• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.36-49
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• 1973

This study was carried out for the objectives to collect the basic informations on the health behaviors of the elementary school children in an urban area in Korea. Seven hundred students were drawn to fill in the designed questionnaire which carries variety of Questions on health re-lated behaviors in general, eating habits, disease history, mental health, and sex education. Questionnaire were filled in by their parents. Major findings are as follows: ① 55.7% had habits of washing the hands before eating whereas 59.8% trashing their hands after toilet. The others had no idea of washing hands before eating and after toilet. ② 26,5% had habits of brushing the teeth twice a day 54.7% only once in the morning, and 2.6% once only in the evening. Thus, the idea of prevention from decayed teeth seems to be lacking among the school children. ③ Bathing habits were also inquired to get 40.3% of bathing more than once a week, 43.1% once every two weeks, and the rest of 16.6% once every one to three months. ④ 41.7% keep the regular bedding time whereas 58.3% irregular. Physical exercises were con-ducted by 76.6% on the ground while 23.5% did not practice any physical exercises at all. Of those physical exercises, rope skipping occupied 37.5%, and the other 66.9% consisted of 14 different kinds of individual type physical exercises such as gymnastic exercise. The main reasons for not enjoying exercises were different by sex; boys largely complained the inadequacy and lack of gymnastic facilities and girls felt in short of friends who could join the exercises. ⑤ 31.9% of the school children had been taking not much of food while 28.3% had unbalanced diets. Of these unbalanced diets, meat occupied 33.2% to be the priority to have an order of the following items such as vegetables, bread or noodle, and fishes as next to each. For eating habits, 88.5% take simple snack such as bread (38.4%, cookies, fruits, and candies in order. 25.8% of the children were provided such snacks or their parents regularly. Breakfast was sufficiently taken by 45.0% whereas 8.4% had never sufficiently. As to the lunch, 63.6% had sufficiently while 16.8% insufficiently. 70.6% take breakfast with all family members together and 30.4% separately. Correlation of sufficient taking of breakfast and eating together of tile family member's seems to be significant when we compare 72.5% of sufficient takers who enjoy breakfast together with the family members with 55.6% of insufficient takers who enjoy it with the family. This finding allows the investigator to point out the importance of table circumstances for children's eating. ⑥ The most common disease was catching a cold (38.8%), and the second was stomach trouble to be followed by the frequency of car sickness, headache, and skin infection. Doctors are consulted only by 23.9% when they are sick whereas 59.7% resorted to the drug stores. The lower the educational attainment of the parents, the lower the rate of visiting clinics. ⑦ 36.7% of their parents pointed out the problems of personality guidance as the most difficult thing at home 71.3% of their parents worried about and unsatisfied with their children's personality traits. Of these complains of the parents, impatience stood at the top to be tabulated at 24.1%, and 21.1% indicated narrow-mindedness. In line with this primary socialization at home, the most crucial problem seems to be related with the lack or recognition of the parents'own role when we find only 43.1% of the parents understood the importance of their own role for the home education of children; the latter group attributed tile responsibility of personality formation to the children themselves. ⑧ As to the sex educational aspects, 30.9% of children have ever asked about the physiology of reproduction or sexual matters to their parents, of those parents only 17.0% could give the constructive responses to the inquiries of the children. In companies on with these data, 25.6% recognized their own role in sex education for their own children while the large segments of the parents (51.1%) attributed the responsibility of sex education to tile low level of 38.3% who recognized the importance of sex education in the school curriculum and 25.1% of the parents insisted to wait until they get to know naturally about sex. 38.1% of the parents said they had some knowledge on sex from books while 16.9% through mass media. The next groups had common senses of sex from their own parents, school friends and other sources.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.12
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• pp.1491-1496
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• 2002

Purpose : This study was performed to investigate the level of obesity awareness and to help to prevent and to treat obesity by examining the relationship between knowledge of obesity and life style. Methods : Of the students who were surveyed, 1514 answered seriously and were accepted as subjects for the study. The questionaire was anonymous and was filled in by the students themselves. Body mass index was used to compare and analyze the subjects according to gender and age, with 85 percentiles or lower as group one, 86-94 percentiles as group two, and 95 percentiles or higher as group three. Results : Among the boys, level of obesity-awareness was significantly higher(P<0.01) in the obese group than in the normal-weight group. Among the girls, there was no difference in the level of obesity-awareness among the groups(P=0.332). The knowledge of obesity between the groups was not significantly different in either boys or girls. As for the relationship between healthy eating habits and knowledge of obesity, there were no significant differences in either boys or girls. There was no significant difference between the habit of regular exercise and the knowledge level of obesity in either boys or girls. Conclusion : Although this was a localized study and the students were aware of the seriousness of obesity to a certain extent, there was no difference in knowledge of obesity between normal-weight students and obese students. Also, there was no relationship between knowledge of obesity and healthy eating habits or the presence/absence of regular exercises.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.482-491
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• 2002

