• 건축역사연구
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.37-48
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to evaluate Aldo Rossi's work as representation or non-representation, for some hold that the works of Aldo Rossi are representative and others say that they are non-representative. According to the three kinds of novelties appearing after Stephen Pepper's concept, "the breaking of reference" happens, and Aldo Rossi's concept, "the sense of deposition" Rossi's work is uncovered as non-representation. In order to clarify Rossi's work as non-representation, we are going to borrow Pepper's terms, intrusive novelty, emergent novelty, and naive novelty. The breaking of reference accompanies intrusive novelty to bring a sense of representation, emergent novelty to intuit a sense of non-representation, and naive novelty to a sense of newness of disorder. We hope to verify a hypothesis that Aldo Rossi's architectural thought and the architecture come from 'emergent novelty' on the basis of his two books, A Scientific Autobiography and Architecture of the City. Also this paper discusses qualitative aspects rather than visual aspects. The main concepts of emergent novelty are applied to Aldo Rossi's works and his thought. Finally this paper verifies 'the hypothesis' through revealing what Aldo Rossi means by the quality of suspension, the sense of deposition, and idea of the unfinished(repetition). Rossi's work is not textural reference of representation appearing after blocking, but qualitative reference of non-representation.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.57-73
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• 1993

In this paper, methods of human figure representation in computer graphics are described. Many applications of the human figure representation are found in areas including industry, advertisement, and cartoon production and further research for the methods that show the human figure more realistically is ex- pected. Two analytic methods for human model, kinematics and dynamics, are ex- plained and the characteristics of the man-machine interface systems that include human figure representation are presented. Various techniques of the human figure representation based on kinematics or(and) dynamics are discussed and representation methods of human body segments such as hand, face, spine are introduced in this paper.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2008

In this paper, we discuss two representations of a curve. One is a static representation as set of points, the other is a dynamic representation using time parameter. And we suggest needs of designing a computer microword where we can represent a curve both statically and dynamically. We also emphasize the importance of translation activity from a static representation to a dynamic representation. For this purpose, we first consider constructionism and 'computers and mathematics education' as a theoretical backgrounds. We focus the curve of a parabola in this paper since this is common in mathematics curriculum and is related to realistic situation such as throwing ball. And we survey the mathematics curriculum about parabola representation. And we introduce JavaMAL microworld that is integrated microworld between LOGO and DGS. In this microworld, we represent a parabola using a dynamic action, and connect this dynamic parabola action to recursive patterns. Finally, we remake a parabola for a realistic situation using this dynamic representation. And we discuss the educational meaning of dynamic representation and its computer microworld.

• 인지과학
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.111-131
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• 2017

연결주의 모델은 계산주의적 관점에서 언어 처리를 연구하는 한 가지 접근법이다. 그리고 연결주의 모델 연구를 진행하는데 있어서 표상(representation)을 구축하는 것은, 모델의 학습 수준 및 수행 능력을 결정한다는 점에서 모델의 구조를 만드는 것만큼이나 중요한 일이다. 연결주의 모델은 크게 지역 표상(localist representation)과 분산 표상(distributed representation)이라는 두 가지 서로 다른 방식으로 표상을 구축해 왔다. 하지만 종래 연구들에서 사용된 지역 표상은 드문 목표 활성화 값을 갖고 있는 출력층의 유닛이 불활성화 하는 제한점을, 그리고 과거의 분산 표상은 표상된 정보의 불투명성에 의한 결과 확인의 어려움이라는 제한점을 갖고 있었으며 이는 연결주의 모델 연구 전반의 제한점이 되어 왔다. 본 연구는 이와 같은 과거의 표상 구축의 제한점에 대하여, 제한된 볼츠만 머신(restricted Boltzmann machine)이 갖고 있는 특징인 정보의 추상화를 활용하여 지역 표상을 가지고 분산 표상을 유도하는 새로운 방안을 제시하였다. 결과적으로 본 연구가 제안한 방법은 정보의 압축과 분산 표상을 지역 표상으로 역변환하는 방안을 활용하여 종래의 표상 구축 방법이 갖고 있는 문제를 효과적으로 해결함을 보였다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.1038-1050
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• 2015

This study is a theoretical research to investigate a methodological framework for analyzing the representation of women in fashion photography. For this study, this article attempts to develop a conceptual framework of the visual representation system through Lacan's gaze theory, and analyze the representational aspects of women configured by gendered characteristics in the visual representation system. Structuralizing the visual representation system based on that theory, the gaze, the image/screen, and the subject of representation in the Lacan's triangle diagram are replaced by the camera as the signifier of gaze, the representational image, and the seeing subject respectively. In the visual representation system, the camera creates a male-oriented visual field and structures a relationship of gendered power between male gaze as the seeing subject and female eye as an object to be seen. Looking into the representational aspects of women in this visual representation system structuralized by male gaze, women are represented in a way that reflects male desire through masquerade to comply with the patriarchal gaze, or differences that emphasizes the uniqueness and autonomy of women released from a patriarchal discourse. This study would be significant in that it provides theoretical basis for an analytic approach to the representation of women in fashion photography which we accept as a fixed one through the ideology of naturalization.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.3172-3193
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• 2018

