• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.231-236
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• 1996

In our previous study (Kim et al, 1991), GLUT 4 protein content correlated negatively with plasma glucose levels in skeletal muscles of STZ-induced diabetic rats. Thus, in this study, to confirm whether expression of GLUT 4 correlate negatively with degree of hyperglycemia, we measured levels of GLUT 4 mRNA in red and white gastrocnemius muscles in STZ-induced mild and severe diabetic rats. Rats were randomly assigned to control, mild, and severe diabetic groups, and the diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal administration of STZ. The experiment was carried out 10 days after STZ administration. Gastrocnemius red and white muscles were used fur the measurement of GLUT 4 expression. Plasma glucose levels of mild and severe diabetic rats were increased compared to control rats (control, mild, and severe diabetes; $6.4{\pm}0.32,\;9.4{\pm}0.68,\;and\;22.0{\pm}0.58$ mmol/L, respectively). Plasma insulin levels of mild and severe diabetic rats were decreased compared to control rats (control, mild, and severe diabetes; $198{\pm}37,\;l14{\pm}14,\;and\;90{\pm}15$ pmol/L, respectively). GLUT 4 mRNA levels of gastrocnemius red muscles in mild and severe diabetic rats were decreased compared to control rats ($64{\pm}1.2%\;and\;71{\pm}2.0%$ of control, respectively), but GLUT 4 mRNA levels in gastrocnemius white muscles were unaltered in diabetic rats. In summary, GLUT 4 mRNA levels were decreased in STZ-induced diabetic rats but did not correlated negatively with degree of hyperglycemia, and this result suggest that the regulatory mechanisms of decreased GLUT 4 mRNA levels are hypoinsulinemia and/or other metabolic factor but not hyperglycemia. And regulation of GLUT 4 expression in STZ-induced diabetes between red and white enriched skeletal muscles may be related to a fiber specific gene regulatory mechanism.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.127-135
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• 2020

Small RNAs (sRNAs) are widespread and play major roles in regulation circuits in bacteria. Previously, we have demonstrated that transcription of esrE is under the control of its own promoter. However, the regulatory elements involved in EsrE sRNA expression are still unknown. In this study, we found that different cis-regulatory elements exist in the promoter region of esrE. We then screened and analyzed seven potential corresponding trans-regulatory elements by using pull-down assays based on DNA affinity chromatography. Among these candidate regulators, we investigated the relationship between the ferric uptake regulator (Fur) and the EsrE sRNA. Electrophoresis mobility shift assays (EMSAs) and β-galactosidase activity assays demonstrated that Fur can bind to the promoter region of esrE, and positively regulate EsrE sRNA expression in the presence of Fe²⁺.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.207-224
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• 2005

The objective of this study was to explore the principles of SUPAC-SS and its regulatory application in handling postapproval changes to nonsterile semisolid dosage forms. The types of postapproval changes that SUPAC-SS described were modifications in formulation (components and composition), batch size, manufacturing equipment & process, and the site of manufacturing. SUPAC-SS defined the levels of postapproval changes and what chemistry, manufacturing, and control tests should be conducted for each change level. The guidance also specified several occasions the manufacturers should perform in vitro release test (Franz cell diffusion test) and/or in vivo bioequivalence test. Finally, SUPAC-SS classified appropriate filing forms to be used in supporting postapproval changes. It was crystal clear that SUPAC-SS helped maintain the safety and quality of approved semisolid dosage forms when they were subject to certain postapproval changes. The availability of SUPAC-SS made contributions to reducing regulatory burdens of the industry, as well as expediting the postapproval process of regulatory agencies. This study also shed light on the background of relevant pharmaceutical sciences that the SUPAC-SS guidance adopted. Finally, the KFDA and the industry were strongly urged to implant a similar guidance in handling postapproval changes to semisolid dosage forms available in the Korean marketplace.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.204-211
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• 1995

In an effort to develop a new therapeutic strategy for human gene therapy of solid ovarian tumor, we studied the expression of the p53 tumor suppressor Sene as well as regulatory subunits of cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase in human ovarian carcinoma cells. Four cell lines (2774, Caov-3, SK-OV-3 and OVCAR-3) were selected for the analyses. The p53 transcript and protein were detected only in the 2774 cell line by Northern and Western Bnalysis. In the relatively fast growing cell line, SK-OV-3, the %rope 1 a regulstorv subunit (RIA of CAMP-dependent protein kinase was the highest among the four cell lines. The expression level of $RII\beta$ protein was low in the four cell lines examined. These results maw point to a direction to select the target gene(sl to be employed for gene therapy to control the ovarian cancer.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.517-524
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• 2017

Cyber security is an important issue in the field of nuclear engineering because nuclear facilities use digital equipment and digital systems that can lead to serious hazards in the event of an accident. Regulatory agencies worldwide have announced guidelines for cyber security related to nuclear issues, including U.S. NRC Regulatory Guide 5.71. It is important to evaluate cyber security risk in accordance with these regulatory guides. In this study, we propose a cyber security risk evaluation model for nuclear instrumentation and control systems using a Bayesian network and event trees. As it is difficult to perform penetration tests on the systems, the evaluation model can inform research on cyber threats to cyber security systems for nuclear facilities through the use of prior and posterior information and backpropagation calculations. Furthermore, we suggest a methodology for the application of analytical results from the Bayesian network model to an event tree model, which is a probabilistic safety assessment method. The proposed method will provide insight into safety and cyber security risks.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.363-369
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• 2009

