• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.383-390
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• 2014

The safety of a new natural plant composition (ADP) was assessed on the genotoxicity study and 14-day repeat dose toxicity study. ADP contains a mixed water extract obtained from the mixture of Phellodendron cortex (Phellodendron amurense) and Anemarrhena rhizoma (Anemarrhena asphodeloides), and poses the contractile properties mediated by alpha-adrenoceptor of the prostate and urethra as well as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In order to evaluate genetic safety, in vivo micronucleus test was performed in ICR mice orally administered with three dose levels of 1250, 2500, 5000 mg/kg body weight, and vehicle and positive control. In the 14 days study, Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with ADP at the dose levels of 500, 1000, 2000 mg/kg once a day, and clinical signs, body weights, hematology, serum biochemistry, necropsy findings and organ weights were monitored and examined. In experimental results, ADP treatment, compared with vehicle control, did not induce the micronucleated erythrocytes from mouse bone marrow. In the 14 days study, any significant and toxicological differences in all measurements of parameters were not observed in ADP treatment groups of animals, compared with vehicle treatment. The No-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Level (NOAEL) of ADP in the 14 days study was determined to be greater than 2000 mg/kg/day in both sexes.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제62권2호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2019

Purpose: Myotonic dystrophy, also known as dystrophia myotonica (DM), is an autosomal dominant disorder with 2 genetically distinct forms. DM type 1 (DM1) is the more common form and is caused by abnormal expansion of cytosine/thymine/guanine (CTG) repeats in the DM protein kinase (DMPK ) gene. Our study aimed to determine whether the age of onset is correlated with CTG repeat length in a population of pediatric patients with DM1. Methods: We retrospectively identified 30 pediatric patients with DM1 that underwent DMPK testing, of which the clinical data of 17 was sufficient. The cohort was divided into 2 subgroups based on the clinical phenotype (congenital-onset vs. late-onset) and number of CTG repeats (<1,000 vs. ${\geq}1,000$). Results: We found no significant difference between the age of onset and CTG repeat length in our pediatric patient population. Based on clinical subgrouping, we found that the congenital-onset subgroup was statistically different with respect to several variables, including prematurity, rate of admission to neonatal intensive care unit, need for respiratory support at birth, hypotonia, dysphagia, ventilator dependence, and functional status on last visit, compared to the late-onset subgroup. Based on genetic subgrouping, we found a single variable (poor feeding in neonate) that was significantly different in the large CTG subgroup than that in the small CTG subgroup. Conclusion: Clinical variables exhibiting statistically significant differences between the subgroups should be focused on prognosis and designing tailored management approaches for the patients; our findings will contribute to achieve this important goal for treating patients with DM1.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2021

The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is the master transcriptional regulator in adipogenesis. PPARγ forms a heterodimer with another nuclear receptor, retinoid X receptor (RXR), to form an active transcriptional complex, and their transcriptional activity is tightly regulated by the association with either coactivators or corepressors. In this study, we identified T-cell death-associated gene 51 (TDAG51) as a novel corepressor of PPARγ-mediated transcriptional regulation. We showed that TDAG51 expression is abundantly maintained in the early stage of adipogenic differentiation. Forced expression of TDAG51 inhibited adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. We found that TDAG51 physically interacts with PPARγ in a ligand-independent manner. In deletion mutant analyses, large portions of the TDAG51 domains, including the pleckstrin homology-like, glutamine repeat and proline-glutamine repeat domains but not the proline-histidine repeat domain, are involved in the interaction with the region between residues 140 and 506, including the DNA binding domain, hinge, ligand binding domain and activation function-2 domain, in PPARγ. The heterodimer formation of PPARγ-RXRα was competitively inhibited in a ligand-independent manner by TDAG51 binding to PPARγ. Thus, our data suggest that TDAG51, which could determine adipogenic cell fate, acts as a novel negative regulator of PPARγ by blocking RXRα recruitment to the PPARγ-RXRα heterodimer complex in adipogenesis.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2020

Recently, M/G/1 priority queues with a finite buffer for high-priority customers and an infinite buffer for low-priority customers have applied to the analysis of communication systems with two heterogeneous traffics : delay-sensitive traffic and loss-sensitive traffic. However, these studies are limited to M/G/1 priority queues with finite and infinite buffers under a work-conserving priority discipline such as the nonpreemptive or preemptive resume priority discipline. In many situations, if a service is preempted, then the preempted service should be completely repeated when the server is available for it. This study extends the previous studies to M/G/1 priority queues with finite and infinite buffers under the preemptive repeat-different and preemptive repeat-identical priority disciplines. We derive the loss probability of high-priority customers and the waiting time distributions of high- and low-priority customers. In order to do this, we utilize the delay cycle analysis of finite-buffer M/G/1/K queues, which has been recently developed for the analysis of M/G/1 priority queues with finite and infinite buffers, and combine it with the analysis of the service time structure of a low-priority customer for the preemptive-repeat and preemptive-identical priority disciplines. We also present numerical examples to explore the impact of the size of the finite buffer and the arrival rates and service distributions of both classes on the system performance for various preemptive priority disciplines.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.123-135
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• 2005

