• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.800-811
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• 2022

The integration of metabolomics and transcriptomics may elucidate the correlation between the genotypic and phenotypic patterns in organisms. In equine physiology, various metabolite levels vary during exercise, which may be correlated with a modified gene expression pattern of related genes. Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic studies in horses have not been conducted to date. The objective of this study was to detect the effect of moderate exercise on the metabolomic and transcriptomic levels in horses. In this study, using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, we analyzed the concentrations of metabolites in muscle and plasma; we also determined the gene expression patterns of branched chain (alpha) keto acid dehydrogenase kinase complex (BCKDK), which encodes the key regulatory enzymes in branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism, in two breeds of horses, Thoroughbred and Jeju, at different time intervals. The concentrations of metabolites in muscle and plasma were measured by ¹H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy, and the relative metabolite levels before and after exercise in the two samples were compared. Subsequently, multivariate data analysis based on the metabolic profiles was performed using orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and variable important plots and t-test were used for basic statistical analysis. The stress-induced expression patterns of BCKDK genes in horse muscle-derived cells were examined using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to gain insight into the role of transcript in response to exercise stress. In this study, we found higher concentrations of aspartate, leucine, isoleucine, and lysine in the skeletal muscle of Jeju horses than in Thoroughbred horses. In plasma, compared with Jeju horses, Thoroughbred horses had higher levels of alanine and methionine before exercise; whereas post-exercise, lysine levels were increased. Gene expression analysis revealed a decreased expression level of BCKDK in the post-exercise period in Thoroughbred horses.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.1082-1087
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• 2021

The propeller shaft has different pattern of behaviors at each static, dynamic, and transient condition to a ship shaft system due to the effects of propeller weight and eccentric thrust, which increases the potential risk of bearing failure by causing local load variations. To prevent this, the various research of the shafting system has been conducted with the emphasis on optimizing the relative slope and oil film retention between propeller shaft and stern tube bearing at quasi-static condition, mainly with respect to the Rules for the Classification of Steel Ships. However, to guarantee a stability of the shafting system, it is necessary to consider the dynamic condition including the transient state due to the sudden change in the stern wakefield during rudder turn. In this context, this study cross-validated the ef ect of propeller shaft behavior on the stern tube bearing during port turn operation, which is a typical transient condition, by using the strain gauge method and displacement sensor for 50,000 DWT medium class tanker. And it was confirmed that the propeller eccentric thrust change showing relief the load of the stern tube bearing.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.279-288
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• 2007

We have studied a method for the preparation of $ACF/TiO_2$ composites involving the penetrationof titanium n-butoxide (TNB) solution into activated carbon fiber. It was focused on the characterization of $TiO_2$ formed in prorous carbon was which increased with surface functional groups by hydrochloric acid treatment. The conversion of TNB to $TiO_2$ for the acid treatment effect must be important for the preparationof $ACF/TiO_2$ composites. From the characterization of surface properties, both the BET surface area and the total pore volume decreased as the distribution of $TiO_2$ on the activated carbon fiber surfaces after acid treatments.The changes in XRD pattern showed the typical anatase type on $ACF/TiO_2$ composite for the sample named FT, FT1 and FT2 treated with 0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 M, respectively. However, XRD patern of FT3 treated with 0.5M showed mixed amatase-rutile structure. According to the results of SEM micrographs, the titanium complexe particles were irregularly distributed around carbon. And some large clusters were found when an amount of acid treatment increased. The EDX results of $ACF/TiO_2$ composites showed the presence of C, O and P with strong Ti peaks. Finally, the excellent photocatalytic activity of the $ACF/TiO_2$ composites between relative concentration($c/c_o$) of MB (methylene blue) and UV irradiation time could be attributed to the both effects between photocatalysis of the formation of titania complexes and adsorptivity of the activated carbon fiber.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.15-25
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• 2022

This study aims to identify the family and lineage of a part of a "Fish Tribe Conference" in the section Tokkijeon by utilizing computer literature analysis techniques. First of all, we encode the classification for a pairwise comparison's type of each paragraph to build a corpus, and based on this, we use the Hamming distance to calculate the distance matrix between each classification for a pairwise comparison's. We visualized classification for a pairwise comparison's clustering pattern by applying multidimensional scale method, and hierarchical clustering to explore the characteristics of the 'fish family' line and lineage compared to the existing cluster analysis study on entire paragraphs of "Tokkijeon". As a result, unlike the cluster analysis of the entire paragraph of "Tokkijeon", which consists of six categories, the "Fish Tribe Conference" section has five categories and some classification for a pairwise comparison's accesses. The results of this study are that the relative distance between Yibon was measured and systematic classification was performed in an objective and empirical way by calculation, and the characteristics of the line of the fish family were revealed compared to the analysis of the entire rabbit exhibition.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.106-114
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• 2022

