• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.317-325
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• 2022

Among the approaches to the production of "green" energy, geothermal power systems are becoming quite popular in Europe. Their installation in existing buildings requires an extended, external pipes appendix and its laying operation needs a drilling activities nearby structural skeletons often designed to support static loads only, especially when ancient buildings are targeted. This contribution reports and discusses the experimental results achieved within a specific case study within the European project GEOFIT. In particular, standard accelerometric measurements in and nearby a single-story reinforced concrete building are collected and analysed in the absence of drilling (pre-drilling) and during drilling activities (drilling phase) to monitor the structure response to the external source of vibrations related to the excavations phase. The target is to outline automatic guidelines toward installations preventing from any sort of structural damage.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.365-375
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• 2023

Energy dissipation systems increase the energy dissipation capacity of buildings considerably. In this study, the effect of dampers on a typical 10-storey reinforced concrete structure with a ductile moment-resisting frame was investigated. In this context, 5 different models were created according to the calculation of the slip load and the positions of the dampers in the structure. Nonlinear time-history analyzes using 11 different earthquake acceleration records were performed on the models using the ETABS program. As a result of the analyses, storey displacements, energy dissipation ratios, drift ratios, storey accelerations, storey shears, and hysteretic curves of the dampers on the first and last storey and overturning moments are presented. In the study, it was determined that friction dampers increased the energy dissipation capacities of all models. In addition, it has been determined that positioning the dampers in the outer region of the structures and taking the base shear as a basis in the slip load calculation will be more effective.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.40-46
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• 2013

국내 철도노반설계기준에는 강화노반 두께를 일반철도와 고속철도로 이원화하여 규정하고 있으며 강화노반의 입도기준도 이원화되어 있다. 이로 인해 향후 기존선 속도향상 또는 유도상 궤도를 무도상 궤도로 변경 시 강화노반 두께증가 및 재료변경으로 인한 비용증가가 요구된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 실대형 실험을 통하여 노반상태 변경 없이 기존 일반철도인 유도상 궤도를 무도상 궤도로 변경하고 동일선로에서의 열차속도 향상 가능성을 검토하였다. 일반철도 설계기준에서 제시하고 있는 강화노반 두께를 20cm로 하고 강화노반 재료를 입도조정부순골재(M-40)를 사용한 선로 노반의 동적 특성을 분석하고 철도설계기준에서 제시하는 노반침하를 비교한 결과, 기존 일반철도 자갈궤도의 강화노반 두께 및 재료 변경 없이 무도상 궤도화가 가능하며 열차속도 400km/h까지 주행이 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 실내실험만의 결과이므로 추후 수치해석과 현장 실측치와의 비교 검토가 필요하다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제66권2호
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• pp.217-227
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• 2018

In the last decades, valuable results have been reported regarding conventional passive, active, semi-active, and hybrid structural control systems on two-dimensional and a few three-dimensional shear buildings. In this research, using a three-dimensional finite element model of high-rise concrete structures, designed by performance based plastic design method, it was attempted to construct a relatively close to reality model of concrete structures equipped with Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) by considering the effect of soil-structure interaction (SSI), torsion effect, hysteresis behavior and cracking effect of concrete. In contrast to previous studies which have focused mainly on linearly designed structures, in this study, using performance-based plastic design (PBPD) design approach, nonlinear behavior of the structures was considered from the beginning of the design stage. Inelastic time history analysis on a detailed model of twenty-story concrete structure was performed under a far-field ground motion record set. The seismic responses of the structure by considering SSI effect are studied by eight main objective functions that are related to the performance of the structure, containing: lateral displacement, acceleration, inter-story drift, plastic energy dissipation, shear force, number of plastic hinges, local plastic energy and rotation of plastic hinges. The tuning problem of TMD based on tuned mass spectra is set by considering five of the eight previously described functions. Results reveal that the structural damage distribution range is retracted and inter-story drift distribution in height of the structure is more uniform. It is strongly suggested to consider the effect of SSI in structural design and analysis.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-23
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• 2023

