• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제30권5D호
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• pp.505-512
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• 2010

교통하중이 작용하는 기초지반의 성능 및 도로하부 지반에서의 변형예측을 위해서는 반복적인 교통하중하에서의 장기변형 예측이 필요하다. 그러나 도로와 철도와 같은 다층시스템에서의 장기변형을 예측하는 것은 쉽지 않은 일이다. 따라서 보다 정량적인 해석을 위해서는 적절한 해석방식, 재료모형, 그리고 재료의 상수들을 통한 역학-경험적인 방식이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 반복 교통하중에 의한 응력의존적인 기초 지반재료의 장기변형 거동 파악을 위해 반복 하중의 응력수준과 함수비 조건이 고려된 반복재하 장기변형실험을 실시한 결과를 분석하고 해석에 활용하였다. 여러 응력상태조건에서 기초 지반재료의 장기변형 특성이 반영된 유한요소해석을 실시하였고 장기변형 예측모델의 실내시험규모에서의 적용성을 평가하였다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.92-103
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• 1999

Recently structural damage has been frequently observed in reinforced concrete brdiges due to repeated loads such as vehicular traffic an due to continual overloads by heavy duty trucks. Therefore, the purpose of this experimental stduy is to investigate the damage mechanism due to fatigue behavior of high-strength reinforced concrete beams under repeated loads. From the test results, the relation of cycle loading to deflection is on the mid-span , the crack growth and the modes of failure according to cycle number, fatigue life and S-N curve were observed through the fatigue test. Based on the fatigue test results , high-strength reinforced concrete beams failed to 57 ∼66 percent of the static ultimate strength . Fatigue strength aobut two million cycles from S-N curves was certified by 60 percent of static ultimate strength.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.113-124
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• 2018

Under repeated loading, the residual stresses within the subgrade and subsoil can accelerate the deformation of the road structures. In this paper, a series of laboratory cyclic loading model tests and small-scale model tests were conducted to investigate the dynamic stress response within soils under different loading conditions. The experimental results showed that a dynamic stress accumulation effect occurred if the soil showed cumulative deformation: (1) the residual stress increased and accumulated with an increasing number of loading cycles, and (2) the residual stress was superimposed on the stress response of the subsequent loading cycles, inducing a greater peak stress response. There are two conditions that must be met for the dynamic stress accumulation effect to occur. A threshold state exists only if the external load exceeds the cyclic threshold stress. Then, the stress accumulation effect occurs. A higher loading frequency results in a higher rate of increase for the residual stress. In addition to the superposition of the increasing residual stress, soil densification might contribute to the increasing peak stress during cyclic loading. An increase in soil stiffness and a decrease in dissipative energy induce a greater stress transmission within the material.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제70권1호
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• pp.67-80
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• 2019

Strengthening with near surface mounted carbon fibre reinforced polymers (NSM-CFRP) is a strengthening technique that have been used for several decades to increase the load carrying capacity of reinforced concrete members. In Iraq, many concrete buildings and bridges were subjected to a wide range of damage as a result of the last war and many other events. Accordingly, there is a progressive increase in the strengthening of concrete structures, bridges in particular, by using CFRP strengthening techniques. Near-surface mounted carbon fibre polymer has been recently proved as a powerful strengthening technique in which the CFRP strips are sufficiently protected against external environmental conditions especially the high-temperature rates in Iraq. However, this technique has not been examined yet under repeated loading conditions such as traffic loads on bridge girders. The main objective of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of NSM-CFRP strips in reinforced concrete beams under repeated loads. Different parameters such as the number of strips, groove size, and two types of bonding materials (epoxy resin and cement-based adhesive) were considered. Fifteen NSM-CFRP strengthened beams were tested under concentrated monotonic and repeated loadings. Three beams were non-strengthened as reference specimens while the remaining were strengthened with NSM-CFRP strips and divided into three groups. Each group comprises two beams tested under monotonic loads and used as control for those tested under repeated loads in the same group. The experimental results are discussed in terms of load-deflection behavior up to failure, ductility factor, cumulative energy absorption, number of cycles to failure, and the mode of failure. The test results proved that strengthening with NSM-CFRP strips increased both the flexural strength and stiffness of the tested beams. An increase in load carrying capacity was obtained in a range of (1.47 to 4.49) times that for the non-strengthened specimens. Also, the increase in total area of CFRPs showed a slight increase in flexural capacity of (1.02) times the value of the control strengthened one tested under repeated loading. Increasing the total area of CFRP strips resulted in a reduction in ductility factor reached to (0.71) while the cumulative energy absorption increased by (1.22) times the values of the strengthened reference specimens tested under repeated loading. Moreover, the replacement of epoxy resin with cement-based adhesive as a bonding material exhibited higher ductility than specimen with epoxy resin tested under monotonic and repeated loading.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제30권1A호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2010