This study attempted to empirically investigate the difference in the Advertising Acceptance Attitudes of pre-roll advertisements according to the Use Motivation and Use Intensity of YouTube, which act as important factors in using YouTube. For this study, a survey targeted to both male and female university students was conducted, 200 people's data being used for the analysis. First research result was that positive attitude towards advertisement based on the Youtube Use Motivation was higher for the group who pursue narrative identities than the group who habitually use intention and pursue amusement. For avoidance behavior, the group who habitually use intention and pursue amusement was higher than the group who pursue narrative identities. Second, for the positive attitude towards advertisement based on Youtube Use Intensity, the group with higher Use Intensity showed an optimistic attitude relative to the group with lower Use Intensity. However, there was no difference in the avoidance behavior for advertisement. These following results imply that a strategy considering the Use Pattern based on the Use Motivation and Use Intensity of the users is needed in enforcing YouTube pre-roll advertisements.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.39 no.12
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• pp.75-91
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• 2023

In this study, we explore the use of ground penetrating radar (GPR) for the nondestructive survey of subsurface conduits, focusing on the challenges posed by multichannel environments. A key concern is the shadow regions created by conduits, which significantly impact survey results. The shadow regions, which are influenced by conduit position and diameter, hinder signal propagation, thereby making detection within these regions challenging. Using finite-difference time-domain numerical analysis, we examined the characteristics of conduit signals, which typically manifest in hyperbolic patterns. Particularly, we investigated three conduit arrangements: horizontal, vertical, and diagonal. Automatic gain control was applied to amplify the signals, enabling the analysis of variations in shadow regions and signal characteristics for each arrangement. In the horizontal arrangement, the proximity of the two conduits resulted in the emergence of a new hyperbolic pattern between the existing conduits. In the vertical arrangement, the lower conduit could be detected using hyperbolic signals on either side, but the detection was challenging when the upper conduit diameter exceeded that of the lower conduit. In the diagonal arrangement, signal characteristics varied based on the position of shadow regions relative to the detection range of the equipment. Asymmetrical signal patterns were observed when the shadow regions fell within the detection range, whereas the signals of the two conduits were minimally impacted when the shadow regions were outside the detection range. This study provides vital insights into accurately detecting and characterizing subsurface multichannel conduits using GPR-a significant contribution to the field of subsurface exploration and management.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1996-2005
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• 2021

Objective: To investigate the multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) features of fumarate hydratase-deficient renal cell carcinoma (FH-deficient RCC) with germline or somatic mutations, and compare them with those of papillary type II RCC (pRCC type II). Materials and Methods: A total of 24 patients (mean ± standard deviation, 40.4 ± 14.7 years) with pathologically confirmed FH-deficient RCC (15 with germline and 9 with somatic mutations) and 54 patients (58.6 ± 12.6 years) with pRCC type II were enrolled. The MDCT features were retrospectively reviewed and compared between the two entities and mutation subgroups, and were correlated with the clinicopathological findings. Results: All the lesions were unilateral and single. Compared with pRCC type II, FH-deficient RCC was more prevalent among younger patients (40.4 ± 14.7 vs. 58.6 ± 12.6, p < 0.001) and tended to be larger (8.1 ± 4.1 vs. 5.4 ± 3.2, p = 0.002). Cystic solid patterns were more common in FH-deficient RCC (20/24 vs. 16/54, p < 0.001), with 16 of the 20 (80.0%) cystic solid tumors having showed typical polycystic and thin smooth walls and/or septa, with an eccentric solid component. Lymph node (16/24 vs. 16/54, p = 0.003) and distant (11/24 vs. 3/54, p < 0.001) metastases were more frequent in FH-deficient RCC. FH-deficient RCC and pRCC type II showed similar attenuation in the unenhanced phase. The attenuation in the corticomedullary phase (CMP) (76.3% ± 25.0% vs. 60.2 ± 23.6, p = 0.008) and nephrographic phase (NP) (87.7 ± 20.5, vs. 71.2 ± 23.9, p = 0.004), absolute enhancement in CMP (39.0 ± 24.8 vs. 27.1 ± 22.7, p = 0.001) and NP (50.5 ± 20.5 vs. 38.2 ± 21.9, p = 0.001), and relative enhancement ratio to the renal cortex in CMP (0.35 ± 0.26 vs. 0.24 ± 0.19, p = 0.001) and NP (0.43 ± 0.24 vs. 0.29 ± 0.19, p < 0.001) were significantly higher in FH-deficient RCC. No significant difference was found between the FH germline and somatic mutation subgroups in any of the parameters. Conclusion: The MDCT features of FH-deficient RCC were different from those of pRCC type II, whereas there was no statistical difference between the germline and somatic mutation subgroups. A kidney mass with a cystic solid pattern and metastatic tendency, especially in young patients, should be considered for FH-deficient RCC.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.1323-1331
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• 2021

