• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권14호
• /
• pp.6061-6066
• /
• 2015

Methotrexate (Mtx), used for its anticancer and immunsuppresive properties, is known to be a nephrotoxic agent. We aimed to investigate the effects of lycopene (Lyc) alone or combined with melatonin (Mel) on Mtxinduced nephrotoxicity since both of these agents have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Nephrotoxicity was induced by intraperitoneal administration of methotrexate at a dose of 20 mg/kg. Treatment both with Lyc alone and Lyc combined with Mel provided significant reduction in tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1-beta and ceruloplasmin levels in Mtx administered rats. Hovewer, Lyc combined with Mel provided a significant reduction also in NO levels. Hstopathological examination showed that there was an obvious improvement in the degenerative changes compared to Mtx administrated group with the Lyc combined Mel group giving best protection. In conclusion Lyc alone and combined with Mel provided significant improvement against renal damage caused by Mtx, preseumably via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제41권2호
• /
• pp.227-231
• /
• 2017

Background: Ginsenosides are active components of Panax ginseng that exert various health benefits including kidney protection effect. The medicinal activity of ginsenosides can be enhanced by modulating their stereospecificity by heat processing. Ginsenosides Rk2 and Rh3 represent positional isomers of the double bond at C-20(21) or C-20(22). Methods: The present study investigated the kidney-protective effects of ginsenosides Rk2 and Rh3 against cisplatin, a platinum based anticancer drug, induced apoptotic damage in renal proximal LLC-PK1 cells. Results: As a result, ginsenoside Rh3 shows a stronger protective effect than that shown by Rk2. Cisplatin-induced elevated protein levels of phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38, and cleaved caspase-3 decreased after cotreatment with ginsenoside Rh3. The increase in the percentage of apoptotic LLC-PK1 cells induced by cisplatin treatment also significantly reduced after cotreatment with ginsenoside Rh3. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that inhibition of the JNK and ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascade plays a critical role in mediating the renoprotective effect of ginsenoside Rh3.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.87-96
• /
• 2002

In this study, we wanted to determine if the respirotropic JMK strain of infectious bronchitis virus(IBV), which has a spike glycoprotein gene that is 99% similar to the nephropathogenic Gray strain of IBV, could adapt and cause lesions in the kidney following intracloacal passage in chickens. Two day old specific pathogen free(SPF) cchickens were infected with Gray and JMK strains by the intraocular and cloacal route. Several tissue samples were collected at various times. Viruses were recovered from more tissues and earlier in the infection from chickens infected cloacally than chickens infected intraocularly. Virus was isolated from the kidney of chickens infected with Gray by the intraocular route and JMK by the intracloacal route, but not from chicken given JMK the intraocular route. Histopathologically, interstitial nephritis was observed in Gray infected chickens. However, viral RNA or antigen were not detected in the kidney by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. We further passaged the JMK strain ten times in two day old SPF chickens using cloacal inoculation. We examined the virus titer and histopathological change in the kidney at each passage level. The amount of virus recovered from the kidney was stable throughout this serial passage and the passaged virus did not caused renal damage. Further, virus could not be isolated from the kidney when chickens were infected with the passaged virus by the intraocular route. We conclude that the JMK strain has a strict upper respiratory tract tropism since cloacal passage did not produce nephrotropism or nephropathogenicity.

• 식품보건융합연구
• /
• 제5권5호
• /
• pp.33-36
• /
• 2019

Arginine is one of the basic aminoacid found to be associated with histones and also one of the essential aminoacids now. Arginine is provided by diet, and also found to be synthesised in the body through intestinal-renal axis. Justification---BMI---Associated Risks-How to gain body weight---Healthy. Foods to Gain Weight Fast---High-Protein Vegetables and Fruits(with Image)-Recipes---Physical exercises-List of fruits and vegetables grown in Bangladesh with local names, English names and Botanical names-taxonomic family names. Arginine as drug was first approved by FDA and has recognised as a excellent dietary supplement for curing diseases like preeclampsia during gestation, diabetes and insulin resistance in obese patients. Preeclampsia is characterised by high blood pressure and proteinuria in gestational period of after 20 weeks. Severe preeclampsia is characterised by headaches, blurred vision, and inability to have high photovision, nausea and vomiting. L-Arginine along with Vit C and E are given as medical food to the patients and decrease in condition symptoms is the project now under phase II clinical trial. However the role of arginine in ameolirating preeclampsia symptoms is uncertain except with that of hypertension. Arginine is used to treat pain in sickle cell anaemia, lung damage, reperfusion injury, Trauma and shock but should be excluded during sepsis.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.25-33
• /
• 2020