3GPP는 RLC 프로토콜 명세서에서 신뢰할 수 있는 데이타 전송을 위해 window에 의해 조절되는 selective-repeat ARQ 방식을 채택하였다. 3GPP의 ARQ는 selective-repeat ARQ 부류에 속하므로 재정렬 문제가 불가피하게 야기된다. 긴 재정렬 시간은 throughput 및 지연 성능의 열화를 빚어내고 재정렬 버퍼의 범람을 불러올 수 있다. 또한 데이타의 상실 및 지연에 모두 민감한 서비스의 요구 조건을 수용하기 위해 재정렬 시간은 반드시 통제되어야 한다. 3GPP ARQ에서 window의 크기나 상태 보고 주기를 줄여 재정렬 버퍼의 점유량을 감소시킬 수 있다. 이로 인해 throughput 및 지연 성능이 저하되고 역방향 채널의 자원이 잠식된다. 재정렬 버퍼의 점유량을 줄이는 동시에 throughput 및 지연 성능의 열화를 억제하기 위한 방안으로 본 논문에서는 post-threshold 방식과 pre-threshold 방식이라는 threshold에 의존하는 점유량 조절 방식을 제안한다. 제안한 방식의 효과성을 판단하기 위해 fading 채널 등 실제적인 환경에서 최고 점유량, 최대 throughput, 평균 지연을 조사한다. 모의 실험 결과로부터 제안한 방식이 점유량과 throughput 간에 trade-off를 불러옴을 관찰한다. 또한 post-threshold 방식은 3GPP의 ARQ와 비교하여 재정렬 버퍼의 점유량을 증가시키지 않고 throughput 및 지연 성능을 향상시킬 수 있음을 확인한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.4617-4622
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• 2014

Background: Several studies have previously focused on associations between the (GT)n repeat polymorphism of the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene promoter region and risk of cancers, but results are complex. We conducted the present meta-analysis to integrate relevant findings and evaluate the association between HO-1(GT)n repeat polymorphism and cancer susceptibility. Materials and Methods: Published literature was retrieved from the PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE and ISI Web of Science databases before November 2013. For all alleles and genogypes, odds ratios were pooled to assess the strength of the associations using either fixed-effects or random-effects models according to heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis was conducted according to ethnicity and histopathology. Results: A total of 10 studies involving 2,367 cases and 2,870 controls were identified. The results showed there was no association between HO-1 (GT)n repeat polymorphism and the cancer risk both at the allelic and genotypic level. However, in the stratified analysis, we observed an increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma in persons carrying the LL genotype and the LL+LS genotype as compared with those carrying the SS genotype. When the LS and SS genotypes were combined, the odds ratio for squamous cell carcinoma in LL-genotype carriers, were also significantly increased. No publication bias was observed. Conclusions: The LL genotype and L-allele carrying genotypes (LL+LS) of HO-1 (GT)n repeat polymorphism are potential genetic factors for developing squamous cell carcinoma. More large and well-designed studies are required for further validations.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.170-175
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• 2018

파킨슨병은 두번째로 많이 발병하는 퇴행성 신경질환이며 약 5-10%는 유전된다. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2(LRRK2)는 그 돌연변이의 일부가 파킨슨병을 일으키는 유전자이다. LRRK2에는 인산화효소와 GTPase 기능이 있는 도메인과 함께 단백질 상호작용에 관여하는 Leucine-rich repeat (LRR), WD40 도메인이 존재하여, LRRK2와 상호작용하는 단백질이 파킨슨병 발병에 중요한 역할을 함을 암시한다. 우리는 이러한 LRRK2와 상호작용하는 단백질을 규명하여 그 단백질의 세포내 기능을 통해 역으로 LRRK2의 기능을 밝히고자 하였다. NIH3T3 세포 용해물을 LRRK2 항체와 IgG로 각각 면역침강하여 LRRK2 항체 침강반응에서만 특이적으로 나타나는 단백질 밴드를 질량 분석한 결과, methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MRS)로 나타났다. LRRK2와 MRS의 상호작용은 면역침강반응과 GST-pull down assay를 통해 확인됐다. 병을 유발하는, LRRK2의 돌연변이인 G2019S가 인산화효소 활성을 증가시키므로 LRRK2가 MRS를 인산화하는 지를 조사한 결과, LRRK2재조합단백질은 MRS 단백질을 인산화 하지 않았다. 또한 이들 두 단백질의 각각의 양 증가가 상대 단백질의 양 증가, 즉 안정성에 영향을 미치는 지를 조사하였으나 안정성의 변화를 관찰하지 못하였다. 결론적으로, MRS는 LRRK2와 상호작용을 하지만 LRRK2 인산화효소의 기질은 아니다.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2011

