• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.633-643
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• 2013

Purpose: The objective of this study was to identify the moderating and mediating effects of transformational-leadership in the relationship between medication error management climate and error reporting intention. Methods: Participants in this study were 118 nurses from 11 hospitals in Korea. The scales of medication error management climate, transformational-leadership and error reporting intention of nurses were used in this study. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, partial Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression were used for data analysis. Results: Higher transformational leadership group members had higher error management climate (t=3.88~4.64, p<.001) and higher intention to error reporting (t=2.49, p=.014). There were significant positive correlations between subcategories of medication error management climate and transformational leadership (r=.37~.51, p<.001). But error reporting intention was related to the transformational leadership (r=.28 p=.002), two subcategories such as 'learn from error' (r=.26, p=.004) and 'medication error competence' (r=.25, p=.008) of medication error management climate. Transformational-leadership was a moderator and a mediator between medication error management climate and error reporting intention. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, transformational-leadership promotion training program to construct medication error management climate and to improve error reporting intention should be needed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.397-405
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop the medical error reporting system and to validate an trait of error in the Operating Room. Methods: Descriptive research design was used. The subjects were 30 nurses with below 5-year-career in a University Hospital. Data was collected from 11, April until 22, April, 2005 using web-based error reporting system. Data was analyzed by mean, standard deviation, $X^{2}-test$ using SPSS WIN 10.0 program. Results: A time of medical error in operating room nursing frequent occurrence was from 12 pm. to 4pm. 'Lack of sterile materials' management' was the best frequent occurrence of medical error in operating room nursing. Conclusion: The findings of this study show that manager of healthcare organization must develop the error reporting system more familiar and ordinary. Afterward, we prevent the repetitive medical errors in nursing care through analyzing of error reporting system.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.979-988
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between nurse's perception of organizational characteristics including safety climate and work environment and barrier to medication error reporting. Methods: We surveyed 334 nurses from 7 hospitals. An assessment survey was consisted of modified safety climate scale, practice environment scale and barrier to medication error reporting. The data were collected from September 2012. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, canonical correlation were used. Results: Organizational characteristics were related to barrier to medication error reporting with three significant canonical variables. The first canonical correlation coefficient was .50(Wilks' ${\lambda}$=0.61, df=32, p<.001), that of the second was .35(Wilks' ${\lambda}$=0.81, df=21, p<.001) and that of the third was .22(Wilks' ${\lambda}$=0.93, df=12, p=.018). The first variate indicated higher perception of safety climate variables and work environment variables were related lower barrier to medication error reporting variables except fear for error reporting. The second variate showed higher perception of 'safety climate between healthcare provider' and higher 'nurse participation in hospital affairs' and 'staffing and resource adequacy' were related to lower 'fear' and 'administrative response' in barrier to medication error reporting variables. Conclusion: Strategies for barrier to medication error reporting and improvement of organizational characteristics including safety climate and work environment should be implemented.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.185-191
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• 2007

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate an error reporting promoting program(ERPP) to systematically reduce the incidence rate of nursing errors in operating room. Methods. A non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design was used. Twenty-six operating room nurses who were in one university hospital in Busan participated in this study. They were stratified into four groups according to their operating room experience and were allocated to the experimental and control groups using a matching method. Mann-Whitney U Test was used to analyze the differences pre and post incidence rates of nursing errors between the two groups. Results. The incidence rate of nursing errors decreased significantly in the experimental group compared to the pre-test score from 28.4% to 15.7%. The incidence rate by domains, it decreased significantly in the 3 domains-"compliance of aseptic technique", "management of document", "environmental management" in the experimental group while it decreased in the control group which was applied ordinary error-reporting method. Conclusion. Error-reporting system can make possible to hold the errors in common and to learn from them. ERPP was effective to reduce the errors of recognition-related nursing activities. For the wake of more effective error-prevention, we will be better to apply effort of risk management along the whole health care system with this program.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.57-70
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• 2012

