• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.1-14
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• 2003

The present study examined the symbolic levels of early pretense in 67 children from 19 to 48 months of age. Subjects were selected from 3 non-profit, play oriented daycare centers. Children were observed during free play. Age and sex differences were examined with 2-way ANOVA performed on case analyses of individual children. Results showed that the symbolic level of pretense increased with age, but no significant sex differences were found. Some children below 2 years of age showed high levels of symbolic play, presenting the possibility of high levels of representational thinking from this early age.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.22-29
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• 2007

In the face of the new dimension of the developed technology $L{\acute{a}}szl{\acute{o}}$ Moholy-Nagy, a master of 'the Bauhaus Akademie', made an effort to constitute the integrated life of the intellectual and the emotional by translating the experiences of the new technology Into the emotional language and the cultural realities. As an artist who criticized in the constructivist ethos the conception of the image as the imitation and brought the Image movements into relief Moholy-Nagy groped for a new expressive idea that can be called as 'the idea of the non-representational spatial expression' in which the expressive elements interact one another. His idea of the non-representational spatial expression that is made up of the pure forms of the nature, the direct colors and the spatial elements is oriented to incorporate the modern realities, i.e. the space experiences as the complicated sensory workings and the new technology as the measure of the human thinking, and further to see where they will move to. This study is on the one hand purposed to explicate the fundamental idea of the non-representational spatial expression that was poorly illuminated in spite of its importance in the respects of the design and art history, on the other to re-actualize the implications of the space-design which are contained in it.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.534-553
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• 2011

Analogical thinking is a problem-solving strategy to use a familiar problem (or base analog) to solve a novel problem of the same type (the target problem). The purpose of this study is to provide new insight into geography teaching and learning by connecting cognitive science research on analogical thinking with issues of geography education and suggest that teaching with analogies can be a productive instructional strategy for geography. In this study, using the various examples of analogical thinking used in geography we defined analogical thinking, addressed the theoretical models on analogical transfer, and discussed conditions that make an effective analogical transfer. The major research findings include the following: a) the spatial analogy, indicating skills to find places that may be far apart but have similar locations, and therefore have other similar conditions and/or connections, can provide a useful way to design contents for place learning; b) representational transfer, specifying a common representation for two problems, can play a key role in solving geographic problems requiring data visualization and spatialization processes; and c) either asking learners to compare/analyze similar examples sharing common structure or providing them examples bridging the gap between concrete, real-life phenomena and the ideas and models can contribute to learning in geographic concepts and skills. The spatial analogy requiring both geographic content knowledge and visual/spatial thinking has the potential to become a content-specific problem-solving strategy. We ended with recommendations for future research on analogy that is important in geography education.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.141
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• pp.263-286
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• 2017

It is well known to us that in its enlarged sense Deleuze's philosophy has confrontation with platonism that has dominated the whole western ideas, and in a narrow sense it is confrontation with representative thinking and representative arts. In other words, it's obvious what Deleuze has considered the most important in his whole of ideas is to think not in a representative way but in a non-representational way and to disentangle thinking from its representative image. To examine the way how Deleuze criticize representation, and how he overcome modern ideas is not just to make a clean breast of platonic inheritance. Because they are essential for facing up to the actual circumstances of our contemporaries who have degraded servility of totalitarian thoughts under the thinking of identity, and furthermore, it is essential for overcoming this situation and proceeding to nomadic thinking, liberating thinking. This study is not intended to be a definitive account of all his criticism of representation. Because, as is well known, Deleuze's criticism of representation contains a wide variety. And so this study were limited a relatively small number of points in Deleuze's position on representation as follows. How does Deleuze's criticism of representation has been developed in his theory of paintings? And what does it mean to us today? In this paper, I paid special regard to make sense out Deleuze's concept of 'figure' in his important writings that pertains to an analysis of his criticism of representation, Francis Bacon: The Logic of Sensation. And having traced the development process of the concept of 'figure', I want to understand the implicit meaning of the concept in constant flux of his critical thinking.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.147
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• pp.77-116
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• 2018

The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the late Heidegger's thought through commonality and differences with mystical thought. Heidegger embraces poetic and mystical elements in the process of overcoming traditional metaphysics and cognitive discourse and for exploring new meaning of Being. This study of mystical elements in his thought is important to present the uniqueness of the Heidegger's philosophy. This paper will not deal with mystical experiences or religious meanings, but with philosophical mysticism that reveals the fundamental connection between human and Being through thinking of Being itself. Here in connection with traditional mysticism the following topics will be discussed as mystical elements in the later Heidegger's thought: the Abyss of Being(Ab-grund), which go beyond conceptual reasoning and representational thinking(principle of ground); Lighting of Being(Lichtung), in which human and all Beings can be opened, and the Letting-be(Gelassenheit), which is gained not by any human accomplishment.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.39-47
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• 2010