Objective: To identify the association between renal tumor complexity and pathologic renal sinus invasion (RSI) and evaluate the usefulness of computed tomography tumor features for predicting RSI in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 276 consecutive patients who underwent radical nephrectomy for RCC with a size of ≤ 7 cm between January 2014 and October 2017. Tumor complexity and anatomical renal sinus involvement were evaluated using two standardized scoring systems: the radius (R), exophytic or endophytic (E), nearness to collecting system or sinus (N), anterior or posterior (A), and location relative to polar lines (RENAL) nephrometry and preoperative aspects and dimensions used for anatomical classification (PADUA) system. CT-based tumor features, including shape, enhancement pattern, margin at the interface of the renal sinus (smooth vs. non-smooth), and finger-like projection of the mass, were also assessed by two independent radiologists. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify significant predictors of RSI. The positive predictive value, negative predictive value (NPV), accuracy of anatomical renal sinus involvement, and tumor features were evaluated. Results: Eighty-one of 276 patients (29.3%) demonstrated RSI. Among highly complex tumors (RENAL or PADUA score ≥ 10), the frequencies of RSI were 42.4% (39/92) and 38.0% (71/187) using RENAL and PADUA scores, respectively. Multivariable analysis showed that a non-smooth margin and the presence of a finger-like projection were significant predictors of RSI. Anatomical renal sinus involvement showed high NPVs (91.7% and 95.2%) but low accuracy (40.2% and 43.1%) for RSI, whereas the presence of a non-smooth margin or finger-like projection demonstrated comparably high NPVs (90.0% and 91.3% for both readers) and improved accuracy (67.0% and 73.9%, respectively). Conclusion: A non-smooth margin or the presence of a finger-like projection can be used as a preoperative CT-based tumor feature for predicting RSI in patients with RCC.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.13-19
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• 2024

In this study, to reinforce the surface layer of weathered soil slopes where erosion and collapse of surface layer occur, compression strength tests were conducted by mixing carbon fiber and eco-friendly stabilizer (E.S.B.) To determine the optimal mixing ratio of E.S.B. and carbon fiber, E.S.B. was set at conditions of 10%, 20%, and 30%, and carbon fiber at 0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9%, and 1.2%. Additionally, to analyze the changes in compressive strength according to dry density and curing period, 85% and 95% of the maximum dry unit weight were applied, and curing periods were set to 3 days, 7 days, and 28 days. The standard strength for surface layer reinforcement of slopes is proposed as 4 MPa at 7 days and 6 MPa at 28 days according to ACI 230.1R-09 (2009). The compression test results showed that the unconfined compressive strength of E.S.B. reinforced soil met the standard strength at an E.S.B. mixing ratio of 10% or more for 95% compaction. Moreover, when carbon fiber was mixed with E.S.B. reinforced soil, a ductile fracture pattern was observed after the yield point due to compressive strength, indicating that the mixture could compensate for post-yield failure. It was analyzed that the maximum strength is exhibited at a carbon fiber mixing ratio of 0.6%. The unconfined compressive strength of carbon fiber reinforced soil increases by approximately 54-70% compared to the condition without carbon fiber.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.85 no.4
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• pp.714-726
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• 2024

Researchers have developed various algorithms utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) to automatically and objectively diagnose patterns and extent of pulmonary emphysema or interstitial lung diseases on chest CT scans. Studies show that AI-based quantification of emphysema on chest CT scans reveals a connection between an increase in the relative percentage of emphysema and a decline in lung function. Notably, quantifying centrilobular emphysema has proven helpful in predicting clinical symptoms or mortality rates of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In the context of interstitial lung diseases, AI can classify the usual interstitial pneumonia pattern on CT scans into categories like normal, ground-glass opacity, reticular opacity, honeycombing, emphysema, and consolidation. This classification accuracy is comparable to chest radiologists (70%-80%). However, the results generated by AI are influenced by factors such as scan parameters, reconstruction algorithms, radiation doses, and the training data used to develop the AI. These limitations currently restrict the widespread adoption of AI for quantifying pulmonary emphysema and interstitial lung diseases in daily clinical practice. This paper will showcase the authors' experience using AI for diagnosing and quantifying emphysema and interstitial lung diseases through case studies. We will primarily focus on the advantages and limitations of AI for these two diseases.