미란형 구강편평태선과 재발성 아프타성 구내염은 T림프구에 의해 매개되는 염증성 면역질환이다. T림프구에 영향을 주는 다양한 조절 인자들 중 CD28, CD45, CD152, CD154, CD279등의 mRNA가 미란형 구강편평태선 및 재발성 아프타성 구내염 환자들의 비자극성 전타액내에서 어떻게 발현되는지를 살펴보고, 이것의 진단학적 가치를 평가하고자 한다. 미란형 구강편평태선으로 진단받은 환자군 18명, 재발성 아프타성 구내염으로 진단받은 환자군 12명, 정상군 8명에게서 비자극성 전타액을 10분간 채득한 후, 상피세포를 분리하여 mRNA를 추출하였다. Real time PCR을 이용하여 각 군의 T림프구 조절 인자들의 mRNA 발현 양상을 비교분석하였다. 미란형 구강편평태선의 T림프구 조절인자들의 mRNA 발현 양상은 정상인과 비교 결과, CD45, CD279는 높게 측정되었고, CD154는 낮게 측정되었다. 재발성 아프타성 구내염 환자들의 T림프구 조절인자들의 mRNA 발현 양상은 정상인과 비교 결과, CD45, CD279는 높게 발현되었고, CD28, CD154는 낮게 발현되었다. 부가적으로 미란형 구강편평태선 환자군의 타액내 CD152의 발현 양상은 재발성 아프타성 구내염 환자군보다 높게 발현되었다. 미란형 구강편평태선과 재발성 아프타성 구내염 환자들의 비자극성 전타액내 T림프구 조절인자들의 mRNA 발현 양상은 각 질환의 진단에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
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• 제2권12호
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• pp.561-568
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• 2013

원전 계측제어계통의 제어기기에 대한 사이버공격은 원자로 정지 또는 방사선 누출 등의 심각한 재앙을 유발할 가능성이 있다. 그러므로 원전 규제기관 및 산업표준의 요건에 따라 심층방호 특성을 고려한 사이버보안 대책설계가 원전 계측제어계통 설계에 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 사이버공격에 대한 원전 계측제어계통의 심층방호 대처 설계시 필수적으로 요구되는 단방향통신 구조를 구현하기 위한 설계방법을 제안한다. 제안한 단방향 통신 구조 구현방법은 통신보드 내에 구현되었다. 단방향 통신을 지원하는 통신보드는 시험을 통하여 심층방호 설계에 필요한 단방향 통신 구조를 제공하며, 사이버공격에 강인한 특성을 갖는 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 사이버공격에 대비한 심층방호 대처 설계 및 단방향 통신을 지원하는 통신구조는 일체형원자로(SMART) 계측제어계통 설계에 적용되었다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the regulatory systems for laboratory safety and health management between Korea and Germany and discuss the implications. Methods: Laboratory safety and health regulations for legal enforcement and relevant technical guidelines in Korea and Germany were reviewed. Results: Lab safety and health management is enforced by the Act on the Establishment of Safe Laboratory Environment in Korea. Most provisions focus on supervisory control, that is, the principal's liability is emphasized. In addition, there is a lack of laboratory-specific procedures for safety and health management in the act since it is stipulated that other relevant regulations apply to some technical contents. Non-compulsory technical guidelines for lab safety and health management are also provided by the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA) in order to enable researchers to follow safe procedures. There is no independent regulation for lab safety and health in Germany, and it is also governed by several regulations. The German Social Accident Insurance Institute provides technical guidelines on lab safety and health, and these contain more specific content to allow them to be followed more easily compared to the KOSHA guidelines. The most remarkable differences between the regulation of each country were contents of the risk assessment and specific protect measures from hazardous agents. Conclusions: Regulatory control is an essential way to prevent accidents, but it is more important to create an environment in which all stakeholders, including individual lab members, are allowed to participate actively in safety and health management activities.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2019

본 연구는 예비유아교사를 대상으로 학업적 자기효능감과 회복 탄력성이 교직전문성 인식에 미치는 영향을 살펴봄으로써, 교직전문성을 높이기 위한 실천적 함의를 제공하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 예비유아교사 313명에 대한 설문조사자료를 토대로 SPSS Win 프로그램을 이용하여 다변량분산분석과 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 자기조절 효능감은 학년과 보육실습유무에 따라 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 둘째, 통제성과 사회성, 긍정성은 학년과 보육실습유무에 따라 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 셋째, 교직 전문성 인식은 학년, 보육실습유무에 따라 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 넷째, 자기조절 효능감과 과제 난이도 선호는 교직 전문성 인식에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 즉 자기조절 효능감과 과제 난이도 선호가 높을수록 교직 전문성 인식이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로, 긍정성과 통제성도 교직 전문성 인식에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 즉 긍정성과 통제성이 높을수록 교직 전문성 인식이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 본 연구는 예비유아교사들의 교직 전문성 인식을 높이기 위한 방법으로 자기조절 효능감과 과제 난이도, 긍정성과 통제성을 높이는 것이 필요함을 시사한다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회논문집; 경주코오롱호텔; 22-23 May 1997
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• pp.376-387
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• 1997

One of the main objectives of noise control act is to define and ensure application and respect of noise exposure limits. Most European countries have prepared a legal framework for noise limits either by national laws, ordinances or municipal by-laws. This paper presents the current European standards.