• 복식문화연구
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.1038-1050
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• 2015

This study is a theoretical research to investigate a methodological framework for analyzing the representation of women in fashion photography. For this study, this article attempts to develop a conceptual framework of the visual representation system through Lacan's gaze theory, and analyze the representational aspects of women configured by gendered characteristics in the visual representation system. Structuralizing the visual representation system based on that theory, the gaze, the image/screen, and the subject of representation in the Lacan's triangle diagram are replaced by the camera as the signifier of gaze, the representational image, and the seeing subject respectively. In the visual representation system, the camera creates a male-oriented visual field and structures a relationship of gendered power between male gaze as the seeing subject and female eye as an object to be seen. Looking into the representational aspects of women in this visual representation system structuralized by male gaze, women are represented in a way that reflects male desire through masquerade to comply with the patriarchal gaze, or differences that emphasizes the uniqueness and autonomy of women released from a patriarchal discourse. This study would be significant in that it provides theoretical basis for an analytic approach to the representation of women in fashion photography which we accept as a fixed one through the ideology of naturalization.

• 분석과 대안
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.87-121
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• 2021

かつてフェミニズムや男女平等を批判していた安倍晋三首相率いる第二次安倍政権は,2012年以降,女性の社会進出を後押しする政策を積極的に促進し,2015年には女性の職業生活における活躍の推進に関する法律（女性活躍推進法)を成立させている。女性活躍推進法は,女性政策ではなく,女性を利用しようとする経済政策であるとの批判が多いが,一方では女性のための政策としての側面もあるとの指摘もあり,保守政権による女性政策の興味深いケースとなっている。本稿は,女性活躍推進法の審議過程における女性の実質的代表の内実を明らかにすることを目的とする。具体的には,安倍政権による女性政策,また,女性の実質的代表に関する先行研究の知見から導き出した二つのリサーチクエスチョンへの答えを,法案審議での議員発言をデータとして提示することが本稿の課題である。第一に,女性活躍推進法が女性活用の経済政策であるという評価から,審議過程においても,女性の利益や権利を代表する発言よりも,女性を経済成長や少子高齢化社会における資源として活用しようとする発言が多いのかどうかを探る。第二に,女性を実質的に代表する発言があるとすれば,どのような発言内容が見られるのかを明らかにする。特に,保守政党である自由民主党が多数を占めている国会での審議においては,女性の家庭内ケア提供役割を所与とした女性のための発言が大勢を占めているのかに注目する。これらのリサーチクエスチョンに答えることで,女性活躍推進法を巡る女性の実質的代表の有り様,また保守主義と女性の実質的代表の関係を明らかし,女性の実質的代表の研究に貢献することを目指す。分析の結果,女性を活用しようとする発言は,女性を代表する発言,また女性活用の姿勢を批判する発言と比べて数が少なかったこと,議員発言によって多種多様な女性が代表されていることが明らかになった。また,保守系議員による,女性の家庭内ケア提供役割を所与とした保守的な女性の代表発言がある一方で,主に野党議員による,保守的ではない女性の代表発言も多くあったことも示された。これらの分析結果は,保守政権が支配する議会であっても,非保守的な女性の実質的代表が,少なくとも審議過程においては可能であることを示唆している。

• 의정연구
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.41-77
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• 2021

여성의 정치적 대표성 확대를 위한 할당제가 법제화된 지 20년이 지난 지금까지도 한국의 여성의원 비율은 20%를 넘지 못하고 있다. 이 연구는 여성대표성 확대를 위한 법제도의 세 축이라고 할 수 있는 할당제, 여성추천보조금, 여성정치발전비가 지난 20년 동안 제도적으로 어떻게 변화해왔으며, 여성대표성에 어떤 영향을 미쳤는지, 어떤 제도적 한계를 갖고 있는지를 검토한다. 이와 함께 여성대표성 확대를 위한 개혁의 불/가능한 조건들을 탐구한다. 여성대표성 확대를 위한 법제도가 개혁되기 위해서는 한국의 정치제도가 남성지배의 구조 속에서 성별화된 방식으로 배열되어 있다는 것을 이해하는 동시에 성평등 정치를 위한 개혁을 추동하는 결정적 행위자와 집단의 존재가 필수적이라는 것을 이해하는 것이 필요하다.

• 아동학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.137-153
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• 2007

This research studied differences in the distribution of maternal attachment representation between divorced and non-divorced low income mothers, associations between their divorce and childhood experiences, and associations between maternal attachment representation and childhood experiences. Subjects were twenty each divorced and still-married women with low socioeconomic status. The Adult Attachment Interview was used to assess their attachment representation resulting in classification by four types; autonomous (F), dismissing (Ds), preoccupied (E), or unresolved/disorganized (Ud). The divorced women had more childhood experiences of being rejected and neglected by their mothers than the non-divorced women. This indicates that maternal childhood experiences were related to maternal attachment representation and divorce.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2019

