• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.722-726
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• 2011

The management standard on soil conditions in 'Fuji' apple to produce high quality fruit were not yet made. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the optimum soil environmental conditions of ten contents on production of high quality fruit in 'Fuji' apple. The soil and fruit characteristics were analyzed at total 60 orchards in major apple producing areas such as Chungju, Moonkyeung, yeongju, andong, yeosan and yeongcheon (10 orchards an area). The soil environmental factors affected fruit weight was highest relative contribution in saturated hydraulic conductivity of 36.5%. The bulk density and soil pH were low as relative contribution. The fruit weight was influenced by soil physical properties more than soil chemical properties. The soil environmental factors affected sugar content were hydraulic conductivity of 28.3% and organic matter content of 18.2%. The cultivation layer depth and soil pH were low as relative contribution. The fruit coloring was highest relative contribution in saturated hydraulic conductivity 55.9%. while soil pH, cation and soil texture were low. Fruit coloring was high influenced over 70% by soil physical properties. Finally, relative contribution on fruit quality related with sugar content, fruit weight, and coloring were high influenced by saturated hydraulic conductivity of 21.% and organic matter content of 18.7% but bulk density and cultivation layer depth were low relative contribution. The fruit growth and saturated hydraulic conductivity in 'Fuji' apple were very closely related. Therefore, orchard soil management to produce high quality fruit was very importance drainage management and organic matter application. We concluded that scientific soil management is possible by qualifiable of soil management factors.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.29 no.1 s.72
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• pp.23-35
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• 1999

Lateral cephalograms or 251 males md 286 females were taken and pubertal growth pattern or cranial base, maxillary and mandible of 7 to 17 years old Korean children was evaluated. 10 landmarks and 16 analytical measurements were evaluated. Analytical measurement and annual difference for each age group was calculated and tested for statistical significance. Analytical measurements were classified into three groups which were cranial base, maxillary and mandibular measurements and also classified into make and female measurements. Following results were achieved. 1. The circumpuberal growth spurt was earlier in Korean females than in males. 2. Cranial base, maxilla and mandible showed circumpuberal growth. The cranial base showed a relatively smaller amount of growth than the facial complex. 3. Middle and posterior cranial base length showed a floater increase than anterior cranial base length and circumpuberal growth spurt was also more definite. 4. the forward and downward growth or maxilla results from maxillary growht itself and transposition or the maxilla due to circumsutural growth aroud the maxilla. Ar-ANS and Ar-Pr which represent maxillary position relative to the cranial base showed more growth than ANS-PNS which represents maxillary bone growth. 5. mandible showed more vertical growth than horizontal growth but without significance. 6. Alveolar gwoth of maxilla and mandible show maximum growth rate of the time of permanent teeth eruption following loss of deciduous teeth . After this period alveolar growth shows a decreasing tendency.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.157-161
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• 2003

Proline is known as an osmoprotectant accumulating in response to salt and dehydration stresses. An increased level of proline is achieved by either an induced synthesis or a reduced degradation of proline. In an attempt to increase salt tolerance in carrot, a P5CS gene from mothbean was introduced via an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The resulting carrot cells and the regenerated plants containing the transgene showed increased levels of proline compared to nontransgenics. The transgenic cell line, Pj2 showed about 6 times increased degree of tolerance determined by relative growth after a treatment in 250 mM NaCl. In facts, due to the retarded growth shown in non-saline condition, Pj2 cells grow only about 1.2 times better than nontransgenic control under salt stress condition. Taken together, it appears that a P5CS is a key enzyme in proline biosynthesis and the increased accumulation of proline by overexpression of the enzyme is enough to enhance tolerance to salt stress in carrot.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.445-447
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• 2002

The compositional changes in mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) were investigated in the marine dinoflagellate Scrippsiella sweeneyae exposed to four different spectral compositions and five relative intensities of UV-B (280-320 nm) to UV-A (320-400 nm) + photosynthetically available radiation (PAR: 400-700 nm). Neither dose nor wavelengths of UVR significantly affected the growth rates. UVR caused a significantly increase in cell volume. Cell volume in the >280nm treatment was more than two times greater at 6.8 % of UVR intensity. Production of UVR induced MAAs was dependent on the dose of UVR. However. the induction of MAAs was related to the cell growth. Greater induction of MAAs was observed at shorter wavelengths. The composition of MAAs varied with increasing light intensity of UVR.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.67-70
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• 2001