Various efforts have been made to reduce the weight of concrete slabs while preserving their flexural strength. This will result in reducing deflection and allows the utilization of longer spans. The top zone of the slab requires concrete to create the compression block for flexural strength, and the tension zone needs concrete to join with reinforcing for flexural strength. Also, the top and bottom slab faces must be linked to transmit stresses. Voided slab systems were and are still used to make long-span slab buildings lighter. Eight slab specimens of (1000^*1000 (1000^*1000 mm²) were cast and tested as two-way simply supported slabs in this research. The tested specimens consist of one solid slab and seven voided slabs with the following variables (type of slab solid and voided), thickness of slab (100 and 125 mm), presence of steel fibers (0% and 1%), and the number of GFRP layers). The voids in slabs were made using high-density polystyrene of dimensions (200^*200^*50 mm) with a central hole of dimensions (50^*50^*50 mm) at the ineffective concrete zones to give a reduction in weight by (34% to 38%). The slabs were tested as simply supported slabs under partial uniform loading. The results of specimens subjected to monotonic loading show that the combined strengthening by steel fibers and GFRP sheets of the concrete specimen (V-125-2GF-1%) shows the least deflection, deflection (4.6 mm), good ultimate loading capacity (192 MPa), large stiffness at cracking and at ultimate (57 and 41.74) respectively, more ductility (1.44), and high energy absorption (1344.83 kN.mm); so it's the best specimen that can be used as a voided slab under this type of loading.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.101-126
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• 2016

Seismic structural fragility constitutes an important step for performance based seismic design. Lateral load-resisting structural members are often analyzed under one component base excitation, while the effect of bi-directional shaking is accounted per simplified rules. Fragility curves are constructed herein under real bi-directional excitation by a simple extension of the conventional Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) under uni-directional shaking. Simple SODF systems, parametrically adjusted to different periods, are examined under a set of near-fault and far-fault excitations. Consideration of bi-directional interaction appears important for stiff systems. Further, the study indicates that the peak ground accelertaion, velocity and displacement (PGA, PGV and PGD) of accelerogram are relatively stable and efficient intensity measures for short, medium and long period systems respectively. '30%' combination rule seems to reasonably predict the fragility under bi-directional shaking at least for first mode dominated systems dealt herein up to a limit state of damage control.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2009

최근 국내에서는 시공성 및 경제성이 우수하고, 수려한 경관을 연출할 수 있는 보강토옹벽의 적용이 급증하고 있는 추세이다. 일반적으로 블록식 보강토옹벽 시공시 전면블록과 보강재 사이의 연결은 블록에 미리 형성시킨 돌기(전단키형 방식) 또는 플라스틱 핀(핀형 방식)을 이용하여 보강재를 블록에 정착시키는 방식으로 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 이와 같은 연결방식은 시공중 보강재에 부분적인 손상의 원인이 되며, 이로 인해 보강토옹벽의 안정성에 문제를 야기시킬 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기존 연결방식의 문제점을 해결하고자, 안정성을 보다 높이고 경제성은 기존 방식과 유사한 I형 연결장치를 이용한 전면블록/지오그리드 보강재의 연결방법을 개발하였으며, 현장 적용을 위하여 연결강도 특성을 평가하였다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.77-81
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• 2012