As various materials and new methods can be used due to developments in science and expansion of thinking, modern architectural color composes extensive possibilities exceeding its physical role of the past. In particular, rather than the initial external expression, the secondary connotative interpretation is more important in interpreting architectural color. This is because color interpretation changes the meaning of space based on light. Also, the development of digital technology has shifted the use of architectural color from passive realization to a more proactive concept and value. In other words, such shift leads to a new discussion on architectural color such as non-representation, invisibility, and non-physicality as the concept of fixed time, space and movement has been weakened. This paper begins by conceptualizing the digital space, a term widely used to interpret the architectural color of digital space. And it will be categorized as non-representational architectural color, invisible architectural color, and non-physical architectural color, by combining the characteristics of digital space with the modern architecture's color examples. Digital space overcoming the space time is differently interpreted from the past color expression. Modern architecture's color which substitutes the passive view with active body takes a role delivering various axes of discussions with synaesthesia.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.163-177
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• 2019

This study is concerned with "fiction" as a new form of writing over the limits of the post-modernist theater/arts. Fiction is not something illusory that demands the audience's empathy but something that unveils form's disinterest in content. Thus, in this paper, I examine a fiction as the opposition of any representational norm and words' old mimesis. Rebutting the crisis of post-modern art and the end of images, philosopher Jacque $Ranci{\grave{e}}re$ mentions the possibility of appropriating similarity in an imitative way by twisting Platonic mimesis. The image of this similarity wanders alongside the loss of signification, unmasking the form's indifference to content. These wandering words represent their own truth "in a way fossils or grooved stones encapsulate histories" as hieroglyphics. This "fiction" as an alternative of post-modernist plays is not any confrontation of reality but the "movement of thinking" that allows the human spirit to play in a way of shaping "some substantiality." In this sense, I examines works by two French writers, $Jo{\ddot{e}}l$ Pommerat (1963~) and Jean-Claude Grumberg (1939~ ) who have carried out their writing practices of appropriating similarity that dissolves any simple "immediate reflection" for non-intermediate relations between the producing and the produced. Their writing is a cross of literary creation and "le politique" as a new aesthetic practice of writing and reveals the movement of thinking, departing from the preexisting concept of fiction.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.1-22
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine high school students' perception of male home economics teachers and identify diverse viewpoints. To this end, the Q method was used, which is useful for operant subjectivity studies in which research participants create their own opinions and viewpoints. Based on the general procedures of the Q method, this study finalized 40 statements comprised of the representational system of high school students on male home economics teachers, which are Q samples, from the Q population. The statements were Q-sorted by P samples comprised of 31 high school seniors and analyzed using the QUANL program. The results showed that there were 4 different viewpoints of high school students on male home economics teachers. The type 1 focused on individual traits, claiming that the 'male' gender of home economics teachers and the 'home economics' subject are merely individual traits of the teachers. The type 2 focused on the subject, perceiving male home economics teachers with focus on the subject of home economics. The type 3 focused on competencies, thinking that male home economics teachers have sufficient skills and competencies to teach home economics. Finally, the type 4 focused on character, valuing the character of the teachers and thinking that male home economics teachers are great teachers who took up the challenge of teaching home economics. This study has significance as it provides the basic data for in-depth understanding of students' perception of male home economics teachers in individual context.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.613-632
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• 2016

The recent diagnosis of the Anthropocene challenges public understanding of nature as a pure and singular entity removed from society, as the diagnosis confirms the earth-changing force of humans. In geography, the nature-society divide has been critically interrogated long before the diagnosis of the Anthropocene, developing several ways of theorizing nature-society relations. This paper introduces a new frontier for such theoretical endeavors: more-than-human geography. Inspired by the material and performative turn in geography and the social sciences around the 2000s, more-than-human geographers have sought to re-engage with the livingness of the world in the study of nature-society relations. Drawing on actor-network theory, non-representational theory (NRT) and vitalism, they have developed innovative ways of thinking about and relating to nature through the key concepts of 'nonhuman agency' and 'affect'. While more-than-human geography has been extensively debated and developed in recent Euro-American scholarship on cultural and economic geography, it has so far received limited attention in Korean geographical studies on nature. This paper aims to address this gap by discussing the key concepts and seminal work of more-than-human geography. I first outline four theoretical strands through which nature-society relations are perceived in geography. I then offer an overview of more-than-human geography, discussing its theoretical foundations and considering ontologies, epistemologies, politics and ethics associated with nature-society relations. Then, I compare more-than-human geography with political ecology, which is the mainstream critical approach in contemporary environmental social sciences. I would argue that more-than-human geography further challenges and develops political ecology through its heightened attention to the affective capacity of nonhumans and the methodological ethos of doing a careful political ecology. I conclude by reflecting on the implications of more-than-human geography for Korean studies on nature-society relations.