• 한국연초학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2007

This study was implemented to examine the effect of tobacco on operation of a retail store and propose a relevant direction to development of a retail store. In terms of an examination method, the questionnaire was conducted in respect of supermarkets and convenience stores(CVS) around the nation. As a result of analysis based on such questionnaire, although there was a little difference in between a supermarket and a convenience store, a similar result could be found in general. In other words, retailers selling tobacco regarded the tobacco as a medium to solicit customers. Since the significance of tobacco in terms of total sales volume was so high, without the tobacco, they might have suspend the business. Consequently, the effect of tobacco was enormous. In addition, under the premise that many regular customers should be acquired to develop such retail stores, it was found that it would be necessary to increase $15{\sim}20%$ in terms of a margin in tobacco, preserve the profit ratio by the government, make efforts to enhance a quality and design by a tobacco company, actively recommend a particular brand, and actively display a tobacco publicity booklet, etc. Moreover, the proper number of tobacco stores in comparison with habitual smokers was one per 200 persons. In respect of the most unreasonable tobacco policy, a minor-related system and a policy of increasing a tobacco price were named. Thus, under the premise that a medium such as tobacco is highly important with respect to an operation of retail store, it is necessary to pay a more careful attention to an improvement of a reasonable and equitable system to further develop a retail store.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1860-1871
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• 2011

Presently, The Regular Block System(Automatic, Interlocking block system) is usually used during the operation of block section. However, In case that the regular block system fails because of the failure of the fixed signals and block equipment or in case of the unexpected emergent situation which should drive on the single-track due to the accidents in the double-track section or the repair work of the one-track, the Substitute Block System to make use of the driving permission license(mapping ticket, mapping paper) is used. In case of the operation of the opposite line and the temporary one-track, the safety gets worse and the SBS may cause the fatal accidents such as a head-on & a rear-end collision. Also, the unmanned railroad stations has recently increased owing to the effective operation of the stations, for it is difficult to execute the SBS in their absence. As a result, the increase of the operation time made the train delayed. Being on the rise of these problems, in this study, we analyzed the problems and difficulties of the SBS on the single line which is lacking stability and safety and on the sections combined between maned and unmaned railroad stations. And we proposed the method to improve the existing drive permission license used for 50 years into the brand-new one with state-of-the art technology and scientific way. In the era of the 21th century, Carrying out the new SBS equipped with stability and safety, we will contribute to the effective operation of trains and the satisfaction of our customers in the future.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.545-555
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• 2011

Presently, The Regular Block System(Automatic, Interlocking block system) is usually used during the operation of block section. However, In case that the regular block system fails because of the failure of the fixed signals and block equipment or in case of the unexpected emergency which should drive on the single line due to the accidents in the double line section or the repair work of the single line, the Substitute Block System to use the driving permission license(mapping ticket and paper) is used. In case of the operation of the opposite line and the temporary one line, the safety gets worse and the SBS may cause the fatal accidents such as a head-on & a rear-end collision. Also, the unmanned railroad stations has recently increased owing to the effective operation of the stations, for it is difficult to execute the SBS in their absence. As a result, the increase of the operation time made the train delayed. Being on the rise of these problems, in this study, we analyzed the problems and difficulties of the SBS on one line which is lacking stability and safety and on the sections combined between maned and unmaned railroad stations. And we proposed the suitable method in KORAIL referring to the examples of European & Japan railways lately. According to the passing of the high tech time, If the new SBS equipped with stability and safety is executed, it will contribute to the effective operation of trains and the satisfaction of KORAIL customers in the future.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.183-189
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• 2022

COVID-19는 커피산업에도 영향을 주고 있다. 이에 새로운 소비 트렌드인 언택트 소비가 증가하고 있으며 언택트 소비를 대표하는 온라인 채널과 배달 어플리케이션을 활용한 소비가 일상화되고 있다. 커피산업에서도 최소한의 접촉만으로 주문이 가능한 드라이브스루, 스마트오더 시스템을 갖춘 커피전문점의 이용이 증가하고 있다. 그러나 언택트 서비스의 대부분이 프랜차이즈에서 선점하고 있는 반면, 개인 커피전문점에서는 차별화된 서비스로 고객과 소통하며 직접서비스를 제공하는 매장들이 많다. COVID-19 감염의 장기화와 함께 전염병으로부터 자유로울 수 없는 현시대의 커피전문점에서는 배달서비스에 대한 고민을 하지 않을 수 없다. 이에 본 연구는 커피배달 서비스에 영향을 미치는 요소들을 분석하였다. 연구결과 COVID-19의 영향으로 커피배달 서비스와 함께 정기배달 서비스 또한 증가하였다. 커피를 다양한 방법으로 즐기고자 하는 소비자들의 홈 카페 이용 증가로 정기배달 서비스가 커피배달 서비스에 중심적인 역할을 하게 될 것이다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2013

