• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2013

As GNSS(Global Navigation Satellite System) is used in various filed, many countries establish GNSS system independently. But GNSS system has the limitation of accuracy and stability in stand-alone mode, because this system has error elements which are ionospheric delay, tropospheric delay, orbit ephemeris error, satellite clock error, and etc. For overcome of accuracy limitation, the DGPS(Differential GPS) and RTK(Real-Time Kinematic) systems are proposed. These systems perform relative positioning using the reference and user receivers. ETRI(Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute) is developing precision navigation system in point of extension of GNSS usage. The precision navigation system is for providing the precision navigation solution to common users. If this technology is developed, GNSS system can be used in the fields which require precision positioning and control. In this paper, we introduce the precision navigation system and perform design and algorithm verification.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.277-280
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• 2008

Enhancing the positioning precision is the primary pursuit of GPS users. To achieve this goal, most studies have focused on the relationship between GPS receiver clock errors and GPS positioning precision. This study utilizes undifferentiated phase data to calculate GPS clock errors and to compare with the frequency of cesium clock directly, thus verifying estimated clock errors by the method used in this paper. The relative frequency offsets from this paper and from National Standard Time and Frequency Laboratory of Taiwan match to $1.5{\times}10^{12}$ in the frequency instability, suggesting that the proposed technique has reached a certain level of quality. The built-in quartz clocks in the GPS receivers yield relative frequency offsets that are 3 to 4 orders higher than those of rubidium clocks. The frequency instability of the quartz clocks is on average two orders worse than that of the rubidium clock. Using the rubidium clock instead of the quartz clock, the horizontal and vertical positioning accuracies were improved by 26-78% (0.6-3.6 mm) and 20-34% (1.3-3.0 mm), respectively, for a short baseline. These improvements are 7-25% (0.3-1.7 mm) and 11% (1.7 mm) for a long baseline. Our experiments show that the frequency instability of clock, rather than relative frequency offset, is the governing factor of positioning accuracy.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.59-74
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• 2009

Relative navigation system is presented using GPS measurements from a single-channel global positioning system (GPS) simulator. The objective of this study is to provide the real-time inter-satellite relative positions as well as absolute positions for two formation flying satellites in low earth orbit. To improve the navigation performance, the absolute states are estimated using ion-free GRAPHIC (group and phase ionospheric correction) pseudo-ranges and the relative states are determined using double differential carrier-phase data and singled-differential C/A code data based on the extended Kalman filter and the unscented Kalman filter. Furthermore, pseudo-relative dynamic model and modified relative measurement model are developed. This modified EKF method prevents non-linearity of the measurement model from degrading precision by applying linearization about absolute navigation solutions not about the priori estimates. The LAMBDA method also has been used to improve the relative navigation performance by fixing ambiguities to integers for precise relative navigation. The software-based simulation has been performed and the steady state accuracies of 1 m and 6 mm ($1{\sigma}$ of 3-dimensional difference errors) are achieved for the absolute and relative navigation using EKF for a short baseline leader/follower formation. In addition, the navigation performances are compared for the EKF and the UKF for 10 hours simulation, and relative position errors are mm-level for the two filters showing the similar trends.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.172-179
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• 2005

A high-precision centerless grinding machine has been recognized as a core equipment performing the finish outer-diameter grinding process of ferrules which are widely used as fiber optic connectors. In this study, in order to realize the high-precision centerless grinding machine, the structural characteristic analysis and evaluation are carried out on the virtual prototype consisted of the steel bed, hydrostatic GW and RW spindle systems, hydrostatic RW feed mechanism, RW swivel mechanism, and on-machine GW and RW dressers. The loop stiffnesses of centerless grinding machine are estimated based on the relative deformations between GW and RW caused by the grinding forces. And the simulated results illustrate that the concrete-filled bed has the considerable effect on the improvement of the structural stiffness of centerless grinding machine.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.34-39
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• 2006

High-precision centerless grinding machines are emerging as a means of finishing the outer diameter grinding process required for ferrules, which are widely used as fiber optic connectors. In this study, a structural characteristic analysis and evaluation were carried out using a virtual prototype of a centerless grinding machine to realize systematic design technology and performance improvements required to manufacture ferrules. The prototype consisted of a concrete-filled bed, hydrostatic grinding wheel (GW) and regulating wheel (RW) spindle systems, a hydrostatic RW feed mechanism, a RW swivel mechanism, and on-machine GW and RW dressers. The loop stiffness values of the centerless grinding machine were estimated based on the relative displacements between the GW and RW caused by grinding forces. The simulated results illustrated that a concrete-filled bed considerably improved the structural stiffness and accuracy of a high-precision centerless grinding machine.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.771-783
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• 2022

