• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 2002

The frequency of the hypertension is increasing as the life level is improved and an average span of the life is extended since we approached modern stage. The hypertension is also dangerous disease which raises fatal complication for example with the bleeding aproplexy and the ischemic attack. The medicinal treatment about the hypertension is required patients to take continually. The acupuncture have been introduced because a medicine-chemical treatment hasn't good influence on the human body. It recently has been processed that studies acupuncture effect for blood pressure and have been found out that blood pressure go down. The object of this study observe the effect of LR3 acupuncture on hypertension in Renal Hypertension RAT induced by 2K1C. The 2K1C model was based on renin-angiotensin system. We put the silver clip in renal artery to induce renal hypertension. We try to observe that LR3 acupuncture influence on the blood pressure and c-fos expression in CVLM, NTS, RVLM. In results, the blood pressure was decreased during acupuncture than before acupuncture, after acupuncture. The heart rate was also decreased during acupuncture than before acupuncture, after acupuncture. The LR3 acupuncture significantly effects on blood pressure and heart rate (P<0.05). The increased expression of c-fos was shown in CVLM, NTS, but not in RVLM. In conclusion, LR3 was relived the action of control upon the hypertension and related with medulla, particularly CVLM, NTS. It needs to be closely examined pharmacological mechanism and studied combination with other acupoints.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.351-356
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• 1999

The present study was aimed at investigating whether the calcium current in the vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells is altered in renal hypertension. Two-kidney, one clip (2K1C) and deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension were made in Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats without clipping the renal artery or implanting DOCA were used as control for 2K1C and DOCA-salt hypertension, respectively. Four weeks after clipping, systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in 2K1C rats than in control $(192{\pm}24\;and\;119{\pm}4$ mmHg, respectively, n=16 each). DOCA-salt rats also showed a higher blood pressure $(180{\pm}15$ mmHg, n=18) compared with control $(121{\pm}6$ mmHg, n=14). VSM cells were enzymatically and mechanically isolated from basilar arteries. Single relaxed VSM cells measured $5{\sim}10\;{\mu}m$ in width and $70{\sim}150\;{\mu}m$ in length were obtained. VSM cells could not be differentiated in size and shape between hypertensive and normotensive rats under light microscopy. High-threshold (L-type) calcium currents were recorded using whole-cell patch clamp technique. The amplitude of the current recorded from VSM cells was larger in 2K1C hypertension than in control. Neither the voltage-dependence of the calcium current nor the cell capacitance was significantly affected by 2K1C hypertension. By contrast, the amplitude of the calcium current was not altered in DOCA-salt hypertension. These results suggest that high-threshold calcium current of the VSM cells is altered in 2K1C hypertension, and that calcium channel may not be involved in calcium recruitment of VSM in DOCA-salt hypertension.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 2005

Objectives : Acupuncture has been used as treatment of disease in the korean medicine. In this study, it was investigated that effects of reduction of acupuncture techniques of five evolutive phase for appling excess in the heart, kidney on cardiovascular system as blood pressure and renin and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in plasma, cardiac hypertrophy. Materials and methods : The experiments were performed on Sprague Dawley rats, 2K1C hypertension model was prepared by constricting the left renal artery with a sliver clip. Animals were then divided into seven groups, 2K1C induced and no treated group (Control), acupuncture on SP3 HT7(AC-1), LR1 KI1 (AC-2), SP3 HT7 LR1 KI1 (AC-3). The treatments were performed once a day for 10 days in rats. Results : The results are that the blood pressure was significantly decreased at 15days in AC-1 group. The cardiac hypertrophy was significantly decrease in AC-3 group. The activity of plasma ANP was increased in all groups without AC-1 group and the that of plasma Rein was decrease in AC-1, AC-2 groups than control group. Conclusions : These results suggest that acupuncture at SP3 HT7 and SP3 HT7 LR1 KI1 can be used as a therapy for controlling renal hypertension induced by 2K1C in the rats.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.415-425
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• 1999