Social commerce has been gaining explosive popularity, with typical examples of the model such as Groupon and Level Up. Both local business owners and consumers can benefit from this new e-commerce model. Local business owners have a chance to access potential customers and promote their products in a way that could not have otherwise been easily possible, and consumers can enjoy discounted offerings. However, questions have been increasingly raised about the value and future of the social commerce model. A recent survey shows that about a third of 324 business owners who ran a daily-deal promotion in Groupon went behind. Furthermore, more than half of the surveyed merchants did not express enthusiasm about running the promotion again. The same goes for the case in Korea, where more than half of the surveyed clients reported no significant change or even decrease in profits compared to before the use of social commerce model. Why do local business owners fail to exploit the benefits from the promotions and advertisements through the social commerce model and to make profits? Without answering this question, the model would fall under suspicion and even its sustainability might be challenged. This study aims to look into problems in the current social commerce transactions and provide implications for the social commerce model, so that the model would get a foothold for next growth. Drawing on justice theory, this study develops theoretical arguments for the effects of transaction characteristics on consumers' distributive justice and purchase intention in the social commerce. Specifically, this study focuses on two characteristics of social commerce transactions-the discount rate and the purchase rate of products-and investigates their effects on consumers' perception of distributive justice for discounted transactions in the social commerce and their perception of distributive justice for regular-priced transactions. This study also examines the relationship between distributive justice and purchase intention. We conducted an online experiment and gathered data from 115 participants to test the hypotheses. Each participant was randomly assigned to one of nine manipulated scenarios of social commerce transactions, which were generated based on the combination of three levels of purchase rate (high, medium, and low) and three levels of discount rate (high, medium, and low). We conducted MANOVA and post-hoc ANOVA to test hypotheses about the relationships between the transaction characteristics (purchase rate and discount rate) and distributive justice for each of the discounted transaction and the regular-priced transaction. We also employed a PLS analysis to test relations between distributive justice and purchase intentions. Analysis results show that a higher discount rate increases distributive justice for the discounted transaction but decreases distributive justice for the regular-priced transaction. This, coupled with the result that distributive justice for each type of transaction has a positive effect on the corresponding purchase intention, implies that a large discount in the social commerce may be helpful for attracting consumers, but harmful to the business after the promotion. However, further examination reveals curvilinear effects of the discount rate on both types of distributive justice. Specifically, we find distributive justice for the discounted transaction increases concavely as the discount rate increases while distributive justice for the regular-priced transaction decreases concavely with the dscount rate. This implies that there exists an appropriate discount rate which could promote the discounted transaction while not hurting future business of regular-priced transactions. Next, the purchase rate is found to be a critical factor that facilitates the regular-priced transaction. It has a convexly positive influence on distributive justice for the transaction. Therefore, an increase of the rate beyond some threshold would lead to a substantial level of distributive justice for the regular-priced transaction, threrby boosting future transactions. This implies that social commerce firms and sellers should employ various non-price stimuli to promote the purchase rate. Finally, we find no significant relationship between the purchase rate and distributive justice for the discounted transaction. Based on the above results, we provide several implications with future research directions.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.93-114
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• 2005

The prenatal care is the preventive medical service to help the pregnant mother deliver the healthy baby. It's regular examines give some chances to check-up the healthy conditions. This thesis concentrates on the CRM system to support an effective prenatal care system and prove the effectiveness of it. As CRM is the adapted management related to the customer's own information, it is important to develop the CRM model classified by the patients characteristics. A general hospital in Busan operated the CRM system to carry out the effective prenatal care and there is an analysis to ensure the effectiveness of CRM system for the pregnant women in our maternity ward. The results can be summarized as follows: 1) According to the comparisons with the CRM system, we can conclude the system is desirable. (1) Maternal Age : In the age distribution, the prenatal visit frequency, triple marker freqency, oral GTT and targeted ultrasonography in the experimental group in 30 to 34 years old is higher on the whole. For over 35 years old group, the higher frequency comes out in the oral GTT and targeted ultrasonography and for 25 to 29 years old group the different figure shows just in the targeted ultrasonography. (2) Area of residence: There is a clear difference in all the items in Busan and near area but no sign of difference in prenatal visits and oral GTT in other residencial area. Especially in the targeted ultrasonography the higher figure shows in the experimental group located in the both areas. The targeted ultrasonography is known as the specific examination which should be examined by the specialists, on the contrary the other examinations can be operated in the small clinic. So the public information and seminars related with ultrasonography increases the check-up frequency. The clinic requests some ultrasonographical examinations to the specialists in general hospital. (3) Parity: The clear difference shows that the CRM system causes the prenatal visit frequency to become higher in experimental group. The figure is 9.7 times and 8.6 times each. This is opposite that the past study said multiparity reduced the average prenatal visits. But the result of CRM is considered as the method to help the multiparity understand the importance of the prenatal care. (4) Obstetrical history: In the experimental group of the spontaneous delivery group, the figure is higher in the prenatal visit frequency, triple marker, oral GTT and targeted ultrasonography but the Caesarean section delivery group has higher figure in targeted ultrasonography. (5) In the first check-up, the rate of targeted ultrasonography in under 16 week pregnancy, in the 16 week pregnancy to 32 week pregnancy and the over 32 week pregnancy in the experimental group is upper than the compared one. For the oral GTT, there is a difference in under 16 week pregnancy but no difference in prenatal visits and triple marker. 2) The analysis of characteristics of prenatal care through the decision tree resulted in the fact that the most important variable is the residential area. After the delivery frequency is following, the obstetrical history and maternal age are in order. It is the same result in the triple marker and oral GTT. Consequently it is the same order of important variables in CRM system. The effectiveness of CRM system is proved in this study. The CRM system is a marketing method to control and lead the customers through the segmentation of customer data. It increases the new customer aquisition, maintenance of loyal customers, augmentation of customers value, activation of potential customers and creation of life time customers. So eventually it can enlarge the customers value. The medical institution should make efforts to establish the data base enforced by the customer's information on the underlying ordinary data system to carry out the CRM system effectively. In addition, it should develop the a variety of marketing strategy in order to set up one to one marketing satisfying the needs of individual patients.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2016