프리캐스트 패널은 교량바닥판의 합성 구조부재로서 사용된다. 프리캐스트 패널의 횡방향 강재는 교량바닥판의 주철근 역할을 하며, 또한, 패널 상부의 현장타설 콘크리트 시공시 거푸집 대용으로 적용된다. 그러나 프리캐스트 패널의 장점을 살리기 위해서는 필연적으로 갖게 되는 구조적 특징이자 취약점이 될 수 있는 이음부 부분에 대한 이해와 지식이 필요하다. 특히, 교량바닥판은 차량하중과 같은 반복하중을 받는 구조물이므로 피로하중에 대한 이음부의 거동 및 성능 평가가 이루어져야 한다. 본 연구에서는 전단철근과 루프이음부를 갖는 프리캐스트 패널 합성바닥판의 피로실험을 수행하였다. 피로실험은 고정점 반복하중과 윤하중을 적용하여 수행되었다. 피로에 대한 현행 설계기준을 고려하고 이음부의 피로파괴 특성과 반복하중하에서의 사용성 평가를 위해 결과 분석을 수행하였다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2006년도 춘계학술발표회 논문집(I)
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• pp.274-277
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• 2006

There are many structures attacked by chloride ions near a marine environment. And they are attacked by a salt of de-icing chemicals. So, the embedded reinforcement is corroded. In the same time, these are under a fatigue loading by a traffic loading in bridges. In previous studies, there are many researches that deal with a bond behavior under a monotonic loading according to the rate of a steel corrosion. But there are most cases that the steel corrosion and the repeated loading are acted on structures simultaneously. So, in this study, it is investigated a fatigue-bond behavior of RC structures under a steel corrosion and a fatigue loading. Main variables of the test are a corrosion of steel reinforcement and a level of stress.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.69-81
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• 1988

The Repeated Load Triaxial and Oedometer Tests to the weathered granite & silty clay soil have been fulfilled to investigate their dynarnic characteristics. The results obtained are summarized as follows ; 1. In the relation between the repeated triaxial compression and the oedometer test, the recoverable strain of weathered granite soil showed a tendency to decrease by the increase of the repeated loads number(N), and that of silty clay showed approximately constant values while the total strain increased continuously. 2. The changes of plastic strain was dependent to the level of deviator stress which is the most important element in the calculation of soil deformation under repeated load condition. And there was a significance of 10% between the level of stress and plastic strain. 3. When the soil was aimost dried or saturated to 100%, the deformation by the repeated loads was small. However the deformation showed peak around the saturation of 50%. 4. When the deformation was predicted by the repeated triaxial load tests of a laboratory, it is desirable to introduce the threshold stress concept in the calculation of deformation of subgrade of the pavement. 5. The improved design equation (Eq. 16) introducing the modulus of conversion(Fo), which is based on the Boussineq' s theory, is considered to be rational in the design of flexible pavement. From the above results, the deformation to the repeated traffic loads could be predicted by the repeated triaxial tests on the pavement materials or undisturbed soil layers, therefore it is think that the durable and econornic pavement could be constructed by reflecting that to the design.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2012

흙노반으로 이루어진 철도 구간의 경우 반복적인 하중재하에 따라 탄성상태로 복귀하는 회복변형과 영구 변형이 동시에 발생한다. 따라서 열차하중이 반복적으로 작용하는 철도하부 지반에서의 변형예측을 위하여 반복하중에 대한 장기변형 예측이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 최적함수비 범위에서의 최적함수비의 일반토사를 대상으로 진동삼축압축시험과 원형토조시험을 통해 반복하중에 따른 변형 특성을 비교하였으며, 파워함수 모델을 이용하여 각 재료별 축차응력과 반복횟수를 고려한예측모델식을 제안하였다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.209-218
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• 2010

장기간 동안 활하중의 반복재하로 인한 응력누적에 의해 발생하는 피로현상은 강교량의 내구수명을 지배하는 주요 인자중 하나이다. 본 논문은 차량 주행시 동적효과가 비교적 크게 일어나는 일반적인 중소규모의 플레이트 거더교를 대상으로 피로수명에 영향을 미치는 교통하중의 특성을 검토하였다. 검토결과, 피로수명은 시간교통량과 대형차 혼입율이 증가할수록 짧아지고, 교통하중특성의 영향을 받는다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 검토결과를 토대로 피로수명에 영향을 주는 교통하중의 특성을 대표할 수 있는 새로운 파라미터를 제시하고, 그 유용성을 확인하였다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1042-1049
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• 2007

Recently, a theoretically-sound design approach, using an elastic multilayer model, is attempted in trackbed designs for the construction of high speed railways and new lines of conventional railways. In the elastic multilayer model, the stress-dependent resilient modulus($E_R$) is an important input parameter, that is, reflects substructure performance under repeated traffic loading. However, the evaluation method for resilient modulus using repeated loading triaxial test is not fully developed for practical purpose, because of costly equipment and the significantly fluctuated values depending on the testing equipment and laboratory personnel. In this study, the paper will present an indirect method to estimate the resilient modulus using dynamic properties. The resilient modulus of crushed stone, which is the typical material of sub-ballast, was calculated with the measured dynamic properties and the range of stress level of the sub-ballast, and approximated with the power model combined with bulk and deviatoric stresses. The resilient modulus of coarse grained material decreases with increasing deviatoric stress at a confining pressure, and increases with increasing bulk stress. Sandy soil(SM classified from Unified Soil Classification System) of subgrade was also evaluated and best fitted with the power model of deviatoric stress only.