• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.73-85
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• 2015

This study investigated the extent and magnitude of the woodland edge effects on users' thermal environments according to distance from woodland border. A series of experiments to measure air temperature, relative humidity, wind velocity, MRT and UTCI were conducted over six days between July 31 and August 5, 2015, which corresponded with extremely hot weather, at the south-facing edge of Hadongsongrim(pure Pinus densiflora stands, tree age: $100{\pm}33yr$, tree height: $12.8{\pm}2.7m$, canopy closure: 75%, N $35^{\circ}03^{\prime}34.7^{{\prime}{\prime}}$, E $127^{\circ}44^{\prime}43.3^{{\prime}{\prime}}$, elevation 7~10m) and east-facing edge of Hamyangsangrim (Quercus serrata-Carpinus tschonoskii community, tree age: 102~125yr/58~123yr, tree height: tree layer $18.6{\pm}2.3m/subtree$ layer $5.9{\pm}3.2m/shrub$ layer $0.5{\pm}0.5m$, herbaceous layer coverage ratio 60%, canopy closure: 96%, N $35^{\circ}31^{\prime}28.1^{{\prime}{\prime}}$, E $127^{\circ}43^{\prime}09.8^{{\prime}{\prime}}$, elevation 170~180m) in rural villages of Hadong and Hamyang, Korea. The minus result value of depth means woodland's outside. The depth of edge influence(DEI) on the maximum air temperature, minimum relative humidity and wind speed at maximum air temperature time during the daytime(10:00~17:00) were detected to be $12.7{\pm}4.9$, $15.8{\pm}9.8$ and $23.8{\pm}26.2m$, respectively, in the mature evergreen conifer woodland of Hadongsongrim. These were detected to be $3.7{\pm}2.2$, $4.9{\pm}4.4$ and $2.6{\pm}7.8m$, respectively, in the deciduous broadleaf woodland of Hamyansangrim. The DEI on the maximum 10 minutes average MRT, UTCI from the three-dimensional environment absorbed by the human-biometeorological reference person during the daytime(10:00~17:00) were detected to be $7.1{\pm}1.7$ and $4.3{\pm}4.6m$, respectively, in the relatively sparse woodland of Hadongsongrim. These were detected to be $5.8{\pm}4.9$ and $3.5{\pm}4.1m$, respectively, in the dense and closed woodland of Hadongsongrim. Edge effects on the thermal environments of air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, MRT and UTCI in the sparse woodland of Hadongsongrim were less pronounced than those recorded in densed and closed woodland of Hamyansangrim. The gradient variation was less steep for maximum 10 minutes average UTCI with at least $4.3{\pm}4.6m$(Hadongsongrim) and $3.5{\pm}4.1m$(Hamyansangrim) being required to stabilize the UTCI at mature woodlands. Therefore it is suggested that the woodlands buffer widths based on the UTCI values should be 3.5~7.6 m(Hamyansangrim) and 4.3~8.9(Hadongsongrim) m on each side of mature woodlands for users' thermal comfort environments. The woodland edge structure should be multi-layered canopies and closed edge for the buffer effect of woodland edge on woodland users' thermal comfort.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.61-71
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• 2015

Purpose : 3D Printers are used to create three-dimensional models based on blueprints. Based on this characteristic, it is feasible to develop a bolus that can minimize the air gap between skin and bolus in radiotherapy. This study aims to compare and analyze air gap and target dose at the branded 1 cm bolus with the developed customized bolus using 3D printers. Materials and Methods : RANDO phantom with a protruded tumor was used to procure images using CT simulator. CT DICOM file was transferred into the STL file, equivalent to 3D printers. Using this, customized bolus molding box (maintaining the 1 cm width) was created by processing 3D printers, and paraffin was melted to develop the customized bolus. The air gap of customized bolus and the branded 1 cm bolus was checked, and the differences in air gap was used to compare $D_{max}$, $D_{min}$, $D_{mean}$, $D_{95%}$ and $V_{95%}$ in treatment plan through Eclipse. Results : Customized bolus production period took about 3 days. The total volume of air gap was average $3.9cm^3$ at the customized bolus. And it was average $29.6cm^3$ at the branded 1 cm bolus. The customized bolus developed by the 3D printer was more useful in minimizing the air gap than the branded 1 cm bolus. In the 6 MV photon, at the customized bolus, $D_{max}$, $D_{min}$, $D_{mean}$, $D_{95%}$, $V_{95%}$ of GTV were 102.8%, 88.1%, 99.1%, 95.0%, 94.4% and the $D_{max}$, $D_{min}$, $D_{mean}$, $D_{95%}$, $V_{95%}$ of branded 1cm bolus were 101.4%, 92.0%, 98.2%, 95.2%, 95.7%, respectively. In the proton, at the customized bolus, $D_{max}$, $D_{min}$, $D_{mean}$, $D_{95%}$, $V_{95%}$ of GTV were 