In this study, the feasibility of alternative tractor Roll Over Protective Structure (ROPS) designed to evaluate conditions required for testing was confirmed. In accordance with Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) code 4, the required load energy of the tractor ROPS was determined. First, the tractor ROPS test was performed and a repeated test was performed using a simplified ROPS as an alternative tractor ROPS. The test procedure is first rearward, second lateral, and last forward based on ROPS. The load test device consists of a load cell that measures force and a LVDT that measures deformation. Precision was confirmed by calculating the relative standard deviation of the simplified ROPS repeated test. Accuracy was analyzed by calculating the mean relative error between the mean measured values in the simplified ROPS test and the tractor ROPS test. As a result, the relative standard deviation was less than 2.5% for force and 3.3% for maximum deformation overall, showed the highest precision in lateral load. The mean relative error value for force measured at the lateral load of simplified ROPS was 0.5%, showing the highest accuracy. In the front load test, the mean relative error of maximum deformation was 20.5%, showing the lowest accuracy. The mean relative error (MRE) was high in the forward load test was because of structural factors of the ROPS. The simplified ROPS model is expected to save money and time spent preparing tractors.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.792-795
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• 2005

The guide-ways of precision machine tools are one of important element of machine tools. It has usually a pair of surfaces for constraint of one direction with bearing. In the case of precision machine tools, non-contact bearing such as hydrostatic bearing and aerostatic bearing is adopted usually. In this case, profiles of rails has effect on straightness and the clearance of bearing has effect on stiffness of guide way, which changes to higher if clearance changes to smaller. The clearance is varied along moving table according to relative distance of pair of rails. The relative distance of pair of rail can be divided by three properties. First and second properties are straightness of each pair of rail and bearing pad. And, third is parallelism about pair of rails and pairs of bearing pad. There are several methods for measuring straightness of each surface such as reversal method, sequential two point method, and way straightness. These straightness measuring methods are always acquiring deviation of profile from eliminating linear fitted inclined line and don't have the information of parallelism. Therefore, to get the small clearance for high stiffness, the straightness of rail and bearing pad and parallelism about pair of rails and pair of bearing pads are measured for correction such as regrinding, reassembling and lapping. In this research, new and easy method for measuring parallelism of pair of rails is suggested. Two displacement probe and sensor stage, which is carry on the displacement sensor, are needed. The simulation and experiment was accomplished about pair of horizontal guide way to confirm the measurement of parallelism. And, the third probe is added to measure the straightness of each rails by sequential two point method. From the estimation of combined these two methods, it is confirmed that the profiles of a pairs of rails can be measured.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.77-88
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• 2015

The dynamics of relative motion in a perturbed orbital environment are exploited based on Gauss' and Cowell's variational equations. The inertial coordinate frame and relative coordinate frame (Hill frame) are used, and a linear high fidelity model is developed to describe the relative motion. This model takes into account the primary gravitational and atmospheric drag perturbations. Then, this model is used in the design of a navigation, guidance, and control system of a chaser vehicle to approach towards and to depart from a target vehicle in proximity operations. Relative navigation uses an extended Kalman filter based on this relative model to estimate the relative position/velocity of the chaser vehicle with respect to the target vehicle. This filter uses the range and angle measurements of the target relative to the chaser from a simulated LIDAR system. The corresponding measurement models, process noise matrix, and other filter parameters are provided. Numerical simulations are performed to assess the precision of this model with respect to the full nonlinear model. The analyses include the navigation errors and trajectory dispersions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.42-45
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• 2002

General wheel mark in mono-crystalline silicon wafer finding is able to be expected because it depends on radius ratio and angular velocity ratio of wafer and wheel. The pattern is predominantly determined by the contour of abrasive grits resulting from a relative motion. Although such a wheel mark is made uniform pattern if the process parameters are fixed, sub-surface defect is expected to be distributed non-uniformly because of characteristic of mono-crystalline silicon wafer that has diamond cubic crystal. Consequently it is considered that this phenomenon affects the following process. This paper focused on kinematic analysis of wafer grinding process and simulation program was developed to verify the effect of process variables on wheel mark. And finally, we were able to predict sub-surface defect distribution that considered characteristic of mono-crystalline silicon wafer

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.939-943
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• 2004

The side and rear-side collision warning system using fuzzy control algorithms is discussed in this paper. Common rearside warning system has many problems. For example if target vehicle comes into the warning area, it must unconditionally warn. Drivers could be interrupted by it. To solve the problem, I divided measuring area into two sections. One section is blind area of vehicle and the other rear-side area. For blind area, obtained data was filtered inefficient warning signal by using relative velocity method. For rear-side area, a fuzzy logic algorithm is used to recognition of obstacles. According to our experiment relative velocity method and fuzzy logic algorithms were very efficient.