• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.417-426
• /
• 2020

Drilling processes in fiber-reinforced polymer composites are essential for the assembly and fabrication of composite structural parts. The economic impact of rejecting the drilled part is significant considering the associated loss when it reaches the assembly stage. Therefore, this article tends to illustrate the effect of cutting conditions (feed and speed), and laminate thickness on thrust force, torque, and delamination in drilling woven E-glass fiber reinforced epoxy (GFRE) composites. Four feeds (0.025, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mm/r) and three speeds (400, 800, and 1600 RPM) are exploited to drill square specimens of 36.6×36.6 mm, by using CNC machine model "Deckel Maho DMG DMC 1035 V, ecoline". The composite laminates with thicknesses of 2.6 mm, 5.3 mm, and 7.7 mm are constructed respectively from 8, 16, and 24 glass fiber layers with a fiber volume fraction of about 40%. The drilled specimen is scanned using a high-resolution flatbed color scanner, then, the image is analyzed using CorelDraw software to evaluate the delamination factor. Multi-variable regression analysis is performed to present the significant coefficients and contribution of each variable on the thrust force and delamination. Results illustrate that the drilling parameters and laminate thickness have significant effects on thrust force, torque, and delamination factor.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.317-330
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to figure out the characteristics of dietary habits and lifestyles related to the development of insulin resistance syndrome(IRS). The participants in this study were 595 adults with one or more abnormal data from a health examination and 215 normal adults. When IRS was defined as a condition in which the subjects have 2 or more abnormalities among obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and hyperglycemia, the prevalence rate was 37.8%. We classified the 595 adults by the number of components of IRS components they had, the higher age and obesity index they had. Total cholesterol and glucose levels in the blood were also positively related to the number of IRS components. IRS subjects tended to practice less habitual drinking and more exercise and weight control. Coffee consumption and dining out frequency were also lower in the IRS group. An analysis of food habits by odds ratio indicated that total food score was better in the IRS group. However, it appeared that food habits such as \"frequent snacking\" and \"never rejecting offered foods\" need to be improved in IRS subjects. Other undesirable food habits were related to the consumption of eggs, dairy products, fried foods, garlic and onion. Dietary intake of Ca, Fe, riboflavin, Vit A, and energy were less than 75% of the Korean recommended allowance for more than half of the subjects. Nutrient intake was lower, Ca/P ratio from food intake was worse in the IRS group. Our results indicated that nutrition counseling for IRS need to be focused on balanced food intake to supply sufficient amount of each nutrient.nt of each nutrient.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.65 no.4
• /
• pp.295-315
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyse the ethical basis of two influential global citizenship idea - Rawls' liberal approach and cosmopolitan republicanism - as a theory on global justice. In the aspect of deontology, Rawls' view has the limit not to reflect reciprocal obligation and duty on civil right in the era of economic globalization that inequality has been structured. But cosmopolitan republicanism has the basis of deontological justification because advocates the realization of anti-domination principle at global level. In the aspect of utilitarianism, Rawls attempts to justify the logic rejecting redistribution intra nations. But cosmopolitan republicanism has the potential to decrease maleficence at global level and to increase utility level through overcoming the structured sacrifice of the citizens of developing countries.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.163-171
• /
• 1997

Function approximation from a set of input-output pairs has numerous applications in scientific and engineering areas. Multilayer feedforward neural networks have been proposed as a good approximator of nonlinear function. The back propagation(BP) algorithm allows multilayer feedforward neural networks to learn input-output mappings from training samples. It iteratively adjusts the network parameters(weights) to minimize the sum of squared approximation errors using a gradient descent technique. However, the mapping acquired through the BP algorithm may be corrupt when errorneous training data we employed. When errorneous traning data are employed, the learned mapping can oscillate badly between data points. In this paper we propose a robust BP learning algorithm that is resistant to the errorneous data and is capable of rejecting gross errors during the approximation process, that is stable under small noise perturbation and robust against gross errors.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
• /
• v.24 no.8
• /
• pp.753-762
• /
• 2013

This paper forecast that, if the EMC test market for broadcasting and communication materials and equipment reaches a saturated state, such will give rise to adverse effects such as capture phenomenon, rent seeking phenomenon, and stiff test price competition; this in turn will eventually wield a negative impact on our society. Thus, to determine the saturation level of EMC test markets, the size of test markets and test capabilities of the designated laboratories were surveyed. As a result, the operation rate of equipment in the EMC test markets was revealed to be 78 %, suggesting market saturation. Moreover, the wireless, wire, and SAR equipment operation rates reached 65 %, 3 %, and 10 %, respectively, suggesting market saturation. Thus, maintaining the strictness of testing requires limiting the designation of new test laboratories; in light of practices and implementation of laws, however, the relevant administrative agency has difficulty rejecting applications for the designation of laboratories.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.9-20
• /
• 2002