This study investigated the significant difference in the influences of pregnant couples' attachment representation for parents of origin on their psychological symptoms according to groups. One hundred and eighty two pregnant couples answered the questionnaire. Data were analyzed by means of frequency, percentages, t-test. Pearson's correlation using SPSS ver. 21.0 and multiple group structural equation modeling using AMOS ver. 20.0. The findings are as follows. First, there were significant differences in attachment representations according to parents of origin and psychological symptoms between pregnant women and spouses. Second, there were negative influences of attachment representations to parents of origin on psychological symptoms for both the pregnant women group and their spouses group, respectively. Last, the negative effects of attachment representation for parents of origin on their psychological symptoms according to groups were significantly different; consequently, the impact on the spouses group was stronger than the pregnant women group. The results imply that policies to help pregnant couples reduce psychological symptoms should be provided. In addition, the unexpected result on the weaker impact of pregnant women's attachment representation for parents of origin on their psychological symptoms suggests it is better to consider other factors simultaneously (such as a romantic attachment to spouses) that might provide a moderating role. The study results are meaningful because it is the first to apply a statistically advanced method to analyze pregnant women and spouses in relation to parents of origin on their psychological symptoms.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to illuminate the relations between Pop Art and pop music, which formed a serious coupling loop in an identical cultural background. Also this study intends to set up a position of visualized sexual identity as it Points out the conceptional characteristics of glam, a subculture outside mainstream, which includes the matters of sexual minorities such as homosexuality and bisexuality under the influence of the aesthetic and philosophical composition by Andy Warhol. In conjunction herewith, we explore the visual representation of glam style focusing on the influence of Warhol. The classification and explanation about the visual representation of glam style under the influence of Warhol are practised by distinguishing as denotative representation and connotative representation. For the denotative representation shown in the glum style, first, the discordant images were put together by bricolage, then adapted into the new dramatic symbol of youth. Second, through a visually androgynous style a subversion of sex for symbols of sexuality and gender was represented. Third, the factitiveness as a weird display and fallacy is shown from boisterous make-up and unisex sかling in theatricality and put-ons, featuring artificiality, assemblage and unnaturality. And the connaotative representation shown in glum inglam style, first, glam style implies its experimental nature which attempts to break down boundaries between masculinity and femininity, homosexuality and heterosex-uality. Second, the bricolage in sequin and other discordant elements have connotative meanings as sensuality and excessiveness. Third, mixing various style as sexual play shows ironic visual images, in accordance with Superior Theory and Discord Theory.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

This study aims to examine the way in which magazines represent housings, since magazines are one of major channel to connect individual houses with the public including professionals and the mass as well. Not only the professional architectural magazine but also women's magazine produce discourses which exercise huge influences on the public's understanding of the housings. After examining the different ways of representing housings in the houses related articles of architectural magazine and women's magazine, serious discrepancies have been noticed in both form and content of the text. In representing housings, women's magazine uses headlines and standfirsts with various modifiers to enhance the chance of interventions of the magazine/journalists. Focusing of the interests upon residents and architects, women's magazines force the reader to look at the housings through the frame of social status and celebrity of the residents and architects marginalizing actual houses. On the other hand, architectural magazines adopt externalized and objective way of representation using minimum layout elements following relatively uniform editing format. The abstract, rigid and masculine way of representation in the architectural magazines endow the published housings with the masculine and normative senses which can be seen as some sorts of aura which obstruct easy access to the housings themselves.

• 복식
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to pursue the way of human body expression for prospecting of future fashion illustration through research of the methods and meaning expressed in the works of 30 years by Antonio Lopez. The research was conducted by looking into the perception of the body between 1960s and 1980s, when Lopez worked actively, on the basis of the discourse, art and fashion for the femininity and studying the representation method and meaning of the body in his works. Lopez suggested an index of the ideal beauty of the times through the representation of the immature body like a child in the 60s, the glamorous body in the 70s and the exaggerated muscular body in the 80s by predicting the changes of the perception of femininity and ideal beauty. As the result of this research, it is found that Lopez employed the art form for the representation of the body in his works and presented the polysemous implications of the art form in the context of the body expression. In addition, he redefined sexuality by focusing on the code that confronted the conventional women's morals by changing the representation method of the women's pose, and depicted the other's image such as the colored races, departing from the ideal human body based on the white women. Lastly, he deconstructed the human body in various ways, thereby enlarging the concept of the human body in the existing fashion illustration.

• 영미문화
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.269-286
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• 2014

The Pre-Raphaelite oeuvre abounds in the image of women, which indicates the impact of gender question on contemporary visual culture. The representation of women in their art tends to evince the entrenched myth of womanhood, marked by a stereotyped dichotomy in the apprehension of femininity. Yet there are a significant number of pictures which attest to the point that their iconography of womanhood cannot be fully elucidated by exploring the dichotomy alone. They falsify the dyadic model, defying the attempt to accommodate them in a clean-cut category. The curious blend of the mystical, the sensual, and the domestic that characterizes these images suggests that they are open to multiple interpretations. In sum, the Pre-Raphaelite representation of women both endorses and challenges the ideal of femininity, indicating that it was shaped by and shaped contemporary perceptions of women at a time when gender relations were shifting and the traditional institution of patriarchy revealed a sign of strain.

• 한국복식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복식학회 2005년도 International Costume Conference PROCEEDING
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• pp.136-137
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• 2005