• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 1999

Purpose The single administration of PAN(Puromycin-Aminonudeoside) to rats results in nephropathy that are similar to human minimal change nephrotic syndrome. Recently several studies indicate the pathophyslological importance of oxygen free radicals in rats with PAN-induced nephrosis. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of $\alpha$-tocopherol, an oxygen free radical scavenger, on the histologic and biochemical changes of PAN-induced nephrosis in rats. Methods : Twenty-one Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 180-300 gm were divided into 3 groups. In group I (control group), the rats were given saline intraperitoneally for 12 days, in group II the rats were given PAN 7.5mg/100g of body weight intravenously one time and group III PAN intravenously, followed by $\alpha$-tocopherol 0.5 mg/100g of body weight jntramuscularly for 12 days. Twenty four hour urinary protein and creatinine excretion were measured on day 0, 5, 11 and 18. On the 18th day, rats were sacrificed for the determination of total serum protein, albumin and cholesterol levels. To estimate renal injuries by oxygen free radical, lipid peroxide concentration and reduced glutathione were measured in renal cortex. Histological examination in rat glomerular lesions were performed. Results : From the 5th days of PAN administration, urine protein/creatinine of group II and III were significantly increased compared the group I (P<0.05). But, urine protein/creatinine of group III was significantly lower than group II at 18th days (P<0.05). Total serum protein and albumin of group II were significantly lower than those of group III (P<0.05). Serum cholesterol of group II was significantly higher than that of group III (P<0.05). Lipid peroxide and reduced glutathione in renal cortex of group II were significantly higher than that of group I and III (P<0.05). Electron microscopic strudies of group II showed the loss of epithelial foot processes, but in group III showed preservation of epithelial foot processes. Conclusion : PAN-induced nephropathy was ameliorated significant recovery of foot process change and reduction of the urinary protein excretion by antioxidant, $\alpha$-tocopherol.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.86-92
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• 2005

Goodpasture's syndrome is a disease that is characterized by hemoptysis, anemia, and glomerulonephritis with renal failure. Goodpasture reported a case of a young man who expired as a result of a pulmonary hemorrhage and glomerulonephritis at the recovery phase after an influenza infection in 1919. In 1958, Stanton et al. described a combined case of these two diseases as Goodpasture's syndrome. Since then, antiglomerular basement membrane antibody(anti-GBM Ab) has been confirmed to play an important role in the mechanism of this syndrome, and it was reported that this syndrome was an autoimmune disease. The triad of alveolar hemorrhage, glomerulonephritis and circulating anti-GBM Ab forms the basis of a diagnosis of Goodpasture's syndrome. When patients are affected by disease, the relief of symptoms can be accomplished by eliminating the anti-GBM Ab from the circulatory system through hemodialysis, plasmapheresis and immunoabsorption. However, the patients usually die from a massive pulmonary hemorrhage when the diagnosis or treatment is delayed. The incidence of Goodpasture's syndrome is common in the western world, but it is extremely rare in Korea with only five cases being reported. In three of these cases, pulmonary hemorrhage and renal failure was the initial manifestation. Therefore, hemodialysis or plasmapheresis were absolutely essential treatments. We report a case of Goodpasture's syndrome in Korea with a normal renal function.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.65 no.2
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• pp.116-120
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• 2008

Rifampin is one of the first line drugs for treating tuberculosis, but it might be associated with serious adverse effects, including renal failure. We report here on a case of a 57-year-old patient who developed Henoch-$Sh{\ddot{o}}nlein$ purpura during antituberculosis therapy that included rifampin. The patient converted to negative on the AFB smear for tuberculosis two weeks after the initial administration of antituberculosis medication. After treatment for 60 days, this patient was diagnosed with Henoch-$Sh{\ddot{o}}nlein$ purpura by the purpura lesion on the lower legs, the leukocytoclastic vasculitis, the renal impairment and the pathological examination. After stopping rifampin, the skin lesions disappeared in about 10 days and his renal function gradually improved. This case study showed that Henoch-$Sh{\ddot{o}}nlein$ purpura can be caused by rifampin during antituberculosis therapy and we recommend that the use of rifampin should be restrained when clinical symptoms of Henoch-$Sh{\ddot{o}}nlein$ purpura are observed.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.119-123
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• 2009

