• Journal of the Korean Physical Society
• /
• v.73 no.12
• /
• pp.1873-1878
• /
• 2018

We have investigated the ionic conductivity and dielectric relaxation in $Li_2B_4O_7$ (LBO) and $Li_2O-B_2O_3-Ta_2O_5$ (LBTO) glasses. The sample was synthesized by using the melt quenching method. The frequency dependence of the electrical data from the LBO and LBTO glasses has been analyzed in the frameworks of the impedance Cole-Cole formalism and the universal power-law representation driven by the modified fractional Rayleigh equation. The potential barriers in the LBO and the LBTO glasses turn out to be the same. Comparing with the dc and ac activation energies of the LBO glass, these energies of the LBTO glass decrease due to the increasing Coulomb interaction of inter-cationic interaction.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.13-23
• /
• 2024

Music brings pleasure and relaxation to people. Therefore, it is necessary to classify musical genres based on scenes. Identifying favorite musical genres from massive music data is a time-consuming and laborious task. Recent studies have suggested that machine learning algorithms are effective in distinguishing between various musical genres. However, meeting the actual requirements in terms of accuracy or timeliness is challenging. In this study, a hybrid machine learning model that combines a deep residual auto-encoder (DRAE) and support vector machine (SVM) for musical genre recognition was proposed. Eight manually extracted features from the Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) were employed in the preprocessing stage as the hybrid music data source. During the training stage, DRAE was employed to extract feature maps, which were then used as input for the SVM classifier. The experimental results indicated that this method achieved a 91.54% F1-score and 91.58% top-1 accuracy, outperforming existing approaches. This novel approach leverages deep architecture and conventional machine learning algorithms and provides a new horizon for musical genre classification tasks.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.103 no.4
• /
• pp.664-669
• /
• 2014

This research was conducted to investigate the impact of viewing scenery and walking in the urban forest on physiological relaxation of humans. The experiment was conducted in Hanbat Arboretum located in Daejeon, and the control experiment was conducted in front of Daejeon City Hall. The subjects that participated in the experiment comprised 24 Korean male university students in their 20s (average age, $21.1{\pm}2.5years$), participated in the experiment as the subject, and these subjects were classified into three groups divided into three locations such as the pine forest in Arboretum, the pond in Arboretum, and the city. The subjects sat down and viewed scenery for 10 min, and they then walked for 15 min. Further, physiological changes were measured using indicators such as heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure, and pulse rate. As a result, when subjects viewed scenery and walked in the urban forest, a statistically significant increase in the high frequency (HF) power of HRV and decrease in systolic pressure was observed compared with when subjects viewed scenery and walked in the city. Through this research, it was found that activities like viewing scenery or walking in Arboretum of the city are effective in increasing the physiological relaxation of the city residents.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.29-36
• /
• 2004

Objectives: Sound and light (SL) stimulation has been used as a method to induce some useful mental states in the fields of psychology and psychiatry. It is believed that sound and light entrainment device (SLED) has some specific effects through synchronization of EEG in patients who use it. Theta frequency is believed to stimulate deep relaxation and short term memory processing. This study was conducted to evaluate if 4-10 Hz SL stimulation can induce relaxation and improve short term memory function. Methods: Ten medical students with no medical or psychiatric problems participated in this study. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups. One group was applied with real SLED was applied to one group (R group) and pseudo SLED to the other group (P group). The two groups were exposed to SL stimulation with SLED 15 minutes a day for 5 days, and after two days rest the two groups were switched over. The Korean Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (K-WAIS), Academic Motivation Tests (AMT), Test Anxiety Scale (TAS), Korean Auditory Verbal Learning Test (K-AVLT), and digit span were used to evaluate short term memory. Spielberger's State-Trait anxiety inventory and heart rate variability (HRV) test were used to evaluate degree of relaxation. Results: Compared with S group, R group showed a significant improvement in K-AVLT and digit span after a single application of SL stimulation. But 5-day long application did not reveal any differences between the two groups. A significant change in HRV was observed in 5-day long application of SL stimulation after being switched over to other SLED. Conclusion: This pilot study suggests that 4-10 Hz SL stimulation has some positive influences on short term memory and relaxation.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.178-196
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this study is to identify the kind, the frequency, and the type of Stress Management Program(SMPs) throughout life-span used foreign, recent research. The period of this study was from July 1 to Dec. 10, 1997. The data were collected through Medline using two concepts: stress management programs and life-span. The number of these research were 106 and thirty-one experimental researches that were tested the effectiveness of SMPs throughout life span were selected. The data were analysed by the kind, frequency, and life-span. The results were as follows: 1. The kind and frequency of SMP : The total number of the kind of SMP were twenty-two. The most used SMP was relaxation therapy, 22 out of 31. The second biofeedback was 10, the third, cognitive behavior program was 9, the fourth, nutrition and diet, and education were 7. The others were coping skill(4), cognitive therapy(4), breathing(4), imagery(3), autogenic training(3), sleep and rest(2), meditation(2), information(2), desensitization(2), hypnosis(2), behavior therapy(1), time management (1), visualization(I), yoga(I), diversion(1), and problem solving skill. 2. Throughout life-span: Most SMPs were applied to adolescents, young adults, and middle-adults. Other subjects could not be found under the schooler. 3. The type of SMPs : 28(90.3%) out of 31 research used combined-SMP : two-combined SMP, 5: three-combined SMP, twelve: four-combined SMP, seven: five-combined SMP. 4. Afterward, further study such as meta-analysis are needed in order to identify effective ness of the SMPs.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.93-101
• /
• 2020