104.1%, 84.0%, 101.2%, 95.1%, 99.8% and the $D_{max}$, $D_{min}$, $D_{mean}$, $D_{95%}$, $V_{95%}$ of branded 1cm bolus were 104.8%, 87.9%, 101.5%, 94.9%, 99.9%, respectively. Thus, in treatment plan, there was no significant difference between the customized bolus and 1 cm bolus. However, the normal tissue nearby the GTV showed relatively lower radiation dose. Conclusion : The customized bolus developed by 3D printers was effective in minimizing the air gap, especially when it is used against the treatment area with irregular surface. However, the air gap between branded bolus and skin was not enough to cause a change in target dose. On the other hand, in the chest wall could confirm that dose decrease for small the air gap. Customized bolus production period took about 3 days and the development cost was quite expensive. Therefore, the commercialization of customized bolus developed by 3D printers requires low-cost 3D printer materials, adequate for the use of bolus.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.202-210
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• 1985

Requirements in weed control in a mulberry field are much similar to those in orchards, but also feature a longer period of weed control of various kinds of persistent weeds, i.e., spring, summer, and winter annuals as well as perennials. In addition the mulberry tree is relatively more sensitive to herbicide injury. Hence, very few herbicides have been used in mulberry field. The present study was conducted to evaluate the usefulness of oxyfluorfen in comparison with alachlor and simazine, which are registered for ordinary mulberry field in Korea, for weed control efficacy in the new, rapidly increasing practice of transparent polyethylene-film mulched and densely planted younger mulberry culture. Dominant spring weeds were Galium spp., Erigeron spp., Polygonum senticosum, and Chenopodium spp. in the non-mulched interbed area in contrast to the Digitaria spp. and Potulaca spp, under mulch. Dominant summer weeds were Digitaria spp., Portulaca spp., Erigeron spp., Artemisia spp. and Calystegia japonica in the non-mulched interbed area while weeds did not occur significantly during summer under mulch which were shaded by vigorously growing mulberry trees. The weeds occurred under mulch in spring reduced shoot growth of young mulberry tree resulting in the reduced yield of mulberry leaves for silkworms. The weeds occurred in the interbed area did not affect until May, but interfered later summer- and fall-growth of mulberry tree. Early single spring application of alachlor(EC), simazine(WP) or oxyfluorfen(EC) at a rate of 650 g, 750 g or 350 g ai per ha, respectively, controlled most annuals satisfactorily to fall in the mulched bed area. In the nonmulched interbed area, however, thrice does of alchlor or simazine was necessary for satisfactory control of spring weeds, followed by summer application of alachlor or simazine at twice dose level as tank mixture with paraquat at 490 g ai per ha for satisfactory control of summer to fall weeds. Single spring application of oxyfluorfen at a rate of 1400 g ai per ha was persistently effective to control satisfactorily even summer and fall weeds. However, heavy rainfall splashed soil borne oxyfluorfen to the lower branch leaves causing some leaf burns. Spring application of oxyfluorfen at a rate of 350 g ai per ha followed by summer application of oxyfluorfen and paraquat tank mixture (350 g ai + 490 g ai) was the best choice for the non-mulched interbed area weed control among the treatments.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.39-64
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• 1995

A faunistic and ecological study on the occurrence of freshwater cladocerans and copepods was accomplished from Chindo, South Korea. Collections were made from total 35 stations, comprising the various freshwater habitats like reservoirs, streams, swamps, bogs, ricefields, ditch, pond, and spring during the periods of July 23-25, and November 1-3 in 1994. Twenty seven cladoceran species of 17 genera of 6 families in 2 orders, and 28 copepod species of 21 genera of 6 families in 3 orders were collected during this research period, of which Daphnia obtusa Kurz and Elaphoidella bidens (Schmeil) are newly recorded from Korea. In reservoirs, Diaphanosoma sp. and Thermocyclops taihokuensis were dominant in July, and then succeeded by Bosmina longirostris and Cyclops vicinus vicinus in November. Thermocyclops crassus co-occurred with 7: taihokuensis at both seasons, was frequent in November after T. taihokuensis precipitately decreased. In other stagnant waters, 7: taihokuensis and Moina weismanni were dominant at ponds