$[K^+]_o$ can be increased under a variety of conditions including subarachnoid hemorrhage. The increase of $[K^+]_o$ in the range of $5{\sim}15$ mM may affect tensions of blood vessels and cause relaxation of agonist-induced precontracted vascular smooth muscle $(K^+-induced$ relaxation). In this study, effect of the increase in extracellular $K^+$ concentration on the agonist-induced contractions of various arteries including resistant arteries of rabbit was examined, using home-made Mulvany-type myograph. Extracellular $K^+$ was increased in three different ways; from initial 1 to 3 mM, from initial 3 to 6 mM, or from initial 6 to 12 mM. In superior mesenteric arteries, the relaxation induced by extracellular $K^+$ elevation from initial 6 to 12 mM was the most prominent among the relaxations induced by the elevations in three different ways. In cerebral arteries, the most prominent relaxation was produced by the elevation of extracellular $K^+$ from initial 1 to 3 mM and a slight relaxation was provoked by the elevation from initial 6 to 12 mM. In superior mesenteric arteries, $K^+-induced$ relaxation by the elevation from initial 6 to 12 mM was blocked by $Ba^{2+}\;(30\;{\mu}M)$ and the relaxation by the elevation from 1 to 3 mM or from 3 to 6 mM was not blocked by $Ba^{2+}.$ In cerebral arteries, however, $K^+-induced$ relaxation by the elevation from initial 3 to 6 mM was blocked by $Ba^{2+},$ whereas the relaxation by the elevation from 1 to 3 mM was not blocked by $Ba^{2+}.$ Ouabain inhibited all of the relaxations induced by the extracellular $K^+$ elevations in three different ways. In cerebral arteries, when extracellular $K^+$ was increased to 14 mM with 2 or 3 mM increments, almost complete relaxation was induced at 1 or 3 mM of initial $K^+$ concentration and slight relaxation occurred at 6 mM. TEA did not inhibit $Ba^{2+}-sensitive$ relaxation at all and NMMA or endothelial removal did not inhibit $K^+-induced$ relaxation. Most conduit arteries such as aorta, carotid artery, and renal artery were not relaxed by the elevation of extracellular $K^+.$ Among conduit arteries, trunk of superior mesenteric artery and basilar artery were relaxed by the elevations of $[K^+]_o.$ These data suggest that $K^+-induced$ relaxation has two independent components, $Ba^{2+}-sensitive$ and $Ba^{2+}-insensitive$ one and there are different mechanisms for $K^+-induced$ relaxation in various arteries.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.350-357
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• 2014

Background: Conservation of blood during cardiac surgery is important because of the shortage of donor blood, risks associated with transfusion, and the costs of allogeneic blood products. This retrospective study explored the feasibility of off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) without transfusion. Methods: One hundred and two consecutive patients underwent OPCAB from January 2007 to June 2012 at Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital. Excluding 10 chronic renal failures patients, 102 patients were enrolled. Their characteristics, clinical data, and laboratory data were analyzed. We investigated the success rate of OPCAB without transfusion according to preoperative hemoglobin (Hb), and the cutoff point of the Hb level and the risk factors for transfusion. We implemented multidisciplinary blood-saving protocols. Results: The overall operative mortality and the success rate of OPCAB without transfusion were 2.9% (3/102) and 73.5% (75/102). The success rates in patients with Hb<11, 11 70 years, diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction, preoperative Hb and creatinine levels, and operation time. The events precipitating the need for transfusion were low Hb level in 9 patients and hypotension or excessive bleeding in 18 patients. Conclusion: The preoperative Hb level of >11 facilitates OPCAB without transfusion. These results suggest that transfusion-free OPCAB can be performed by modifying the risk factors and correctable causes of transfusion and improving various blood salvage methods.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.171-176
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• 2016

Background: A previous percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) may affect the outcomes of patients who undergo coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The objective of this study was to compare the early in-hospital postoperative outcomes between patients who underwent CABG with or without previous PCI. Methods: The present study included 160 patients who underwent isolated elective on-pump CABG at the department of cardiothoracic surgery, Minia University Hospital from January 2010 to December 2014. Patients who previously underwent PCI (n=38) were compared to patients who did not (n=122). Preoperative, operative, and early in-hospital postoperative data were analyzed. The end points of the study were in-hospital mortality and postoperative major adverse events. Results: Non-significant differences were found between the study groups regarding preoperative demographic data, risk factors, left ventricular ejection fraction, New York Heart Association class, EuroSCORE, the presence of left main disease, reoperation for bleeding, postoperative acute myocardial infarction, a neurological deficit, need for renal dialysis, hospital stay, and in-hospital mortality. The average time from PCI to CABG was $13.9{\pm}5.4$ years. The previous PCI group exhibited a significantly larger proportion of patients who experienced in-hospital major adverse events (15.8% vs. 2.5%, p=0.002). On multivariate analysis, only previous PCI was found to be a significant predictor of major adverse events (odds ratio, 0.16; 95% confidence interval, 0.03 to 0.71; p=0.01). Conclusion: Previous PCI was found to have a significant effect on the incidence of early major adverse events after CABG. Further large-scale and long-term studies are recommended.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.816-822
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• 1989