Several recent studies have reported that reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), play important roles in various cellular signaling networks. NADPH oxidase (Nox) isozymes have been shown to mediate receptor-mediated ROS generation for physiological signaling processes involved in cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and fibrosis. Detectable intracellular levels of ROS can be induced by the electron leakage from mitochondrial respiratory chain as well as by activation of cytochrome p450, glucose oxidase and xanthine oxidase, leading to oxidative stress. The up-regulation and the hyper-activation of NADPH oxidases (Nox) also likely contribute to oxidative stress in pathophysiologic stages. Elevation of the renal ROS level through hyperglycemia-mediated Nox activation results in the oxidative stress which induces a damage to kidney tissues, causing to diabetic nephropathy (DN). Nox inhibitors are currently being developed as the therapeutics of DN. In this review, we summarize Nox-mediated ROS generation and development of Nox inhibitors for therapeutics of DN treatment.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제45권2호
• /
• pp.240-246
• /
• 2002

목 적 : 신사구체 질환의 발생과 진행에 있어서 tumornecrosis factor-${\alpha}$($TNF-{\alpha}$)의 혈청 농도가 관련이 있다는 것과 혈청 농도보다는 신장내 농도가 더 중요하다는 주장이 있다. 이에 본 연구자들은 신사구체 신염 질환인 HSP 신염(HSN)과 신증후군 질환인 특발성 신증후군(INS)에서 $TNF-{\alpha}$와 단백뇨와의 관련성을 알아보고자 했다. 방 법: 1998년 3월부터 2001년 3월까지 충북대학교병원 소아과를 방문한 HSP 21명, INS 22명을 대상으로 혈액과 소변을 채취하였다. 단백뇨가 있는 경우는 24시간 동안 단백량을 creatinine에 대한 비를 구하여 비교하였다. $TNF-{\alpha}$의 농도 측정은 mouse anti-human $TNF-{\alpha}$ 항체를 이용한 sandwitch ELISA법을 이용하였다. 통계는 Statistical Analysis System(SAS)을 이용하여 Kruskall-Wallis test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, Spearmann test, paired t-test를 시행하였으며 유의 수준은 P<0.05를 기준으로 하였다. 결 과 : HSP에서 신장 침범이 없는 환아보다 신장 침범을 보인 환아에서 $TNF-{\alpha}$ 농도는 혈청에서 높았으나(P=0.009) 요에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다(P=0.088). HSN에서 혈청 $TNF-{\alpha}$의 농도에 비례하여 요단백이 의미 있게 증가하였고(P=0.004), 요 $TNF-{\alpha}$의 농도에 따라 요단백이 증가하는 양상이었지만 통계적 의의는 없었다(P=0.053). INS에서 단백뇨와 관련하여 혈청에서 P=0.763, 요에서 P=0.007으로 요의 $TNF-{\alpha}$의 농도에서만 통계적 의의가 있었다. 결 론: HSN에서 혈청 $TNF-{\alpha}$의 농도에 비례하는 신사구체의 손상으로 인해 요단백이 증가하고, INS에서는 여과된 단백에 의한 신세뇨관의 손상과 이에 따른 요의 $TNF-{\alpha}$의 증가로 추론할 수 있다. 따라서 HSP 환아에서 초기에 혈청 $TNF-{\alpha}$의 농도를 낮추는 치료를 시행함으로서 신염으로 이환되는 것을 예방하고, HSN 환아에서도 혈청 $TNF-{\alpha}$의 농도를 낮추는 치료를 적극적으로 하여 병의 진행을 막을 수 있을 것으로 사료되며, 신증후군에서는 단백뇨를 줄이는 치료를 하여 신장의 병변이 악화되는 것을 지연시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.72-79
• /
• 1999