in July and in November, respectively. At ricefields in July Moina macrocopa and T. taihokuensis were dominant, but in November M. macrocopa and Paracyclops fimbriatus were. At streams, cladocerans were relatively rare, but became more rich in November. The representative cladoceran species were Bosmina longirostris as a plankton, and Chydorus sphaericus as a epibenthic species. Concerning copepods, nearly all the stations of streams except a few ones adjacent to seashore showed the similiar species constitutions, of which E. serrulatus and M, pehpeiensis were most frequent and abundant. At a mountain streamlet and a spring, the occurrence of Alona sp., Attheyella byblis Chang and Kim, 1992 and A. tetraspinosa Chang, 1993 is quite interesting and deserved much attention in the taxonomical point of view. Seventeen major cladocerans and copepods from lentic habitats and 13 major cladocerans and copepods from lotic habitatats were clustered using average taxonomic distance and UPGMA to infer the co-occurrence relations among species. As for lentic habitats, two large phena were appeared at first. The one phenon consisted of Diaphanosoma sp. and T taihokuensis, and showed its predominancy over the various habitats and its dominancy was rapidly decreased in November. The other phenon frequently occurred rather in November, and subdivided into three subgroups. On the other hand, as for lotic habitats, 13 species were also grouped into 2 large phena. The first one comprised 4 species, which were dominant and highly frequent at nearly all the lotic habitats, and subdivided into three subgroups according to their seasonal fluctuation types. The second one was also subdivided into three phena, the first of which comprised only one species, Microcyclops varicans, and occurred at most of the stations along stream with steadiness through the research period; the second phenon, Chydorus sphaericus, occurred much frequently in November; the last phenon included a few heterogenous subgroups.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 1999

Purpose : This is a retrospective study to evaluate the response rate, acute toxicity, and survival rate of a combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy in limited disease small cell lung cancer, Materials and Methods : Firty-six patients with limited disease small-cell lung cancer who underwent combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy between October 1994 and April 1998 were evaluated. Six cycles of chemotherapy were planned either using a VIP regimen etoposide, ifosfamide, and cis-platin) or a EP regimen (etoposide and cis-platin). Thoracic radiation therapy was planned to deli- ver 44 Gy using 1 OMV X-ray, starting concurrently with chemotherapy. Response was evaluated 4 weeks after the completion of the planned chemotherapy and radiation therapy, and the prophylaetic cranial irradiation was planned only for the patients with complete responses. Acute toxicity was evaluated using the SWOG toxicity criteria, and the overall survival and disease-free survival were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier Method. Results : The median follow-up period was 16 months (range:2 to 41 months). Complete response was achieved En 30 (65$\%$) patients, of which 22 patients received prophylactic cranial irradiations. Acute toxicities over grade III were granulocytopenia in 23 (50$\%$), anemia in 17 (37$\%$), thrombo- cytopenia in nine (20$\%$), alopecia in nine (20$\%$), nausea/vomiting in five (11$\%$), and peripheral neuropathy in one (2$\%$). Chemotherapy was delayed in one patient, and the chemotherapy doses were reduced in 58 (24$\%$) out of the total 246 cycles. No radiation esophagitis over grade 111 was observed, while interruption during radiation therapy for a mean of 8.3 days occurred in 21 patients. The local recurrences were observed in 8 patients and local progressions were in 6 patients, and the distant metastases in 17 patients. Among these, four patients had both the local relapse and the distant metastasis. Brain was the most common metastatic site (10 patients), followed by the liver as the next common site (4 patients). The overall and progression-free survival rates were 79$\%$ and 55$\%$ in 1 year, and 45'/) and 32% in 2 years, respectively, and the median survival was 23 months. Conclusion : Relatively satisfactory local control and suwival rates were achieved after the combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy with mild to moderate acute morbidities in limited disease small cell lung cancer.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.20-34
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• 2002