This study examined different individual and environmental factors that affect children's experience of harassment from their peers. For the individual variables, gender, behavioral problems, and self-esteem were included in the anal)'sis. For the family variables, mother's parenting style and the socio-economic status of parents were examined, and for the school variables, the supervision of the teacher and the attitudes of the classmates toward bullying were used. Two forms of peer harassment, the overt form and the relational form were examined in this study. The sample consisted of 520 fifth grade children. Statistics and methods used for the data analysis were Cronbach's alpha, factor analysis, frequency, percentage, means, standard deviation, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression. Several major relationships were found from the analyses. First, the more the children tend to internalize behavioral problems and have lower self-esteem, the more likely they are to get victimized by overt and relational forms of harassment. Boys experience more overt harassment than girls. Second, the more the mother's parenting style is permissive-nonintervening, or rejecting-restricting, and the higher the father's social status is, the more likely the child is subjected to overt and relational forms of harassment. Third, the more the children feel that the teacher is paying attention to bullying, the less the children are subjected to the overt form of peer harassment. Fourth, children's internalizing behavioral problems, mother's permissiveness-nonintervention, children's self-esteem, children's gender, and the supervision of the teacher regarding bullying significantly affected the experience of overt forms of harassment. A twenty two percent variance in the victimization of an overt form was explained by those variables. Children's internalizing behavioral problems, mother's permissiveness-nonintervention, children's self-esteem, and mother's rejection-restriction significantly affected the experience of relational form of peers harassment. Twenty six percent of the variance in the relational form of victimization was explained by those variables.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 1991

If one were to say that war is political in its nature, then war could be one of the several ways of achieving political goals. Thus, the aspect of wars will, in certainty, be altered by the changes in political environment. Wars in the past broke out mainly due to ideological differences that ran to extremes and were of high intensity. However, wars today show such restraints as controlling them beforehand or during the war in anticipation of the post-war situation. The trend of ideas to actualize such wars in the effective operation of airpower is on the rise. Airpower normally possesses speed and operative flexibility as well as capability of destruction, so it is possible to destroy the politically declared targets clearly. Previous airpower was merely employed as means of helping to vertically detouring the spatial obstacle that the ground forces encountered. Over the years, due to the speedy improvement of aviation technology and of ideas concerning wars in space, more advanced application has been developed. but they also were nothing more than an auxiliary role to facilotate the ground forces, that needed a longer effective range of firepower and did not become forces with the right of self-determination, that is, the fact of decisive war that makes its outcome. However, under transitional strategic environment like that of the present, Airpower possesses not only the capability to operate as a decisive means of war but also as theories to support it. The advancement in air technology has enabled supremacy over targets in depth, and the development of electronic technology has empowered the improvement of degree of destruction but also triumphant war by means of an overwhelming supremacy in a relatively short period. Thus, the method of systematic destruction that accomplishes the stated goals while rejecting the damage of accumulative destruction has been realized. The progress of such a concept has also proved that the counter-force strategy that has been developed in nuclear strategy is useful in conventional warfare as well. Therefore, it can be said that the under today's strategic environment airpower is an outstanding means of military strategy that can deeply affect to achieve the national objectives.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
• /
• v.11B no.6
• /
• pp.675-682
• /
• 2004

With the five-day workweek system in bank and the increased usage of ATM(Automatic Toller Machine), it is required that the financial crime using stolen credit card should be prevented. Though a CCTV camera is usually installed in near ATM, an intelligent criminal can cheat it disguising himself with sunglass or mask. In this paper, we propose facial feature verification system which can detect whether the user's face can be Identified or not, using image processing algorithm and SVM(Support Vector Machine). Experimental results show that FAR(Error Rate for accepting a disguised man as a non-disguised one) is 1% and FRR(Error Rate for rejecting a normal/non-disguised man as a disguised one) is 2% for training data. In addition, it shows the FAR of 2.5% and the FRR of 1.43% for test data.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.90-94
• /
• 2000

In this paper, we propose an efficient method of estimating a critical threshold which is used to reject unreliable patterns in a HMM based recognition system. The rejection methods based on the anti-models which are formulated as the statistical hypothesis determine whether or not to accept an input pattern by comparing the likelihood ratio of HMM and anti-models to a critical threshold. It is quite difficult to fix a threshold for the probability of a HMM because the range of such probabilities varies severely depending on the chosen class model. We estimate the critical threshold, which is very class-dependent, using the likelihood scores for the training database. In our experiments, we applied the proposed estimating method of the threshold to the HMM based 3D hand gesture recognition system. We found that this method can be used successfully for rejecting unreliable input gestures regardless of the types of anti-models.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.498-502
• /
• 2004

The current study was conducted to monitor the possibility of the gene transfer among soil bacteria, including the effect of drift due to rain and surface water, in relation to the release of genetically modified organisms into the environment. Four types of bacteria, each with a distinct antibiotic marker, kanamycin-resistant P. fluorescens, rifampicin-resistant P. putida, chloramphenicol-resistant B. subtilis, and spectinomycin-resistant B. subtilis, were plated using a small-scale soil-core device designed to track drifting microorganisms. After three weeks of culture in the device, no Pseudomonas colonies resistant to both kanamycin and rifampicin were found. Likewise, no Bacillus colonies resistant to both chloramphenicol and spectinomycin were found. The gene transfer from glyphosate-tolerant soybeans to soil bacteria, including Rhizobium spp. as a symbiotic bacteria, was examined by hybridization using the DNA extracted from soil taken from pots, in which glyphosate-tolerant soybeans had been growing for 6 months. The results showed that 35S, T-nos, and EPSPS were observed in the positive control, but not in the DNA extracted from the soilborne microorganisms. In addition, no transgenes, such as the 35S promoter, T-nos, and EPSPS introduced into the GMO soybeans were detected in soilborne bacteria, Rhizobium leguminosarum, thereby strongly rejecting the possibility of gene transfer from the GMO soybeans to the bacterium.