Purpose : Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJD) is often accompanied by pain and limited range of motion of the jaw joint, which affect patients' quality of life and result in hypertrophy or hyperactivity of the muscles around the jaw joint. In this study, we compared the muscle thickness and tone of the masseter and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles and the jaw range of motion in individuals with and without TMJD. Correlation comparison was performed on the results of the TMJD group. Methods : This study included 40 patients; 20 patients were assigned to an experimental group (TMJD group) and 20 to a control group (non-TMJD group). Ultrasonography, myotonometry, and measurements performed with digital Vernier calipers were used to determine the changes in muscle thickness, muscle tone, and maximum jaw opening, respectively. The independent t-test was used for intergroup comparison of data, and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to compare correlations in the TMJD group results. Results : We observed a significant intergroup difference in the masseter and SCM thickness during the relaxed and clenched phases (p<.05). A significant intergroup difference was also observed in maximum jaw opening (p<.05). With regard to muscle tone, we observed a significant intergroup difference in frequency (p=.011) and stiffness (p=.011) of the masseter, as well as in the frequency (p=.009) and stiffness (p=.026) of the SCM. We observed a moderate negative correlation (r=-.524) between maximum jaw opening and the frequency of the masseter. Additionally, we observed a moderately negative correlation between jaw opening and muscle stiffness (r=-.321). Conclusion : Planning exercise programs to treat patients with TMJD who present with pain should focus on efforts to reduce muscle thickness and achieve muscle relaxation (to reduce muscle tension) for improved jaw range of motion.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.210-215
• /
• 2012

The absorption performance of a metal-backed single layered electromagnetic wave absorber is optimized at matching conditions of thickness and frequency indicating the maximum returns loss of incidence electromagnetic wave in the contour map. These matching conditions are obtained by applying the electromagnetic impedance to the transmission line theory, which depend on the complex permeability and complex permittivity of absorber material. The magnetic materials with high permeability can enhance the matching thickness condition to the wide frequency range based on the decrease of permeability with frequency and it can be used as a wideband electromagnetic wave absorber material. Therefore, the magnetic materials with higher saturation magnetization and lower permittivity than NiZn ferrite can be applied to the wideband electromagnetic wave absorber in order to satisfy the newly enforcing the electromagnetic compatibility regulation in the future.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.43-52
• /
• 1986

The influences of extracellular $Ca^{2+}\;and\;K^+$ upon the spike action potentials were studied in isolated uterine strips of rat. Regular, rhythmic uterine contractions were induced by the administration of oxytocin$(0.2{\sim}0.5\;I.U.)$, and recorded with force transducer. Spike action potentials were extracellularly measured by use of suction electrode, and compared with those recorded intracellularly by glass microelectrode. The results obtained were as follows : 1) The frequency and duration of spike bursts, and the number of spikes in a burst could be analyzed by use of both methods. But the absolute values of membrane potential were not measurable with the suction electrode. 2) The duration of contraction$(CD_{90};\;the\;duration\;of\;90%\;relaxation)$ was lengthened from the control 17.0 sec to 20.6 sec, in parallel with the increase of spike number from the control 21 to 26, as the increase in $Ca^{2+}$ concentration from 2 to 4 mM. 3) The amplitude and frequency of contractions were gradually decreased, simultaneously with the decrease in the number of spikes in a burst, when the $Ca^{2+}-antagonist$, verapamil was administered cumulatively. 4) The number of spikes was changed from the control 15 to 7, in cabs of the administration of ver)'low dose of verapamil$(10^{-6}\;g/l)$. 5) Increase in the numbers of spike bursts was well matched to the increase in frequency of contractions when extracellular $K^+$ was increased.