This study was conducted to examine the effects of an Aspergillus oryzae fermentation culture on the in vitro digestibilities of dry matter, crude fiber, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), crude protein, and pH in in vitro experiment of diets for dairy cows. A fungal species, Aspergillus oryzae was supplied by Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea (KCTC 1229). The experimental diets were commercial compound feed (concentrate) and total mixed ration (TMR) for lactating cows, of which chemical analyses were determined at Research and Development Institute, Woosung Feed Co., Ltd., while the digestibilities were done at the laboratory of Chungnam National University. Aspergillus oryzae culture products were added to compound feed and TMR at the rate of 0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0% respectively. The experimental diet with the rumen fluid sampled from Holstein fresian milking cows were used and digested for 24 hrs, 48hrs and 72hrs in the shaking incubator. The residues of the digesta were digested for 48hrs in the incubator in which put 30ml of 0.1N HCl with 0.2% pepsin at $39^{\circ}C$. The final precipitates were dried for 48hrs in the drier at $60^{\circ}C$. These experimental procedures were triplicated to determine the in vitro digestibility of dry matter, crude fiber, ADF, NDF, crude protein and pH. Compared to control diet, not added Aspergillus oryzae, the DM digestibility of fungal diets were improved 2.1%(63.1%), 9.7%(68.5%) and 9.0%(68.0%) for 24 hour fermentation in compound feed while 4.8%(60.0%), 6.4%(61.1%) and 2.9%(58.8%) in TMR. On the contrary, for 48 hour and 72 hour digestibilities, the effects of Aspergillus oryzae culture on the digestibility of dry matter were relatively lowered compared to 24 hour digestibility. Referring to the digestibility of dietary fiber, Aspergillus oryzae was believed to significantly improve digestibilities of crude fiber, ADF and NDF. Those were increased up to 13.3%(53.3%) for 24 hour fermentation, while 2.4%(54.6%) for 3.0% added for 72 hour fermentation in compound feed. However, there were no significant differences among the treatments for the inclusion rate of Aspergillus oryzae, even though the more inclusion rate, the better digestibility. The protein digestibilities were significantly improved from 0.4%(79.7%) to 9.4%(71.8%) by adding Aspergillus oryzae into compound feed. However, there were no significant differences between the two experimental diets, 2.0% and 3.0% Aspergillus oryzae included diets. In case of TMR, the protein digestibilities were significantly improved from 4.0%(70.4%) to 6.3%(65.1%) by adding Aspergillus oryzae. However, there were no significant differences between the two experimental diets, 2.0% and 3.0% Aspergillus oryzae included diets. In this study, there were no significant differences among the treatments in pH. On the contrary, there were slightly decrease in pH by adding Aspergillus oryzae into experimental diets but not significant. Summarizing the results of this examination, Aspergillus oryzae fermentation culture is believed to improve the digestibilities of dry matter, fiber and crude protein in cattle diets. However, more detailed research for the mechanism of the fungal culture is required to improve ruminal environment.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.221-241
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• 2018

Deep learning is getting attention recently. The deep learning technique which had been applied in competitions of the International Conference on Image Recognition Technology(ILSVR) and AlphaGo is Convolution Neural Network(CNN). CNN is characterized in that the input image is divided into small sections to recognize the partial features and combine them to recognize as a whole. Deep learning technologies are expected to bring a lot of changes in our lives, but until now, its applications have been limited to image recognition and natural language processing. The use of deep learning techniques for business problems is still an early research stage. If their performance is proved, they can be applied to traditional business problems such as future marketing response prediction, fraud transaction detection, bankruptcy prediction, and so on. So, it is a very meaningful experiment to diagnose the possibility of solving business problems using deep learning technologies based on the case of online shopping companies which have big data, are relatively easy to identify customer behavior and has high utilization values. Especially, in online shopping companies, the competition environment is rapidly changing and becoming more intense. Therefore, analysis of customer behavior