This study was to evaluate health management and life habits of the urban salaried workers. The results showed the followings: There were more men than women who thought their health good (p<0.01). Stomach disease was the highest in the subjects, and the second was liver disease (p<0.001). Of respondents, 10% always exercised in the morning, 26% often, and 63% never. Men took exercise more regularly than women (p<0.001). The kinds of exercises were walk (33%), jogging (25%), physical training (14%), golf (6.4%), rope jumping, and tennis. Men ate healthy drug more than womon. Most of men thought that sports were the best for health management. Women considered that baying regular habits was the best for control of her health. The smoking rate of respondents was 41%, and the rate in Chinju showed higher than the other area (p<0.001). Man smokers were more than women (p<0.001). Drinking rate of respondents was 78%. Men enjoyed soju, while women liked beer (p<0.001)

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.65-84
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• 2007

In this study, the researcher tried to present the groundwork to prepare the oriental medical yangseng plan for the future obesity with the comparison between yangseng level and the obesity of workers. The researcher made up the questionnaire which asks the general character, health-related character and yangseng level, projected among 560 people. All collected material was analyzed by SPSS and tested by T-test and ANOVA. 1. The general yangseng level average is 3.27, morality yangseng 3.90, sleep yangseng 3.39, mind yangseng 3.31, sex life yangseng 3.30, exercise yangseng 3.15, activities and rest yangseng 3.08, diet yangseng 2.94, seasonal yangseng 2.84. The highest is morality yangseng and seasonal yangseng is the lowest. 2. In the aspect of yangseng level: Having a spouse, Non-smoking, Regular exercising, Sufficient sleeping have higher yangseng levels. 3. Obesity related index is changing into the higher level when he/she is older, more paid, more job experience, more education background but less metabolic calory. And drinking and regular exercising have relativity with body composition analysis. 4. After comparing yangseng level with body composition analysis, we can easily find that the more visceral fat, the higher WHR has a high yangseng level. The more mineral also has a high mind yangseng and a low diet yangseng. The visceral fat level has a high yangseng level when higher morality yangseng and mind yangseng are getting higher and higher. And sex life yangseng shows that the highest yangseng level is from 9-10 visceral fat and the lowest yangseng level is from below 4 visceral fat. The higher WHR, the higher morality, mind and sleep yangseng. The heavier, the lower diet yangseng. The mind yangseng was very high when body fat rate was higher. The more body fat, the higher morality yangseng. The higher yangseng, when we have more muscle. Yangseng level and obesity of laborer has a close relationship with individual character and daily habits. Also, relevance can be easily found between yangseng level and obesity. Now the researcher came into the conclusion that we need to control over laborers' health and prevention of their obesity.

• Journal of Korean Medical Ki-Gong Academy
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.46-73
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• 2007

In this study, the researcher tried to present the groundwork to prepare the oriental medical yangseng plan for the future obesity with the comparison between yangseng level and the obesity of workers. The researcher made up the questionnaire which asks the general character, health-related character and yangseng level, projected among 560 people. All collected material was analyzed by SPSS and tested by T-test and ANOVA. 1. The general yangseng level average is 3.27, morality yangseng 3.90, sleep yangseng 3.39, mind yangseng 3.31, sex life yangseng 3.30, exercise yangseng 3.15, activities and rest yangseng 3.08, diet yangseng 2.94, seasonal yangseng 2.84. The highest is morality yangseng and seasonal yangseng is the lowest. 2. In the aspect of yangseng level: Having a spouse, Non-smoking, Regular exercising, Sufficient sleeping have higher yangseng levels. 3. Obesity related index is changing into the higher level when he/she is older, more paid, more job experience, more education background but less metabolic calory. And drinking and regular exercising have relativity with body composition analysis. 4. After comparing yangseng level with body composition analysis, we can easily find that the more visceral fat, the higher WHR has a high yangseng level. The more mineral also has a high mind yangseng and a low diet yangseng. The visceral fat level has a high yangseng level when higher morality yangseng and mind yangseng are getting higher and higher. And sex life yangseng shows that the highest yangseng level is from 9-10 visceral fat and the lowest yangseng level is from below 4 visceral fat. The higher WHR, the higher morality, mind and sleep yangseng. The heavier, the lower diet yangseng. The mind yangseng was very high when body fat rate was higher. The more body fat, the higher morality yangseng. The higher yangseng, when we have more muscle. Yangseng level and obesity of laborer has a close relationship with individual character and daily habits. Also, relevance can be easily found between yangseng level and obesity. Now the researcher came into the conclusion that we need to control over laborers' health and prevention of their obesity.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.3487-3493
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• 2009

