation of tone and chroma, centered on representative colors. Background: The colors of the menu, information display or background viewed through an automotive visual display are an important factor stimulating consumer's affection, and therefore an effort to express the vehicle's brand and product image through colors is made. The studies on colors focus only on the research on unique characteristics of colors, but an affective approach lacks according to cultural and racial differences on colors considering tone and chroma variation within a color from the currently used automotive visual displays. Method: To grasp the visual affection felt by users, this study extracted affective adjectives related with colors through existing literature and a dictionary for adjectives, and presented human affection dimensions on colors through evaluation of various colors. Prior to carrying out affection evaluation, the basic light sources, red (R), green (G), and blue (B) constituting the colors used for automotive visual displays were defined as a representative color group, respectively. When colors in a color group are constituted, the evaluation target of each color group consisted of the colors considering the variation of tone and chroma by changing color sense through RGB values of the remaining two light sources. And then, this study carried out affection evaluation on the constituted colors targeting the subjects with cultural and racial differences. Results: As a result of evaluating the constituted colors with representative affections, there were statistically significant differences between the groups having cultural and racial differences. As a result of S-N-K post-hoc analysis on the colors showing significant differences, North America and Europe were classified as heterogeneous groups. In some cases, Korea was classified as the homogeneous group with North America, but Korea was mainly classified as the homogenous group with Europe. Conclusion: The representative affections on colors from an automotive visual display was drawn as three affective dimensions: passionate, neat, and masculine. Based on these, the affection of Korea and Europe on the constituted colors showed significant differences from that of North America, as a result of affection evaluation on the constituted colors viewed through the visual display by reflecting cultural and racial factors. Regarding representative color groups, bigger cultural and racial differences were revealed in terms of affection on red and green colors than on blue color, and variation of affection was the biggest in the red color. Application: This study analyzed correlations of affection considering the colors constituted through variation of tone and chroma, and the culture and race in the representative color groups constituting a visual display. The results of this study are predicted to be utilized in coordination and selection of colors viewed from an automotive visual display taking into account culture and race.

• 복식
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.160-170
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to analyze the image of color combination in fashion design. For this study 14,121 color samples were collected from 116 fashion brands selected by the market segmentation based on the results of the previous studies. The brands have high market share and brand recognition in each segmental market. The color samples were measured by spectrophotometer and analyzed by the Munsell's H V/C and CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ value. The representative colors of each market were selected concerning the tensity in CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ color space and the distance between the color samples. h4 a result, 2,213 representative colors were chosen. These color samples composed top and bottom color combination samples by the program 'Item Comparator' that calculated the color differences$({\Delta}E^*)$. Top includes the items such as blouse, shirt, and coats, bottom includes the items such as skirt and pants. The color combination samples were divided into two groups. In one group ${\Delta}E^*$ was less than 30, and In the other group ${\Delta}E^*$ was 30 or more. For investigating the image of color combination, 480 rotor combination samples were classified. The image adjectives for the survey from preceding studies and brand dictionaries were 'classic', 'modern', 'feminine', 'casual', and 'romantic', which have highly preferred in women's wear brands. The result of the study is as follows; For 'classic' 'image, YR, and greyish tone were generally preferred. In the color combination of 'casual' image, the samples with PB color and greyish tone were preferred. For 'feminine' image, RP was preferred as a top color, R, RP, P were preferred as a bottom color. For 'casual' image, PB was preferred as a top color, PB, B were preferred as a bottom color. For 'romantic' image, RP was preferred as a top color, R, P were preferred as a bottom color. The bigger the color differences between the color combination samples were, the more remarkable the image of color combination samples was.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2010

디지털 콘텐츠의 응용분야가 확산되면서 디지털 콘텐츠의 색상을 표준화하기 위한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 따라서 색상을 이용한 영상의 특징을 표현하는 방법도 표준화에 준한 연구가 필요하다. 또한 다양한 응용분야에 사용될 수 있는 색상 특징을 추출하는 방법도 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 디지털 표색계의 근간이 되는 먼셀좌표계를 기본으로 하여 기준색상을 50색상으로 정의하고 영상 내 색상의 분포 특성을 알 수 있는 히스토그램을 구하고 영상을 대표할 수 있는 대표색상을 추출한다. 제안 방법의 성능을 평가하기 위해 18개의 실험영상을 만들어 기존의 방법과 제안방법을 적용하였으며 일반영상에도 적용하여 그 결과를 분석하였다. 제안방법을 적용한 결과영상은 영상 내에 존재하는 색상의 분포 특성을 잘 나타내주며 대표색상으로 빈도가 집중함으로 영상의 대표색상을 이용하여 다양한 응용분야에 적용이 가능하다.