Cathodic protection(CP) is widely used as a means of protecting corrosion for not only marine structures like ship hulls and offshore drilling facilities, but also underground structures like buried pipelines and oil storage tanks. The principle of CP is that the anodic dissolution of metal can be protected by supplying electrons to the cathode metal. When unprotected structures are nearby to CP systems, interference problems between unprotected and protected structures may be happened. The stray current interference can accelerate the corrosion of nearby structures. So far many efforts have been made to reduce the interference in the electric railway systems adjacent to the underground metal structures like buried pipelines and gas/oil tanks. During recent few decades the protection technologies against stray current induced corrosion have been significantly improved and a number of techniques have been developed. However, there is very limited information an marine environments. Some complex harbor structures are protected by two cathodic protection systems, i.e. sacrificial anode cathodic protection(SACP) and impressed current cathodic protection(ICCP). In this case, when the protection current from sacrificial anodes returns to the cathode through electrolyte, it passes through nearby other low resistance metal structures. In many cases the stray current of ICCP systems influences the function of SACP. In this study, the risk of stray current from the SACP system to adjacent reinforced concrete structures has been verified through laboratory experiments. Concrete and steel pile structures modeled a part of bridge have been investigated in terms of CP potential and current between the two. The variation of stray current according to the magnitude of ICCP/SACP has been studied to mitigate it and to suggest the proper protection criteria.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.171-185
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• 2006

응답면기법, 유한요소법, 일차신뢰도법 그리고 반복 선형보간기법을 합리적으로 결합한 정교한 신뢰성해석 기법이 지진하중을 포함하는 단기 동적하중을 받는 복잡한 실제 비선형 동적구조계의 신뢰성 평가를 위하여 제안되었다. 기법은 하중 및 저항과 관련된 랜덤변수의 비선형성과 불확실성의 모든 중요 원천을 명시적으로 고려한다. 본 기법의 특징은 전통적 랜덤진동방법의 대안으로서 지진하중을 시간영역에서 적용하는 것이다. 실제 강프레임의 연결부에 대한 유연성을 표현하기 위하여 4-매개변수 리차드 모델을 사용하였다. 리차드 매개변수의 불확실성에 대한 고려도 알고리즘에 포함하였다. 다음으로 횡방향으로 유연한 강프레임을 철근콘크리트 전단벽으로 보강하였다. 균열 발생 후 전단벽에서의 강도저감 또한 고려되었다. 강절 연결부를 갖는 횡방향으로 유연한 강프레임, 각기 다른 강성의 부분강절 연결부를 갖는 강프레임, 그리고 콘크리트 전단벽으로 보강된 강프레임의 세 구조물을 고려함으로써 실제 구조물의 신뢰성평가를 위한 기법의 적용성을 검증하였다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.303-312
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 GFRP 보강근의 인장특성치 시험을 위한 그립 시스템의 적합성을 검증하기 위하여 캐나다 규준에서 제안하는 그립(CSA 그립), ASTM에서 제안하는 그립(ASTM 그립) 및 프리스트레싱 강연선의 정착에 일반적으로 사용되는 쐐기형 그립 등을 사용하여 GFRP 보강근에 대한 인장특성치 시험을 실시하였다. 또한, 현재 외국에서 상용화되고 있는 대표적인 2종류의 GFRP 보강근(나선형 GFRP 보강근, 모래분사형 GFRP 보강근) 및 국내에서 자체 제작한 원형 GFRP 보강근을 대상으로 하여 인장특성치 분석을 위한 시험을 실시하고 각각의 제안된 그립의 적용성 여부를 검토하였다. 본 시험에 사용된 시험편의 제작, 가력 및 측정장치의 설치 등은 CSA S806-02에서 제안하는 권고사항에 따라 실시하였다. 외국의 상용화된 GFRP 보강근에 대하여 그립의 종류를 달리하여 실시된 본 시험결과에 의하면, CSA 그립을 사용하여 시험된 GFRP 보강근의 인장강도가 가장 높은 값을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 ASTM 그립을 사용한 시험편에서 관측되는 강도저하 현상은 CSA 그립을 사용한 시험체에 비하여 약 10% 미만인 것으로 관측되었다. 한편, CSA 그립은 제작공정이 까다로울 뿐만 아니라 재사용이 불가능하여 경제성 측면에서도 불리한 것으로 파악되었다. 따라서, 실용적인 측면에서 판단하면 GFRF 보강근의 인장시험에는 ASTM 그립이 적절할 것으로 판단된다.