for maximizing profit is becoming more and more important for online shopping companies. In this study, we propose 'CNN model of Heterogeneous Information Integration' using CNN as a way to improve the predictive power of customer behavior in online shopping enterprises. In order to propose a model that optimizes the performance, which is a model that learns from the convolution neural network of the multi-layer perceptron structure by combining structured and unstructured information, this model uses 'heterogeneous information integration', 'unstructured information vector conversion', 'multi-layer perceptron design', and evaluate the performance of each architecture, and confirm the proposed model based on the results. In addition, the target variables for predicting customer behavior are defined as six binary classification problems: re-purchaser, churn, frequent shopper, frequent refund shopper, high amount shopper, high discount shopper. In order to verify the usefulness of the proposed model, we conducted experiments using actual data of domestic specific online shopping company. This experiment uses actual transactions, customers, and VOC data of specific online shopping company in Korea. Data extraction criteria are defined for 47,947 customers who registered at least one VOC in January 2011 (1 month). The customer profiles of these customers, as well as a total of 19 months of trading data from September 2010 to March 2012, and VOCs posted for a month are used. The experiment of this study is divided into two stages. In the first step, we evaluate three architectures that affect the performance of the proposed model and select optimal parameters. We evaluate the performance with the proposed model. Experimental results show that the proposed model, which combines both structured and unstructured information, is superior compared to NBC(Naïve Bayes classification), SVM(Support vector machine), and ANN(Artificial neural network). Therefore, it is significant that the use of unstructured information contributes to predict customer behavior, and that CNN can be applied to solve business problems as well as image recognition and natural language processing problems. It can be confirmed through experiments that CNN is more effective in understanding and interpreting the meaning of context in text VOC data. And it is significant that the empirical research based on the actual data of the e-commerce company can extract very meaningful information from the VOC data written in the text format directly by the customer in the prediction of the customer behavior. Finally, through various experiments, it is possible to say that the proposed model provides useful information for the future research related to the parameter selection and its performance.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.125-148
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• 2018

Recently, as the demand for big data analysis increases, cases of analyzing unstructured data and using the results are also increasing. Among the various types of unstructured data, text is used as a means of communicating information in almost all fields. In addition, many analysts are interested in the amount of data is very large and relatively easy to collect compared to other unstructured and structured data. Among the various text analysis applications, document classification which classifies documents into predetermined categories, topic modeling which extracts major topics from a large number of documents, sentimental analysis or opinion mining that identifies emotions or opinions contained in texts, and Text Summarization which summarize the main contents from one document or several documents have been actively studied. Especially, the text summarization technique is actively applied in the business through the news summary service, the privacy policy summary service, ect. In addition, much research has been done in academia in accordance with the extraction approach which provides the main elements of the document selectively and the abstraction approach which extracts the elements of the document and composes new sentences by combining them. However, the technique of evaluating the quality of automatically summarized documents has not made much progress compared to the technique of automatic text summarization. Most of existing studies dealing with the quality evaluation of summarization were carried out manual summarization of document, using them as reference documents, and measuring the similarity between the automatic summary and reference document. Specifically, automatic summarization is performed through various techniques from full text, and comparison with