Nanosize $SiO_2$composite particles have been synthesized within reverse micelle via metal alkoxide hydrolysis and condensation. The size of the particles can be controlled by manipulating the relative rates of the hydrolysis and condensation reactions of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) within the microemulsion. The average size of synthesized particles was about in the size range 14~30nm. The effects of synthesis parameters, such as the molar ratio of water to TEOS, the molar ratio of water to surfactant, and the amount of base catalyst, are discussed.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.221-224
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• 2001

Effect of hyperosmotic pressure on growth of recombinant Chinese hamster 。 vary cells and Erythropoietin (EPO) production was investigated. Cells were cultivated in batch modes at various osmolalities. When the osmolality increased from 314 to 463mOsm/Kg, specific EPO productivity (qp) was increased up to 1.6-fold but cell growth was inhibited. EPO has a complex oligosaccharide structure that plays an important role in biological activity in vivo. To investigate the influence of hypoerosmotic pressure on the glycosylation, structural analysis of oligosaccharide was calTied out. Recombinant human EPO was produced by CHO cells grown under various osmotic pressure and purified from culture supernatants by heparin-sepharose affinity column and immunoaffinity column. N-linked oligosaccharides were released enzymatically and isolated by paper chromatography. The isolated oligosaccharides were labeled with fluorescent dye, 2-aminobenzamide and analyzed with MonoQ anion exchange chromatography and GlycosepN amide chromatography for the assignment of GU (glucose unit) value. Glycan analysis by HPLC showed that neutral (asialo) oligosaccharide was increased slightly with an increase in osmolality. In portion of sialylated glycan, total relative amount of mono- and di-sialyated glycan was increased but that of tri- and tetra-sialylated glycan decreased as osmolality was increased.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.49-52
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• 2001

The collagen growth effects in rats using B. mori fibroin sponge sheet, pure fibroin solution and chitosan sponge sheet were investigated. Histopathological inspection of the wound 12 days later showed the increse of a vascular ingrowth and the absence of inflammatory cells. Wound healing effects were accelerated in the order of Fibroin sponge sheet$\geq$Fibroin dressing solution〉Chitosan sponge sheet〉Control. The mean percentage of collagen production in rats after 12 days was 46.12$\pm$4.58% and 42.11$\pm$5.67% in fibroin sponge sheet and dressing solution-treated rats, respectively. These values were higher than the relative content in the chitosan sponge sheet and control groups, which was 23.87$\pm$3.24 and 2.42$\pm$0.32%, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.421-424
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• 2013

The Hall factor in a quantum well structure with X or L-type indirect conduction valleys is calculated for various strain conditions. The two-dimensional constant energy surfaces of occupied valleys are proven to be identical. As a result, the Hall factor depends on the relative direction of occupied valleys to the growth direction, regardless of the number of occupied valleys. This work is widely applicable to the two-dimensional structure with indirect conduction minima for any growth direction and under different strain conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.31-43
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• 1982

A general equilibrium growth model is constructed to analyse the income distributional impacts of the 1973 world oil crisis upon the Korean economy. Our results show that all consumer groups experienced a virtually uniform percentage reduction in their income levels. This implies that a lower income groups may be more damaged in a relative sense. In any rate, there were no domestic groups who benefit from the international oil crisis. This model could be used to figure out which social group will be most vulnerable against the next possible oil crisis we may expect in the future. Our result nay provide us a guideline for a compensating program to protect such groups against an external shock.

• Proceedings of the Korea Association of Crystal Growth Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.61-64
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• 1998

PZT ceramics were rapidly sintered in a 2.45GHz microwave oven without no addition of lead to the atmosphere and afterwards the piezoelectric properties were investigated. The specimens were sintered between 1050 and 1130$^{\circ}C$ with the sintering time totaling less then 20 minutes, reducing processing times and costs from those of established methods. The relative dielectric constant, mechanical quality factor and electro-mechanical coupling factor of the PZT specimens at 1090$^{\circ}C$ were 1990, 80,0.53 respectively, which is comparable to conventionally sintered values.