목적: 본 연구는 안경원에서의 안경용 초음파세척기를 이용한 소프트렌즈 세척 실태를 조사하고 세척용기를 달리하였을 때의 단백질 제거 효과를 비교하기 위하여 수행되었다. 방법: 서울시 소재 75개 안경원을 대상으로 소프트렌즈 세척 실태에 관한 설문조사를 실시하였다. 또한 인공누액을 사용하여 소프트렌즈에 인위적으로 단백질을 침착시킨 후 세척용기를 달리하여 안경용 초음파세척기로 세척한 후 단백질 잔존량을 측정함으로써 세척효율을 비교하였다. 또한 반복적인 초음파 세척으로 인한 소프트렌즈의 표면과 습윤성 변화를 분석하였다. 결과: 안경원에서 콘택트렌즈 세척에 안경용 초음파세척기를 이용하는 주목적은 신속함 때문임을 확인하였다. 세척용기로 플라스틱 렌즈 용기와 유리병 렌즈용기를 사용하고 안경용 초음파세척기로 소프트렌즈를 세척한 경우 유리병 렌즈용기를 사용하였을 때 세척효율이 높은 경향을 보였으나 유의성 있는 차이는 아니었다. 한편 반복적인 초음파 처리로 인하여 소프트렌즈의 표면과 습윤성의 변화가 나타남을 관찰할 수 있었다. 결론: 안경용 초음파세척기 이용 시 세척용기로 플라스틱 렌즈용기와 유리병 렌즈용기의 사용이 모두 효과적이었지만 반복적인 초음파 세척 시에는 세척용기를 사용하였다 하더라도 초음파로 인한 소프트렌즈의 변성이 우려되므로 주의를 기울여 사용하여야 것이다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.108-118
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• 1990

Splanchnic nerve block (SNB) is performed to relieve intractable upper abdominal pain caused by carcinoma of the upper G-I tract. Not all patients achieve satisfactory pain relief; therefore, a second or third nerve block trial may need to be performed. In this study, an attempt was made to analyze the possible factors which might affect the result of repeated SNB in 42 the patients among 264 patients who received SNB at Severance Hospital during the period from January 1985 to December 1989. The results are as follows: 1) Among the 42 patients, including 30 males and 12 females, the fifties and forties were the major age groups. 2) Among the underlying diseases, stomach cancer was the most common (18 cases) and pancreatic cancer was next (14 cases). 3) The main locations of pain were the upper abdomen, epigastrium and entire abdomen in decreasing order. 4) Among the thirty-nine cases of first SNB combined with ascites, 13 cases received a repeat block, 81.0% of whom had had metastatic lesion. 5) There were 54.2% who had had single or combined treatment, operation, chemotherapy or radiotherapy before SNB. 6) Twently seven cases (64.3%) had received opioid medication for pain control. 7) In the 75% alcohol group, 11.7% of patients required a second block, and in the pure and 50% alcohol group, 9.6% of patients required a second block within two weeks of the first block. Three cases in both of these repeated block groups required a third block; representing 3.9%, of the 75% alcohol group and 1.6% of the pure and 50% alcohol group. 8) The volume of alcohol used was more than 16 ml bilaterally in both cases. 9) The points of the inserted needle were positioned in the upper and anterolateral part of the $L_1$ vertebra on both sides on the anteroposterior roentgenogram. The contrast media was spread upward along the anterior margin of the vertebral body and posteriorly in repeat block. The frequency of repeat block was higher in cases with ascites or metastasis. The instance of repeat block within 2 weeks of the first block was lower in the pure and 50% alcohol group than in the 75% alcohol group. Thus, alcohol concentration and patient status may be considered factors which influence the result of repeated SNB. We suggest early application of SNB in upper abdominal cancer patients.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 이동통신채널에서 발생하는 간섭현상을 제거하기 위한 적응형 채널추정(adaptive channel estimate) 알고리듬을 제안하였다. 기존 LMS 알고리듬은 입출력사이 오차를 줄이기 위해 사용하는 첫 기준신호의 선택에 따라 수렴속도와 오차정확도에 많은 영향을 받는다. 본 논문에서 제안한 적응형 채널추정 알고리듬은 간섭신호와 유사한 기준신호를 정하기 위해 LMS 알고리듬을 수행하기 전에 병렬의 컨볼루션 연산을 수행한다 컨볼루션 연산을 통해 출력된 신호는 채널의 지연시간과 진폭특성을 가지고 있어 간섭신호와 유사한 특성을 가진다. 제안된 알고리듬의 성능평가는 이동통신환경과 유사한 Jake's 모델에 Doppler 주파수는 130 Hz, Random한 5개의 경로가 존재하는 Rayliegh 다중경로 채널환경에서 실험하였다. 모의실험결과 기존 LMS 알고리듬은 데이터 150개를 반복 수행함으로써 약 -40 dB의 제곱오차수렴을 보였고 제안한 적응형 채널추정 알고리듬은 데이터 200개를 반복 수행함으로써 약 -80 dB의 제곱오차수렴을 보였다. 데이터의 반복연산에 따른 수렴속도는 다소 증가하였으나 제곱오차정확도는 약 40 dB의 우수한 개선특성을 보였다.