서 론 : 방광요관역류로 인한 신조직의 손상은 소아에서 말기신부전 및 신성 고혈압의 중요한 원인중 하나이며 방광요관역류에 의한 신장변화는 조기에 발견될 경우 그 예방이 가능하다. 현재까지는 주로 반복적이며 항생제 치료에 잘 조절되지 않는 요로감염에서 방광요관역류를 의심하고 진단을 위한 방사선학적 진단법을 시행하였으나, 단발성의 요로감염 환아에서도 역류가 진행되어있는 경우를 경험하게 되므로, 요로감염이 있는 환아에서 방광요관역류를 조기에 의심할 수 있는 진단방법이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 요로감염이 있는 환아를 대상으로하여 방광요관역류가 있는 군과 방광요관역류가 없는 군에서 뇨중 ${\beta}_2$-microglobulin(${\beta}_2$-MG)을 측정하여 의미있는 차이가 있는지를 알아보고 그 차이가 요로감염이 진행중인 환아에서 방광요관역류의 존재의 지표로 이용될 수 있는지 여부를 확인하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 요로감염으로 처음 내원하여 치료를 시작하였던 57명의 환아를 대상으로 하였으며, 전례에서 방사선학적인 검사(복부초음파, DMSA scan 및 VCUG)를 시행하여, 단순 요로감염환아군과 요로감염이 있으면서 방광요관역류가 발견되었던 환아군으로 구분하였고, 각 군간의 무작위 추출 뇨중 ${\beta}_2$-MG치와 뇨중 creatinine치의 비율로 그 배설율을 비교하였다. 대상환아중 신독성 약물을 사용하였던 환아 및 ${\beta}_2$-MG의 생성 및 배출에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 질환을 앓고있는 환아는 본 연구에서 제외하였다. 결 과 : 전체 대상환아 57명중 남녀비는 28:29였고 평균연령은 $4.27{\pm}4.24$세 였다 요로감염이 배양검사상 확진된 례가 44례 였고, 임상적으로 요로감염이 의심되었던 례가 13례 였으며 배양된 균주는 E.coli($43.9\%$)와 Enterococcus($15.8\%$)가 가장 많았다. 방광요관역류는 12례($21.1\%$)에서 발견되었으며 평균연령은 $2.97{\pm}2.82$세로 단순 요로감염 환아군의 평균연령 $4.62{\pm}4.51$세에 비하여 낮은 경향을 보였고, 남녀비는 3:1로 남아가 많았다. 무작위 추출뇨중 평균 ${\beta}_2$-MG치는 단순 요로감염군 $0.19{\pm}0.16mg/dL$, 방광요관역류군 $2.2{\pm}5/91,g/dL$로 두군간에 의미있는 차이를 보였으며(P=0.03), ${\beta}_2$-MG/creatinine비는 단순 요로감염군은 $3.93{\pm}3.44$, 방광요관역류동반군은 $32.41{\pm}25.7$로 두군간에 의미있는 차이를 나타내었다(P=0.007). 두군간의 배양된 균주 및 균배양 양성율과 혈청 크레아틴치의 의미있는 차이는 없었다. 결 론 : 요로감염환자에서 무작위 추출뇨중 ${\beta}_2$-MG치와 배설율은 방광요관역류의 존재를 조기에 의심할 수 있게하는 검사법이며, 기존의 24시간뇨를 이용하여 측정하는 방법보다 간편하고 비용이 저렴하여 방광요관역류의 검색진단법으로서 유용하리라 생각되며 소아 고혈압과 말기신부전의 원인 질환중 많은 부분을 차지하고 있는 방광뇨관역류의 조기진단 및 조기치료로 그 이행율을 감소시키는데 많은 기여를 할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.35-55
• /
• 1993