Background : The purpose of this study was to understand healthcare workers' perception of patient safety culture and medical error reporting to provide basic resources for the settlement of patient safety culture in medical institutions in Korea. Methods : For this purpose, convenience sampling by self-selection was applied to healthcare workers at a university hospital in Gyeonggi-do and a total of 482 people responded. The survey used the translated version of AHRQ in Korean and distributed through the Intranet system of the hospital. Result : The ratio of positive response was low overall. Among the responses, the response for 'Nonpunitive Response to Error' was the lowest at 17.7%, followed by the responses for 'Staffing' at 21.3%, 'Handoffs & Transitions' at 32.9%, and 'Communication Openness' at 44.3%. In result of surveying whether the responders have reported patient safety incidents during the past 12 months, 68.3% responded 'not once.' Conclusion : The perception of healthcare workers' patient safety culture and medical error reporting, when compared to AHRQ, was lower overall. It is important for healthcare workers to pay greater attention to patient safety to create a safe hospital culture where they do not punish or criticize related individuals or departments.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.172-181
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of strategies to promote reporting of errors on nurses' attitude to reporting errors, organizational culture related to patient safety, intention to report and reporting rate in hospital nurses. Methods: A nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design was used for this study. The program was developed and then administered to the experimental group for 12 weeks. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, $\chi^2$-test, t-test, and ANCOVA with the SPSS 12.0 program. Results: After the intervention, the experimental group showed significantly higher scores for nurses' attitude to reporting errors (experimental: 20.73 vs control: 20.52, F=5.483, p=.021) and reporting rate (experimental: 3.40 vs control: 1.33, F=1998.083, p<.001). There was no significant difference in some categories for organizational culture and intention to report. Conclusion: The study findings indicate that strategies that promote reporting of errors play an important role in producing positive attitudes to reporting errors and improving behavior of reporting. Further advanced strategies for reporting errors that can lead to improved patient safety should be developed and applied in a broad range of hospitals.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.673-683
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was aimed to identify the mediating and moderating effects of safety-specific transformational leadership on the relationship between barrier to and intention of reporting medication errors. Methods: Two hundred thirty seven nurses from seven different hospitals participated in the study. Safety-specific transformational leadership was measured by an instrument with 10 items, barrier to reporting medication errors with 16 items, and intention of reporting medication errors with 3 items. The data was collected from September to October 2012. Descriptive statistics, factor analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and a hierarchial regression analysis were used. Results: There were significant negative correlations between the subcategories of barrier to reporting medication errors and intention of reporting medication errors (r=-.16~-.27, p<.001), and a positive correlation between the intention and safety-specific transformational leadership (r=.25, p<001). Transformational leadership was a mediator between barrier to and intention of reporting medication errors. Conclusion: Safety-specific transformational leadership mediated the relationships between barrier to and intention of reporting medication errors. Enhancing safety-specific transformational leadership of nursing unit managers is necessary to increase the intention to reporting medication errors.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39A no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2014

As frequency resource has taken on greater importance, Cognitive Radio(CR) technology has been considered as the solution to improve spectrum utilization by allowing a secondary user to utilize a licensed band when the primary user is absent. So spectrum sensing is significant part of CR for high performance. Recently, cooperative spectrum sensing that secondary users share each sensing results is proposed to improve spectrum sensing accuracy. In this paper, OR rule based cooperative spectrum sensing scheme using reporting error probability which occurs in user to fusion center(FC) channel The simulation results show that proposed scheme mitigates false alarm probability limitation which appears in existing cooperative spectrum sensing scheme by restricting the number of cooperating users using reporting error probability.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.110-135
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• 2005

The objectives of this study were (1) to describe doctors' perception and attitudes toward patient safety culture and medical error reporting in their working unit and hospitals, (2) to examine whether these perception and attitudes differ by doctors' characteristics, such as sex, position, and specialties, and (3) to understand the relationship between overall perception of patient safety in their working unit and each sub domain of patient safety culture. A survey was conducted with 135 doctors working in a university hospital in Korea. After descriptive analyses and chi-square tests of subgroup differences, a multivariate-regression of overall perception of patient safety in their unit with sub-domains of patient safety culture was conducted. Overall, a significant proportion of doctors expressed negative perception of their working units' patient safety culture, many reporting potentials for patient safety problems to occur in their unit. They also negatively viewed their hospital leadership's commitment on patient safety. Regarding the patient safety in their working unit, doctors were most worried about staffing level and observance of safety procedures. Most doctors did not know how and which medical error to report. They also perceived that medical errors would work against them personally and penalize them. About 22 percent of respondents believed that even seriously harmful medical errors were not reported.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.568-578
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine current status of IT-based medication error prevention system construction and the relationships among system construction, medication error management climate and perception for system use. Methods: The participants were 124 patient safety chief managers working for 124 hospitals with over 300 beds in Korea. The characteristics of the participants, construction status and perception of systems (electric pharmacopoeia, electric drug dosage calculation system, computer-based patient safety reporting and bar-code system) and medication error management climate were measured in this study. The data were collected between June and August 2011. Descriptive statistics, partial Pearson correlation and MANCOVA were used for data analysis. Results: Electric pharmacopoeia were constructed in 67.7% of participating hospitals, computer-based patient safety reporting systems were constructed in 50.8%, electric drug dosage calculation systems were in use in 32.3%. Bar-code systems showed up the lowest construction rate at 16.1% of Korean hospitals. Higher rates of construction of IT-based medication error prevention systems resulted in greater safety and a more positive error management climate prevailed. Conclusion: The supportive strategies for improving perception for use of IT-based systems would add to system construction, and positive error management climate would be more easily promoted.