reference document, which is an ideal summary document, is performed for measuring the quality of automatic summarization. Reference documents are provided in two major ways, the most common way is manual summarization, in which a person creates an ideal summary by hand. Since this method requires human intervention in the process of preparing the summary, it takes a lot of time and cost to write the summary, and there is a limitation that the evaluation result may be different depending on the subject of the summarizer. Therefore, in order to overcome these limitations, attempts have been made to measure the quality of summary documents without human intervention. On the other hand, as a representative attempt to overcome these limitations, a method has been recently devised to reduce the size of the full text and to measure the similarity of the reduced full text and the automatic summary. In this method, the more frequent term in the full text appears in the summary, the better the quality of the summary. However, since summarization essentially means minimizing a lot of content while minimizing content omissions, it is unreasonable to say that a "good summary" based on only frequency always means a "good summary" in its essential meaning. In order to overcome the limitations of this previous study of summarization evaluation, this study proposes an automatic quality evaluation for text summarization method based on the essential meaning of summarization. Specifically, the concept of succinctness is defined as an element indicating how few duplicated contents among the sentences of the summary, and completeness is defined as an element that indicating how few of the contents are not included in the summary. In this paper, we propose a method for automatic quality evaluation of text summarization based on the concepts of succinctness and completeness. In order to evaluate the practical applicability of the proposed methodology, 29,671 sentences were extracted from TripAdvisor 's hotel reviews, summarized the reviews by each hotel and presented the results of the experiments conducted on evaluation of the quality of summaries in accordance to the proposed methodology. It also provides a way to integrate the completeness and succinctness in the trade-off relationship into the F-Score, and propose a method to perform the optimal summarization by changing the threshold of the sentence similarity.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.13-33
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• 1999

The aim of this study was to investigate fatigue scores, physical complaints, farmer's syndrome and to find out its risk factors among farmers. The questionnaire survey was conducted to 177 vinyl house workers and 213 farmers who lived in Chongyang gun of Chungnam province from February 24 to March 15, 1998. The obtained main results were followings; 1. The fatigue scores were not significantly different between vinyl house workers and farmers. The fatigue scores were higher in female group, lower education group, shorter sleep hours group(under 8 hours), nonsmoker, nondrinker group than otherwise groups. There was not statistically significant difference between the mean fatigue scores and age, eating habit and body mass index. Duration of farming years in vinyl house and farming area and number of farming workers in farmers family showed a slight relationship with the fatigue score. 2. Health scores were not different between vinyl house workers and farmers. The health states was poorer in female group, lower education group, shorter sleep hours group(under 8 hours), nonsmoker group, and nondrinker group than otherwise groups by health scores. Health scores were not related with age, eating habit and body mass index. 3. The proportion of farmer's syndrome was 49.1% in vinyl house workers and 52.1% in farmers. That was higher in female than in male and the higher proportion was found in the lower education group of vinyl house workers and farmers. The proportion of farmer's syndrome was higher in the group of smoker, alcohol drinkers and over or under weight in vinyl house workers, but did not differ in those of farmers. 4. By multiple logistic regression, sex and sleep hours were risk factors affecting to farmer's syndrome. Odds ration for female group was 2.53 (reference group was male) and that for over 8 sleep hours group was 0.74 (reference group was under 8 sleep hours group). 5. The chief complaints by CMI were "I am difficult to work due to aching the back and the limbs", "I feel prickle pain in the limbs", "I sometimes have a twinge in the limbs", "I am not quite well as having a pain in the limbs", "I feel weaker grasping power than before" in both of vinyl house workers and farmers. Vinyl house workers more frequently pointed out skin darkening, skin disease and hemorrhoids than farmers. 