cis-Dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) (cis-Platin), a metallic compound, has widely been used as an effective anticancer chemotherapeutic agent. The precise mechanism of action of this agent is still unknown, but it is postulated that cis-Platin may act on the cancer cell like bifunctional alkylating agents. Although this agent is very beneficial to the patients with cervical cancer, germinoma of testis, neuroblastoma and others, it may also damage to the normal cell so that many side effects; severe hemorrhagic enterocolitis, bone marrow depression, renal damage and liver damage will develope. This experiment has been undertaken to pursue the cytotoxic effects of the cis-Platin on the ultrastructures of the interalveolar septum in the mouse lung. A total of 55 healthy male mice of ICR strain were used as experimental animals and divided into 5 mice of normal control group and 50 mice of cis-Platin treated group. The mice of cis-Platin treated group were sacrificed by carotid exsanguination at 6, 12, 24 hours, 3 days and 7 days after intraperitoneal injection of 6.0 mg of cis-Platin ($Abiplatin^R$ Abic Co. Ltd.) per kg of mouse body weight. The specimen obtained from the lower lobe of left lung were sliced into $1mm^3$ and prefixed with 2% glutaraldehyde -2.5% paraformaldehyde solution prepared with Millonig's phosphatae buffer solution (pH 7.4) at $4^{\circ}C$ for 3-4 hours. After postfixation with 1% osmium tetroxide solution all specimens were embedded in Epon 812. Ultrathin sections about $600-800{\AA}$ in thickness were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and observed with Hitachi-600 electron microscope. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Local swellings with increase of electron density and number of pinocytic vesicles in the cytoplasms of the type I pneumocyte and endothelial cell of the blood air barrier in interalveolar septum of cis-platin treated mice were observed. 2. Cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum were dilated and sacculated in association with detachment of membrane bound ribosomes of the type II pneumocyte in interalveolar septum of cis-Platin treated mice. 3. Swollon mitochondria with uneven electron density of their matrix were observed in the type II pneumocyte of interalveolar septum in the cis-Platin treated mice. 4. The lamellae of lammelar bodies in type II pneumocyte of interalveolar septum in cis-Platin treated mice were devoided or transformed into homogeneous electron dense material. It is consequently suggested that cis-Platin would induce the cellular edema of type I pneumocyte and endothelial cell, and degenerative changes of cytoplasmic organelles of the type II pneumocyte in the interalveolar septum of the mouse lung.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제19권11호
• /
• pp.421-425
• /
• 2018

본 메탄올은 공업용 용매로 흔히 사용되는 무색의 휘발성, 유독성 액체이다. 메탄올 중독에 의해서 시각 장애는 흔히 나타나는 증상 및 후유증의 하나지만, 흡입으로 인한 중독에서는 잘 나타나지 않는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그렇기 때문에 메탄올을 흡인한 이후에 시력저하가 생긴 증례는 잘 발표되어 있지 않다. 우리는 산업장에서 호흡기를 통해서 메탄올이 흡입된 이후에 시력손실이 발생한 케이스를 보고하고자 한다. 한국의 한 휴대폰 공장에서 일하던 28세 여자환자가 의식저하로 응급실로 내원하였다. 그녀는 이틀 전부터 시야가 흐릿하게 보였지만 대수롭지 않게 여겨 따로 병원을 찾아가지 않았고, 의식저하가 발생하여서야 병원에 오게 되었다. 내원시 환자는 글래스고혼수척도 9점의 의식저하를 보였으며, 혈액 검사 결과 심한 대사성 산증을 보이고 있었다. 중환자실에 입원하여 응급 투석을 비롯하여 메탄올 중독에 대한 치료를 시행하였다. 치료 후 의식이 회복되어 퇴원할 수 있었으나, 6개월 후까지 재활치료를 받고 있으며, 영구적으로 시력저하가 남았다. 흡입을 통해서도 메탄올 중독이 발생 할 수 있으며, 이는 초기에 알아차리기가 쉽지 않다. 하지만 메탄올 중독의 치료는 시간과의 싸움이며, 초기에 빠르게 치료해야 예후가 좋다. 그러므로 흡입에 의한 중독 가능성을 항상 염두에 두어야 하며, 의심시에는 빠르게 치료를 해야만 한다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제49권1호
• /
• pp.48-56
• /
• 2023

Background: Few studies have assessed exposure to chemicals in the context of environmental vulnerability with a focus on exposure among populations living in certain geographical areas. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate cadmium exposure levels and kidney damage indices in environmentally and socioeconomically vulnerable populations, with further subgrouping according to economic status. Methods: Four areas were selected to represent geographical vulnerability (two environmentally vulnerable populations and two socioeconomically vulnerable populations). Among them, population groups with lower socioeconomic status (SES) were separately classified. Urinary cadmium (UCd), beta2-microglobulin (β2-MG), and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) levels were analyzed in samples from 245 residents of these four areas. Results: Geometric means of concentrations of UCd (0.97~2.02 ㎍/g creatinine) in all selected populations (N, 245; mean age, 67.8~70.9 years old) were higher than the national reference values (0.39 for adults and 0.78 ㎍/g creatinine for people in their 60s). Participants with a lower SES had higher UCd and NAG concentrations than did non-low SES participants. In the lower SES group, there was a significant association between UCd and NAG concentrations; however, there was no such correlation in the non-low SES group. Conclusions: Consistent with the findings of previous studies evaluating chemical exposure and associated health effects in specific populations, the findings of this study suggest that individuals with a low SES may be more vulnerable to exposure and related health effects.