This study aims to contribute to development of women's incontinence panties with anti-aging effect meeting customers' requirements by examining types, sorts, sizes and specifications of women's incontinence panties currently sold in the market. The results of analysis of a total of 22 commercial products are as follows. 1. Among the samples, 21 incontinence panties were slip on type like regular underwear; only 1 was pad insertion type. With respect to the length of side seam, 17 (77.3%) incontinence panties were above 14 cm which is classified as maxi; the rest of them (5, 22.7%) were 7~11 cm which is classified as middy. 2. With respect to size, the percentage of Size 3 was 40.9% showing the largest, followed by Size 4 (31.8%), Size 2 (18.2%), Size 5 (9.1%). To produce the incontinence panties considering various ages and body shapes, it is recommended to select above Size 4 as a minimum. 3. With respect to materials of the incontinence panties, natural fibers such as cotton or rayon were mostly used and a polyurethane, nylon or polyester was mixed to enhance the wearing sensation and stretchability of the panties. Finally, for structure of the crotch area, single knit was the largest (9, 40.9%), terry weave 7 (31.8%), sofe pile weave 4 (18.2%), and waffle weave or diamond weave 2.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.93-104
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• 2007

We consider a supply chain where products are shipped to warehouse from manufacturing system to customers. Products are supplied from either in-house regular manufacturing or the secondary source such as subcontractor. The inventory in warehouse is controlled by base-stock policy, that is, whenever a demand arrives from customer, an order is released to the manufacturing system. Unsatisfied demand is backlogged. The manufacturing system is modeled as M/M/s+1/c queueing system, and the orders exceeding the given limit care blocked and lost. The steady state distribution of the outstanding orders and the throughput of the manufacturing system are functions of the level of engagement In the secondary source. There is a profit obtained from throughput and cost not only due to the engagement of the secondary source in the manufacturing system but also inventory positions. We want to maximize the total production profit minus the total cost of the production system by simultaneously determining the optimal level of engagement of the secondary source and the optimal base-stock level of the inventory. We develop two algorithms : one without guarantee of the optimal solution but with the small number of computations, the other optimal but with more computations.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.57-67
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• 2009

Under the supply-oriented policy, efficiency and rationale have not been fully considered in planning of water supply facilities in Korea. As a case, this study shows that large-size systems are suffering from overcapacity problem of water treatment plants, and thus discusses what options should be applied to deal with inefficiency. Water demand of large-size systems has suddenly decreased for the last 10 years while water demand has been often assumed to increase at a regular rate in planning of plants according to excess capacity hypothesis. This inconsistency led to a serious overcapacity. In 2006, total excess capacity of nine large-size systems was more than 1.2 times as large as maximum daily demand of total customers in Seoul. However, their options are expected to stay ex post facto. To prepare the risk of overcapacity, and draw large benefits out of the plants, the authors and other professionals in Korea should further discuss the more adaptive method for prediction of water demand, and systems integration between a large-size system and adjoining systems.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2004년도 ICEIC The International Conference on Electronics Informations and Communications
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• pp.405-409
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• 2004

The Pocket PC has become more popular in market because of the advantages of its small size and convenience for regular customers. Pocket PC is a mobile device so that we can receive the benefits of shared data over a wireless network. Enabling us to transmit data to a central location, simply messaging from one point to the next, its ability to share information across a wireless platform is becoming central to our communication needs. However, using Windows CE - an embedded operating system, as well as being designed for mobile users, there are many limitations to memory and speed of arithmetic operations on Pocket PC. As a result, developers have to deal with many difficulties in managing information storage when developing applications, especially Geography Information System (GIS) applications. In this paper, we propose some efficient methods to store GIS data and to increase the speed of displaying maps in GIS applications developed on Pocket PC and Windows CE 3.0.