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) arising from epithelial cells of the renal tubules is a highly aggressive and malignant tumor in all ages; however, it rarely occurs in children. the standard treatment for RCC is radical nephrectomy with lymph node dissection when the tumor is localized and can be completely resected. Adjuvant chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy are used for pediatric patients with advanced RCC involving lymph nodes or metastatic lesions. Sorafenib is an oral, multikinase inhibitor that has recently been approved for use in metastatic RCC. Common toxicities that have been reported include dermatologic changes such as rash or desquamation and hand-foot skin reaction, diarrhea, fatigue, alopecia, and hypertension. In particular, hand-foot syndrome (HFS) an erythematous skin lesion of the palms and solesis most often caused by cytostatic chemotherapeutic agents. In this report, we have studied a 14-year-old female patient with hand-foot syndrome that occurred in association with sorafenib for the treatment of metastatic RCC. Furthermore, this case demonstrates that reversal of complications can be achieved by discontinuing the drug and intervention with topical steroids, vitamin E, and high-dose pyridoxine.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.5043-5047
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• 2015

Background: Relatively little is known with certainty about the status and role of p53 or MDM2 in predicting prognosis and survival of renal cell carcinoma. The present study aimed to determine the value of P53 and MDM2 over-expression, alone and simultaneously, to predict five-year survival of patients with kidney cancer in Iran. Materials and Methods: Patients with kidney cancer referred to Hasheminejad Kidney Center between 2007 and 2009, underwent radical nephrectomy and had pathology reports of clear cell, papillary or chromophobe renal cell carcinoma were included in our cohort study. Other histological types of renal cell carcinoma were not included. The patients with missed, incomplete or poor quality paraffin blocks were also excluded. Overall ninety one patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. To assess the histopathological features of the tumor, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples were performed. The five-year survival was determined by the patients' medical files and telephone following-up. Results: In total, 1.1% of all samples were revealed to be positive for P53. Also, 20.8% of all samples were revealed to be positive for MDM2.The patients were all followed for 5 years. In this regard, 5-year mortality was 30.5% and thus 5-year survival was 85.3%. According to the Cox proportional hazard analysis, positive P53 marker was only predictor for patients' 5-year survival that the presence of positive p53 increased the risk for long-term mortality up to 2.8 times (HR=2.798, 95%CI: 1.176-6.660, P=0.020). However, the presence of MDM2 could not predict long-term mortality. In this regard, analysis by the ROC curve showed a limited role for predicting long-term survival by confirming P53 positivity (AUC=0.610, 95%CI: 0.471-.750, P=0.106). The best cutoff point for P53 to predict mortality was 0.5 yielding a low sensitivity (32.0%) but a high specificity (97.9%). In similar analysis, measurement of MDM2 positivity could not predict mortality (AUC=0.449, 95%CI: 0.316-.583, P=0.455). Conclusions: The simultaneous presence of both P53 and MDM2 markers in our population is a rare phenomenon and the presence of these markers may not predict long-term survival in patients who undergoing radical nephrectomy.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.93-98
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• 2008

Rare cases of IgG associated mesangial glomerulonephritis(IgG GN) defined by exclusive or predominant mesangial IgG deposits were reported first by Sato et al.(1993). and subsequently 10 pediatric cases were reported by Yoshikawa et al.(1994). Previous reports suggested that the prognosis of IgG GN is relatively benign course but recent report suggested that prognosis of IgG GN is highly variable. Also the recurrence of IgG GN in a renal transplant was reported by Fakhouri et al. (2002). Such a recurrence highlights the specificity of this type of glomerulonephritis. We experienced two pediatric cases of IgG GN proven by renal biopsy. Case 1. 4-year-old girl with nephrotic syndrome admitted because of general edema. The patient's urinalysis showed proteinuria and microscopic hematuria. Renal biopsy was performed because of relapsed nephritic syndrome. Light microscopic finding was nonspecific with almost normal histology. Immunofluorescent findings showed diffuse segmental IgG(+) and IgM(+) deposits in the capillary walls, and focal segmental spotty C4(trace), C1q(trace) deposits. Electron microscopic findings showed focal portion of mesangial electron dense deposits without mesangial widening. Case 2. 11-year-old girl admitted for evaluation of microsopic hematuria detected through mass school urinary screening program. Renal biopsy was performed for exact diagnosis. Immunofluorescent findings showed focal segmental IgG(+), IgM(+/-) and C3(+/-) deposits. Electron microscopic findings showed focal portion of mesangial electron dense deposits without mesangial widening.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.83 no.5
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• pp.1109-1115
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• 2022