• KIEE International Transaction on Systems and Control
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• 제12D권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2002

In this study, we propose the new color-based image retrieval technique using the representative colors of images and their ratios to a total image size obtained through color segmentation in HSV color space. Color information of an image is described by reconstructing the color histogram of an image through Gaussian modelling to its representative colors and ratios. And the similarity between two images is measured by histogram intersection. The proposed method is compared with the existing methods by performing retrieval experiments for various 1280 trademark image database.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.607-616
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to develope a practical color range for the fashion industry in Korea. 3623 color sample used by 109 brands from'93 spring/summer to'96 spring/summer were collected. Also, the application frequency and consumer responses of each collected colorwere analyzed in this study. To clarify the characterstics of color range used in the fashion industry, density of color was etermined by color clustering based on A: and consumer responses. The resultsof this study were as follow; 1. The result analyzed based on the Munsell System revealed that the distributions of hue were concentrated in R, YR, Y, and PB. The chroma was concenturated mostly in the low range and the value, on the contrary, showed relatively even distribution. 2. 458 representative colors were selected by color clustering based on the toEless than 1. 0. In addition, the frequency of color applications and consumer responses were also considered when selecting the colors frequently used in the fashion industry and finals, 1163 colors wereobtained. The color range of the representative colors showed similar color characteristics with the 3623 colors supplied by the fashion industry. As a results, this approach was proven to appropriate to develope a color range for a practical use. 3. In conclusion, around 1200 colors were suggested to organize the color range to reflect the characteristics of the fashion industry with an acceptable color differance for color planning and management.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.869-882
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to obtain the patent for extracting the color map and color chip from the color image source and to develop color image map for fashion design. For this study, fashion image maps were produced from 210 pictures with Adobe Photoshop CS2 program targeting 200 university students from 2004 to 2006. The procedures for extracting the color map and color chip included providing the color image, the filtering phase, the segmentation phase, the extraction phrase, and the arrangement phase. Based on the results of this study, patent application was made to KIPO(Korean Intellectual Property Office) for this invention. The following effects can be expected from the standpoint of design based on the case study. First, it is a straight forward procedure to extract a color chip and color map from a color image. Second, it can be applied to various art works based on the recombination of colors as representative colors can be extracted from the related color image that combines a variety of colors. Third, desired colors can be selected based on the taste cluster classification or sensibility axis of design by extracting the representative color from the color image.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2014

Objectives: We have treated people who have color vision defects with oriental medicine; here we demonstrate several representative cases to illustrate the effectiveness of our treatment. Material and methods: We recruited study patients who visited one oriental hospital for color vision defects. We show several representative cases to illustrate the effectiveness of our treatment. The study initially consisted of 178 subjects who took part during a 3-year period. Subjects, all of whom consented to this treatment and trial, were classified by those who have a color vision defect and those who don't by the Ishihara test and another by the Hahn color vision test. We tried color vision correction treatment with acupuncture. Acupuncture therapy where the retina and optic nerves were activated was conducted in parallel with vision correction. Assessment of therapy was conducted at 30 times, 60 times, 90 times, or 120 times of therapy. Results: Assessment of therapy was performed by conducting treatment 30 times, 60 times, 90 times, or 120 times. Surprisingly, all subjects could correctly recognize color after the treatment; although there were case by case differences according to the number of therapy treatments each individual received. Conclusions: Color vision defects can be treated. To enable those with color vision defects to enjoy better quality of life and increased opportunity in color vision-dependent job fields, therapy to correct the problem is a viable option.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 영상의 블록 분류 특성에 적응적인 대표 컬러 히스토그램 (representative color histogram)과 방향성 패턴 히스토그램 (directional pattern histogram)을 이용한 새로운 내용 기반 영상 검색 방법 (content-based image retrieval)을 제안한다. 제안한 방법에서는 영상을 일정한 크기의 블록으로 나누고, 분할된 블록의 분류 특성에 따라 컬러와 패턴 특징 벡터를 추출한다. 먼저 분할된 블록을 채도 (saturation)에 따라 휘도 블록 또는 컬러 블록으로 분류한 후, 휘도 블록에 대해서는 블록 평균휘도 쌍의 히스토그램을 구하고, 컬러 블록에 대해서는 블록 평균 컬러 쌍 히스토그램을 구함으로써 블록 분류 특징에 따라 컬러 특징 벡터를 추출한다. 또한 블록 휘도 변화의 기울기 (gradient)를 계산하여 방향성 분류를 행한 후 히스토그램을 계산함으로써 블록 방향성 패턴 특징을 추출한다. 본 논문에서 제안한 영상 검색 방법의 성능을 평가하기 위해서 컴퓨터 모의실험을 행한 결과 제안한 방법이 기존의 방법들보다 정확도 (precision) 및 특징 벡터 차원 (feature vector dimension) 크기 등의 객관적인 측면에서 우수함을 확인하였다.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.7-16
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• 2010

본 논문은 비디오 및 게임 영상에서 인접한 프레임의 차영상을 이용하여 디스플레이 주변의 조명 장치를 제어하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 현재 프레임의 대표 색상을 추출하는 단계, 이전 프레임과의 차영상으로부터 변화량을 측정하고 변화 색상을 추출하는 단계, 새로운 대표 색상을 생성하는 단계의 세 단계로 구성된다. 변화량을 측정하기 위해 이미지를 사람 지각 시스템에 가까운 YUV 색공간으로 변환하고 차영상을 구한 후, 각 화소별 색차의 합을 변화량으로 사용하였다. 새로운 대표색상은 변화량에 비례하여 변화색상을 반영한다. 제안한 방법의 성능을 평가하기 위해 동일한 동영상에 대하여 시간에 따른 조명 효과의 변화 양상을 비교하였다. 실험 결과 기존 방법보다 더 역동적인 조명효과를 보이는 것을 확인하였다.