6. According to correspondence analysis, skin disease of vinyl house workers was related to vinyl house farmers and digestive and general symptom was associated with male and endocrinological and muscular symptom was associated with female in vinyl house workers. And it revealed that farmer's syndrome was highly related with female and farmers relatively. By the above results, the fatigue scores, perceive health and farmer's syndrome did not much differ in two groups, but aged female farmers should be considered as female farmers represented higher fatigue score, farmers syndrome and poorer perceive health than male farmers in addition to farmer's syndrome was increased with ageing process. Also feeble but distinguished symptoms which might be due to working environment were observed especially in vinyl house workers and that should be considered and investigated continuously.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.57-74
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• 1970

These experiments were conducted to investigate the :actors influencing the systemic action of Dimethoate (O,O-dimethyl-S-(N-methylcarhamoylmethyl) photphorodithioate) to rice seeds and the phytotoxic effects on the seed germination. Dimethoate $(Roxion^{(R)})$ $40\%$ emulsion was used. The varieties tested were Jinheung. Nongkwang,Suwon #82, Norm #6, Paltal, Shirogane, Suseong, Pungkwang, Shin #2, Fujisaka #5, Kwanok, and Jaekeun. The permeated Dimethoate was extracted from the treated seeds by chloroform and quantities were determined by Spectrophotometer. The phytotoxicity was evaluated from the effects on the germination of the treated seeds which were kept in an incubator. The oxygen consumption was measured by Warburg Manometer at $30^{\circ}C$ for 60 minutes. Indices of KOH disintegration of seeds and chemical composition of the seeds were also determined. The results obtained were as followings; 1) The amount of permeated Dimethoate in the seeds showed remarkable differences with varieties. The amount of Dimethoate per 100 grains was greater as in the ascending order of Suseong, Kwanok, Nongkwang, Jinheung, Paltal, Fujisaka #5, Suwon #82, Norm #6, Shirogane, Shin #2, Pungkwang and Jaekeun. 2) It was observed that the total amount of Dimethoate in the seeds(mg./100 grains) were greater among the varieties with large grain than those with small grains, while reverse cases were true in the amount of Dimethoate in a gramme of seeds, probably because of the greater surface areas In a small grains for a gramme weight. 3) There was no significant correlation between the permeated amount of Dimethoate and amount of absorbed water by the seeds when the seeds were treated with $0.1\%$ Dimethoate for 24 and 48 hours. 4) The permeability of Dimethoate to seeds significantly increased in the prolonged soaking periods, higher concentration, and higher temperature. 5) When the seeds were treated with $0.1\%$ Dimethoate for 24 and 48 hours at $15^{\circ},\;20^{\circ},\; 20^{\circ},\; and \;30^{\circ}C$, the permeated amount of Dimethoate were increased at higher temperature. It seems to be that the more active penetration of Dimethoate was involved at the higher temperature. 6) The phytotoxic effects of Dinethoate on the seed germination varied with the varieties. An descending order of varietal tolerance of seeds was as followings: Jinheung, Fujisaka #5, Suwon #82, Paltal, Nongkwang, Jaekeun, Shin #2, Kwanok, Shirogane, Pungkwang, Suseong, and Norm #6. 7) There was a positive correlation between the amount of Dimethoate permeated into the seeds (mg./gram. of seeds) and phytotoxicity of seeds. 8) The Phytotoxic effects of Dimethoate showed close correlation with the degree of KOH disintegration of seeds, average germination periods, and oxygen respiration of seeds. 9) It was observed that higher protein contents of the seeds decreased the phytotoxic effects of Dimethoate. 10) Relatively high negative correlation between the degree of KOH disintegration of seeds and crude protein content of the seeds was observed. 11) The average germination period was delayed for about 2 days when the seeds were treated with $0.2\%$ Dimethoate for 24 hours at $30^{\circ}C$. 12) The oxygen consumption of the seeds treated with $0.2\%$ Dimethoate for 24 hours at $30^{\circ}C$ was greatly decreased when compared with that of the normal seeds. 13) The amount of oxygen consumption of the seeds (in 24 hours after 24 hours water soaking) was negatively correlated with the average germination periods of the seeds.