• Proceedings of the International Microelectronics And Packaging Society Conference
• /
• 2005.09a
• /
• pp.201-212
• /
• 2005

[ $Epoxy/BaTiO_3$ ] composite embedded capacitor films (ECFs) were newly designed fur high dielectric constant and low tolerance (less than ${\pm}15\%$) embedded capacitor fabrication for organic substrates. In terms of material formulation, ECFs are composed of specially formulated epoxy resin and latent curing agent, and in terms of coating process, a comma roll coating method is used for uniform film thickness in large area. Dielectric constant of $BaTiO_3\;&\;SrTiO_3$ composite ECF is measured with MIM capacitor at 100 kHz using LCR meter. Dielectric constant of $BaTiO_3$ ECF is bigger than that of $SrTiO_3$ ECF, and it is due to difference of permittivity of $BaTiO_3\;and\;SrTiO_3$ particles. Dielectric constant of $BaTiO_3\;&\;SrTiO_3$ ECF in high frequency range $(0.5\~10GHz)$ is measured using cavity resonance method. In order to estimate dielectric constant, the reflection coefficient is measured with a network analyzer. Dielectric constant is calculated by observing the frequencies of the resonant cavity modes. About both powders, calculated dielectric constants in this frequency range are about 3/4 of the dielectric constants at 1 MHz. This difference is due to the decrease of the dielectric constant of epoxy matrix. For $BaTiO_3$ ECF, there is the dielectric relaxation at $5\~9GHz$. It is due to changing of polarization mode of $BaTiO_3$ powder. In the case of $SrTiO_3$ ECF, there is no relaxation up to 10GHz. Alternative material for embedded capacitor fabrication is $epoxy/BaTiO_3$ composite embedded capacitor paste (ECP). It uses similar materials formulation like ECF and a screen printing method for film coating. The screen printing method has the advantage of forming capacitor partially in desired part. But the screen printing makes surface irregularity during mask peel-off, Surface flatness is significantly improved by adding some additives and by applying pressure during curing. As a result, dielectric layer with improved thickness uniformity is successfully demonstrated. Using $epoxy/BaTiO_3$ composite ECP, dielectric constant of 63 and specific capacitance of 5.1nF/cm2 were achieved.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.415-421
• /
• 2003

It is now generally accepted that acupuncture is effective in diarrhea caused by bacterial infection. However, its effect on the intestinal smooth muscle dysfunction is not clear. Therefore, we investigated the effect of acupuncture therapy at Jiao-chao (GV-1) on the intestinal muscle dysfunction in weaning piglets orally infected by Escherichia coli. The animals are divided into four groups; 1) E. coli + no-treatment, 2) E. coli + antibiotic, 3) E. coli + acupuncture, 4) normal group. In the three E. coli infected groups, low frequency electrical field stimulation (EFS, 1 Hz) provoked triphasic responses composed of initial relaxation followed by on-contraction and off-contraction. While in the normal group, EFS (1Hz) induced biphasic responses composed of relaxation during the stimulation and off-contraction. At the high frequency (16Hz) EFS, both on-contraction and off-contraction of the E. coli + antibiotic, E. coli + acupuncture and the normal group were larger than those of the E. coli + no-treatment group. In the non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) condition, only biphasic responses occurred to EFS in all experimental groups and the off-contraction of E. coli + antibiotic, E. coli + acupuncture and the normal group were larger than those of the E. coli + no-treatment group. The response to carbachol of those three groups was also significantly greater than that of the E. coli + no-treatment group. These results suggest that acupuncture is as effective as antibiotic in the dysfunction of colonic circular muscle caused by E. coli infection. The maintenance of contractile neuromuscular transmission seems to be involved in the mechanism of the acupuncture effects on diarrhea.