Aneurysms of the descending thoracic aorta can be caused by various etiologies. So, its abrupt rupture leads life-threatening state, it must be operated as soon as possible. Surgical treatment of the descending thoracic aortic aneurysm requires temporary cross-clamping of major artery. The obligatory occlusion of the descending thoracic aorta during management causes proximal arterial hypertension and distal arterial hypotension. The former may leads to left ventricular failure, or cerebrovascular accident, whereas the latter may leads to spinal cord ischemia or renal injury. Some have recommended insertion of temporary shunt around the occluded descending aorta to prevent above problems. Still others would favor expeditious operation employing simple aortic occlusion during the repair of the descending aorta. Recently we had experienced two cases of dissecting aneurysms of descending thoracic aorta which performed aortoplasty with Gore-Tex conduit under simple aortic occlusion. The one was 34-year-old female patient with traumatic dissecting aortic aneurysm [5 em X 5 cm] on the descending thoracic aorta distal to the origin of the left subclavian artery and the other was 58-year-old female patient with atherosclerotic dissecting descending thoracic aortic aneurysm [6 cmX7 cm] and diffuse abdominal aortic aneurysms [3X5 cm]. Both patients performed standard left posterolateral thoracotomy. After the aneurysmal sac was mobilized, occluding vascular clamps were placed on the transverse aorta proximal to the origin of the left subclavian artery, and on the distal descending aorta without adjuvant bypass procedures for 31 and 32 minutes, respectively, and the aneurysmal sac was repaired with 18 mm ringed Gore-Tex conduit graft. Both patients postoperative courses were uneventful.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.625-630
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• 1997

A 56 years old male patient adklitted to our neurology department because of repeated tingling sensation in right 3, 4, 5th. (infers and weakness on grasping, which were progressively developed re ently. At this time, he had also suffered from claudication in both lower extremities. Carotid angiogram showed that right internal carotid artery was obstructed completely, and both common, both external and left internal carotid arteries had significant stenosis, Concommitantly, aortogram suggested complete obstruction just below the renal arteries. We plamled staged operation for two separated arterial lesions. Both carotid endarterectomy was performed. and we used carotid shunt for left side during operation. Abdominal aortic lesion was operated 2 weeks later We obligately clamped aorta just below the celiac artery and infuse4 kidney perservation solution to pertect kidney during ischemia. Reversed Y bypass graft and kidney perservation was successful despite of 40 minute ischemia. Postoperative courts was uneventful and patient was discharged without any specific problem.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.142-146
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• 2021

Alagille syndrome (AGS) is a rare autosomal dominant inherited disorder, with major clinical manifestations of bile duct paucity, cholestasis, cardiovascular anomaly, ophthalmic abnormalities, butterfly vertebrae, and dysmorphic facial appearance. It is caused by heterozygous mutations in JAG1 or NOTCH of the Notch signaling pathway presenting with variable phenotypic penetrance and involving multiple organ systems. The following case report describes a unique case of a 16-year-old female with AGS who presented with the primary complaint of renovascular hypertension. She had a medical history of ventricular septal defect and polycystic ovary syndrome. The patient had a dysmorphic facial appearance including frontal bossing, bulbous tip of the nose, a pointed chin with prognathism, and deeply set eyes with mild hypertelorism. Stenoocclusive changes of both renal arteries, celiac artery, lower part of the abdominal aorta, and left intracranial artery, along with absence of the left internal carotid artery were found on examination. Whole exome sequencing was performed and revealed a pathologic mutation of JAG1, leading to the diagnosis of AGS. Reverse phenotyping detected butterfly vertebrae and normal structure and function of the liver and gallbladder. While the representative symptom of AGS in most scenarios is a hepatic problem, in this case, the presenting clinical features were the vascular anomalies. Clinical manifestations of AGS are diverse, and this case demonstrates that renovascular hypertension might be in some cases a presenting symptom of AGS.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.84 no.5
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• pp.1185-1190
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• 2023

Pseudoaneurysms are among the most serious complications of percutaneous balloon angioplasty. Although pseudoaneurysm rupture rarely happens, when it does, the result can be fatal; thus, early detection and management are crucial. In this report, we disclose the case of a 34-year-old male with end-stage renal disease who presented with a huge symptomatic pseudoaneurysm of the left popliteal artery, following percutaneous balloon angioplasty three months prior. The pseudoaneurysm was successfully excluded using interventional treatment. The patient recovered well, and the follow-up was uneventful, with excellent patency of the covered stent.