Recently, several studies have shown that linear representation based approaches are very effective and efficient for image classification. One of these linear-representation-based approaches is the Collaborative representation (CR) method. The existing algorithms based on CR have two major problems that degrade their classification performance. First problem arises due to the limited number of available training samples. The large variations, caused by illumintion and expression changes, among query and training samples leads to poor classification performance. Second problem occurs when an image is partially noised (contiguous occlusion), as some part of the given image become corrupt the classification performance also degrades. We aim to extend the collaborative representation framework under limited training samples face recognition problem. Our proposed solution will generate virtual samples and intra-class variations from training data to model the variations effectively between query and training samples. For robust classification, the image patches have been utilized to compute representation to address partial occlusion as it leads to more accurate classification results. The proposed method computes representation based on local regions in the images as opposed to CR, which computes representation based on global solution involving entire images. Furthermore, the proposed solution also integrates the locality structure into CR, using Euclidian distance between the query and training samples. Intuitively, if the query sample can be represented by selecting its nearest neighbours, lie on a same linear subspace then the resulting representation will be more discriminate and accurately classify the query sample. Hence our proposed framework model the limited sample face recognition problem into sufficient training samples problem using virtual samples and intra-class variations, generated from training samples that will result in improved classification accuracy as evident from experimental results. Moreover, it compute representation based on local image patches for robust classification and is expected to greatly increase the classification performance for face recognition task.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제30권3_4호
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• pp.571-591
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• 2012

To the best of our knowledge, there is no method, in the literature, to find the fuzzy optimal solution of fully fuzzy shortest path (FFSP) problems i.e., shortest path (SP) problems in which all the parameters are represented by fuzzy numbers. In this paper, a new method is proposed to find the fuzzy optimal solution of FFSP problems. Kumar and Kaur [Methods for solving unbalanced fuzzy transportation problems, Operational Research-An International Journal, 2010 (DOI 10.1007/s 12351-010-0101-3)] proposed a new method with new representation, named as JMD representation, of trapezoidal fuzzy numbers for solving fully fuzzy transportation problems and shown that it is better to solve fully fuzzy transportation problems by using proposed method with JMD representation as compare to proposed method with the existing representation. On the same direction in this paper a new method is proposed to find the solution of FFSP problems and it is shown that it is also better to solve FFSP problems with JMD representation as compare to existing representation. To show the advantages of proposed method with this representation over proposed method with other existing representations. A FFSP problem solved by using proposed method with JMD representation as well as proposed method with other existing representations and the obtained results are compared.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.343-352
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• 2012

In this paper we show that the projective properties of representations of a quiver $Q={\bullet}{\rightarrow}{\bullet}{\rightarrow}{\bullet}$ as left $R[x]$-modules. We show that if P is a projective left R-module then $0{\longrightarrow}0{\longrightarrow}P[x]$ is a projective representation of a quiver Q as $R[x]$-modules, but $P[x]{\longrightarrow}0{\longrightarrow}0$ is not a projective representation of a quiver Q as $R[x]$-modules, if $P{\neq}0$. And we show a representation $0{\longrightarrow}P[x]\longrightarrow^{id}P[x]$ of a quiver Q is a projective representation, if P is a projective left R-module, but $P[x]\longrightarrow^{id}P[x]{\longrightarrow}0$ is not a projective representation of a quiver Q as $R[x]$-modules, if $P{\neq}0$. Then we show a representation $P[x]\longrightarrow^{id}P[x]\longrightarrow^{id}P[x]$ of a quiver Q is a projective representation, if P is a projective left R-module.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.604-619
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• 2007

Aesthetic consciousness of the body determines the form of clothing, reflecting the time and culture as well as the individual and society. Using 'body' to analyze the clothing form, my study develops a framework by which to classify the representation and non-representation of the body in fashion. Theoretically, this study draws from Jean Baudrillard's Simulation theory which maintains that simulation develops the whole edifice of representation. My study substitutes the successive phases of the image to that of (non) representing body in fashion. The correspondences between them are; first, 'image is the reflection of a basic reality' for the representation of physicality, second, 'image masks and perverts a basic reality' for the manipulation of physicality, third, 'image masks the absence of a basic reality' for the absence of physicality, and fourth, 'image bears no relation to any reality whatever' for the absence of body in fashion. Aesthetic ideal of the body is visualized in the form of a dress. Fashion continues to explore forms and images that transcend the traditional representations of the clothed body. My study suggests a framework to analyze bodily representation in fashion, focusing on the relationship between the clothes and body.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제34권1C호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2009

지수의 signed digit representation을 사용하여 타입 II 최적정규기저에 의해 결정되는 $GF(2^n)$상의 효율적인 지수승 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안하는 signed digit representation은 $GF(2^n)$에서 non-adjacent form(NAF)를 사용한다. 일반적으로 signed digit representation은 정규기저가 주어진 경우 사용하기 어렵다. 이는 정규 원소의 역원연산이 상당한 지연시간을 갖기 때문이다. 반면에 signed digit representation은 다항식 기저를 이용한 체에 쉽게 적용가능하다. 하지만 본 논문의 결과는 타입 II 최적정규기저(optimal normal basis, ONB), 라는 특별한 정규 기저가 지수의 signed digit representation을 이용한 효율적인 지수승 연산에 이용될 수 있음을 보인다.