The degree of depression of dental hygienist was analyzed to reveal the various factors related to them. The self-administered between June 1st, and 30st, 2009, questionnaires were filled out from 221 dental hygienist in D City. 1.The distribution for depression degree has shown the rate as 79.1% in normal range group, 15.4% in mild depression group, 4.1% in moderate depression group and 1.4% in severe depression group, 2.As for depression, junior college, lower salary, poor sense satisfaction in work, not fit to the job, low personal relation with peer works or supervisors, poor subjective condition of health, without regular eating habits, without alcohol drinking, without regular exercise, in the group with higher level of job demand, lower job autonomy and lower supervisor support than their respective counterparts. 3.Concerning correlation between depression and various factors, while level of depression correlated with was negatively sense satisfaction, fit to the job, personal relation with peer works or supervisors, subjective condition of health, spervisor support, coworker support, it was positively correlated with job demand. Resulting from these results, in order to resolve depression properly, implementation and maintenance of program should be renewed to improve various kinds of factors.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.41-50
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to identify the value of the liberal arts physical education class that contribute to the future wellness life. For this study, the records of the participants in the study were analyzed in nine participants who participated in the liberal arts physical education class of Seoul * University in 2019 during the first semester. The results of this study are as follows. First, students' interest in health increased through the liberal arts physical education class, and students set their life expectancy and confirmed diseases that are obstacles to living happily. And they became aware of the importance of health. Second, students' interest in health increased and they performed behaviors for health. Students reflected on their current life, reflected on bad lifestyles, and confirmed the importance of regular exercise and desirable eating for health. Third, students experienced positive changes in life by performing life movement and healthy life. Students performed regular exercises for health, improved eating habits, and practiced healthy lifestyles. By practicing these actions, these students laid the foundation for future wellness life. In the end, students have laid the foundation for healthy and happy life through the liberal arts physical education class. Therefore, it is thought that the liberal arts physical education class needs to be more activated in order to pursue wellness life for future health and happiness.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.547-559
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• 2021

Purpose: This study compares the snacking pattern, diet, lifestyle, and food preference of children by evaluating the most frequently eaten snacks. Methods: The survey enrolled 435 students from three elementary schools in Gyeonggi. Based on the most frequently eaten snacks, the subjects were divided into 3 groups: fruits and milk/dairy products for natural snacks (NS, n = 114); noodles, snack foods and fast foods for meal-like snacks (MS, n = 74); cookies, beverages and bread as sweet snacks (SS, n = 247). Results: Compared to the MS group, preferences of the NS group were significantly higher for jabgokbap (cooked rice with multi-grains, p < 0.05) and saengchae (seasoned raw vegetables, p < 0.01), and significantly lower for gogitwigim (deep-fried meat, p < 0.05). Taste preference of the NS group was considered to be more desirable; the taste preference of more subjects was 'sweet taste' in the SS group, 'spicy taste' in the MS group, 'salty taste' in the MS and SS groups, and 'sour taste' and 'bland taste' in the NS group than the other groups. Compared to the MS and SS groups, the NS group was determined to exercise more frequently; exercising for more than 30 minutes/day was determined to be 76.3% in the NS group and 58.1% and 57.9% in the other groups (p < 0.01). Moreover, a higher proportion of subjects in the MS group tended to answer 'not hungry' as the reason for leaving school meals, as compared to other groups (p = 0.055), thereby suggesting that inappropriate snacking habits interfere with regular meals. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that healthy snacking habits, which include natural snacks such as milk/dairy products and fruits, are important for children during the elementary school years, since these habits are associated with healthier diet, lifestyle, and food and taste preferences. These results provide basic information for developing nutritional education materials for elementary school children.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.51-63
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• 1997