Renal angiomyolipomas (AMLs) are typically solid tumors, but there have been few reports of a rare cystic variant of AML. AML with epithelial cysts, where the epithelial cyst has a cuboidal epithelial lining, account for the majority of them. Next, epithelioid AML (EAML) with cystic changes due to hemorrhage and necrosis, which is composed of epithelioid cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, have also been reported. These rare cystic types of AML can be mistaken for other cystic tumors, such as cystic renal cell carcinoma, in preoperative imaging. We report the imaging findings of a rare case of EAML with epithelial cysts.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2013

C3 glomerulonephritis (C3GN) is a recently described entity that shows a glomerulonephritis on light microscopy, bright C3 staining and the absence of C1q, C4, and immunoglobulins on immunofluorescence microscopy and mesangial and/or subendothelial electron-dense deposits on electron microscopy. The term 'C3 glomerulopathy' is often used to include C3GN and dense deposit disease (DDD), CFHR5 nephropathy, those of which result from dysregulation of the alternative pathway of complement. C3GN shares some aspects of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, MPGN, late stage of post infectious glomerulonephritis and other glomerulonephrtis. When C3GN is considered, measurement of serum complement proteins including C3, CFH, CFI, CFB and testing for the presence of C3 nephritic factor, anti-factor H autoantibodies are necessary. To screening for mutations, genes that encode complement regulators should be evaluated. This disorder equally affected all ages, both genders, and typically presented with hematuria and proteinuria. In both the short and long term, renal function remained stable in the majority of patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.6501-6504
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• 2012

Background: Multiple myeloma is the most common malignant plasma cell dyscrasia and ranks second among primary haematological malignancies. This study describes the epidemiologic, clinical and pathologic profile of monoclonal gammopathies seen in the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI), a tertiary care referral centre. Materials and Method: A retrospective analysis of 85 cases diagnosed at UHWI over the 5-year period 2003-2007 was conducted. The cases were identified from the bone marrow records as well as the computerized database of the Medical Records Department. Clinical presentation, family and personal history and demographic data were retrieved. Haematological and biochemical results were also analyzed. Results: There were 85 patients diagnosed with monoclonal gammopathies. The M:F ratio was 1.2:1 and the mean age was $65.7{\pm}1.3$ years. Eighty percent of the patients had skeletal pain and 40% experienced weight loss. Of the patients experiencing bone pain 56.7% had multiple lytic lesions, 26.7% had pathological fractures and 26.7% had compression fractures. Seventy-four patients (87.1%) had a haemoglobin level <12.0 g/dL with 52.9% having values <8.0 g/dL. Renal impairment was evident at diagnosis in 36.5%. Hypercalcemia was seen in 26.5% and hyperuricemia in 45.9%. Of the 79 patients who had serum protein electrophoresis performed, 77.2% had at least one monoclonal band and of these 24.6% had a monoclonal protein also present on urine protein electrophoresis. Conclusions: The demographic profile in this group of patients is largely similar to other studies in predominantly Caucasian populations; however there was a notable increase in prevalence of severe disease at presentation, with the majority of patients presenting at the most advanced stage. It is probable that these differences reflect socioeconomic factors and not merely inherent ethnic variation in disease biology.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2012

This study was designed to investigate the effects of a new herbal medicine named CWS-A on the changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) in normal rats, and further to determine the mechanism of action. Also, this study was designed to investigate the effects of CWS-A on the changes in rCBF in cerebral ischemic rats and the safety examination of CWS-A in rats regared to body weight change, renal and liver function test, CBC, $LD_{50}$ and histological observation in rats. The rCBF was significantly and stably increased and MABP was significantly decreased by CWS-A during the period of cerebral reperfusion in normal rats. However, there were no here were no significant changes of rCBF in ischemic rats. In additional, there were no significant changes on the safety examination. In conclusion, these results suggest that medication of CWS-A is effective for the improve the cerebral blood flow and CWS-A can be prescribed as vertigo(眩暈) symptoms treatment.