Changes in disease patterns increase the importance of health-promoting lifestyles in a healthy society. Thus health education in elementary schools is very important because the knowledge of health and health habits in this period become a habitual part of life. The purpose of this study is to identify the performance in promoting healthy lifestyles of elementary school nurses. Such data helps to provide data to judge whether they are capable health educators or not. The subjects were 365 elementary school nurses selected by purposive sample. The data were collected by a self reporting questionnaire from August to October of 1996. The methods used in this study were the health-promoting lifestyle profile developed by Park In Sook (1995) and Licker's flour-point scale. A Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, percentage, mean, standard deviation, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coffcient and stepwise multiple regression in the SAS package were used to analyze the data. The results of this study were as follows: 1. 37.7% of the sample were aged between 30 and 39 and 33.7% were between 40 and 49. 44.9% of the sample had attended college. 87.7% of the sample were married. 42.5% of the sample were people with a career of 11~20 years, and 26.0% of it had 21 years or more of working experience as an elementary school nurses. 2. The average scores of the family function and the social support were 2.97 and 2.98 respectively. 3. 86.5% of the sample were satisfied with their job. 4. 85.8% of the sample answered that they were healthy and 14.2% answered that they were unhealthy. The average scores of the internal health locus of control and self-esteem were 3.35 and 3.15 respectively. 5. The average score of performance in health-promoting lifestyle variables was 3.16; the average scores for harmonious relationships, regular diet professional health maintenance, sanitary life, self-control, emotional support, diet, rest and sleep, exercise and activity. self-achievement, and diet control were 3.47, 3.30, 2.52. 3.60, 2.92, 3.18, 3.14, 3.11, 2.96, 3.26 and 3.12. The variable with the highest degree of correlation was a sanitary life, whereas the one with the lowest degree was professional health maintenance. 6. A significant difference was found in self-esteem according to age. There was a significant difference in the average score of internal health locus of control according to age and career. 7. There were significant differences in the health-promoting lifestyle performance depending on age, career and monthly household income. The longer the career, the higher the health-promoting lifestyle performance. 8. A weak positive correlation was found between self-esteem and health-promoting lifestyles performance(r=0.417, p<0.001) Also, a weak positive correlation was found between the internal health locus of control and health-promoting lifestyles performance (r=0.386, p<0.001). 9. Heath-promoting lifestyle performance showed significant correlations with family function, social support and job satisfaction. 10. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the most powerful predictor was the variance of family function. Social support, age, self-esteem, internal health locus of control, perceived heath status and job satisfaction accounted for 55.9% of the variance in heath-promoting lifestyle performance.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.117-130
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• 2009

This study was attempted to suggest fundamental data to take health care plan in terms of oriental medicine by evaluating the health-related quality of life according to the Sasang constitutional medicine (SCM) of factory workers. General characteristics, living habits, and health-related quality of life were investigated through self-administration questionnaire in the course of oriental health examination for 1,870 male workers at a manufacturing company located in the Jeollabuk-do region, and the Sasang constitution of each worker was identified and analyzed through questionnaires and oriental doctor's medical examination. For Sasang constitutional medicine, So-eum person(少陰人) was found to be the most, and then So-yang preson(少陽人), Tai-eum preson(太陰人), and Tai-yang preson(太陽人) in order; for lifestyle, smokers were most found in So-yang person workers, non-smokers in Tai-yang person workers, drinkers in Tai-yang person workers, and non-drinkers in So-eum person workers. For the general health score by the Sasang constitutions, Tai-yang person workers were found to be 42.73 in general health area, Tai-eum preson workers 41.69, So-yang person workers 40.87, and So-eum person workers 40.42; in the vitality area, Tai-eum person workers were found to be 45.14, So-yang person workers 44.16, So-eum person workers 43.02, and Tai-yang person workers 41.34. Specially, it was found that regular exercise improved physical health factors, drinking adversely affected mental health factors, and the mental health factors of Tai-eum person workers who have regularly exercised showed the highest values, while those of Tai-yang person workers who have not exercised showed the lowest values. There was difference in lifestyle by Sasang constitutions, and accordingly, the quality of life might be different Therefore it is deemed that health care plan is required to be taken by Sasang constitutions and lifestyle for health promotion and care of blue-collar workers in the future.