• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2015.08a
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• pp.132-132
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• 2015

Virtual metrology (VM) model based on plasma information (PI) parameter for C4F8 plasma-assisted oxide etching processes is developed to predict and monitor the process results such as an etching rate with improved performance. To apply fault detection and classification (FDC) or advanced process control (APC) models on to the real mass production lines efficiently, high performance VM model is certainly required and principal component regression (PCR) is preferred technique for VM modeling despite this method requires many number of data set to obtain statistically guaranteed accuracy. In this study, as an effective method to include the 'good information' representing parameter into the VM model, PI parameters are introduced and applied for the etch rate prediction. By the adoption of PI parameters of b-, q-factors and surface passivation parameters as PCs into the PCR based VM model, information about the reactions in the plasma volume, surface, and sheath regions can be efficiently included into the VM model; thus, the performance of VM is secured even for insufficient data set provided cases. For mass production data of 350 wafers, developed PI based VM (PI-VM) model was satisfied required prediction accuracy of industry in C4F8 plasma-assisted oxide etching process.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1985

The plastochron index (PI) provides possibility on studies of the effects of various environmental factors on morphological and physiological development of plants. The PI of Erickson and Michemlini(1957) could be used merely when leaf n is longer an leaf n+1 is smaller than the references length at any time. If both the lengths of leaf n and n+1 are smaller or longer than the reference length, it could not estimated. In this study, the PI of Erickson and Michelini was complemented and the linear patterns according to leaf arrangement was represented, PI is n-(lnLR-lnLn)/(lnLn-lnLn+1). And when both the lengths of leaf n and n+1 are longer than the length of reference, PI is n+1+(ln Ln+1-lnLR)/(lnLn-lnLn+1). The linear model of PI is changed by the various environmental factors and the linear patterns are different according to leaf arrangement. According to leaf arrangement, the equation of the general regression lines is Yin-(i-j)=a-(n-1)(q1+...+qi-1)-(q1+...+qj-1)+rt+$\varepsilon$. Where Y:the logarithmic of the leaf length in question, i:leaf number hang on the one node, n:the number counting from base, q:spacing on the Y-axis, j:0, 1, 2, ..., r:slope, t:time, $\varepsilon$:error.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.463-474
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• 1997

Metallic elements in dustfall have been known as notable air pollutants directly or indirectly influencing human health and wealth. The first aim of this study was to obtain precise spatial distribution patterns of 5 elements (Pb, Zn, K, Cr, and Al) in dustfall around Suwon area. To predict isometric lines of metal fluxes deposited on unsupervised random sites, the study has applied both spatial statistics as a receptor model and a GIS (geographic information system). Total of 31 sampling sites were selected in the study area (roughly 3 by 3 km grid basis) and dustfall samples were then collected monthly basis by the British deposit gauges from Dec., 1995 to Nov., 1996. The metallic elements in the dustfall were then analyzed by an atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). On the other hand, a base map overlapped by 7 layers was constructed by using the AutoCAD R13 and ARC/INFO 3.4D. Four different spatial interpolation and expolation techniques such as IDW (inverse distance weighted averaging), TIN (triangulated irregular network), polynomial regression, and kriging technique were examined to compare spatial distribution patterns. Each pattern obtained by each technique was substantally different as varing pollutant types, land of use types, and topological conditions, etc. Thus, our study focused intensively on uncertainty analysis based on a concept of the jackknife and the sum of error distance. It was found that a kriging technique was the best applicalbe in this study area.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.595-604
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for pediatric inpatients falls. Methods: The study was a matched case-control design. The participants were 279 patients under the age of 6 who were admitted between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2009. Through chart reviews, 93 pediatric patients who fell and 186 ones who did not fall were paired by gender, age, diagnosis, and length of stay. Five experts evaluated the 38 fall risk factors selected by the researchers. Results: In a general hospital, pediatric patients with secondary diagnosis, tests that need the patient to be moved, intravenous lines, hyperactivity, anxiolytics, sedatives and hypnotics, and general anesthetics showed significance for falls on adjusted-odds ratios. Conditional logistic regression analysis was performed to elucidate the factors that influence pediatric inpatient falls. The probability of falls increased with hyperactivity and general weakness. Patients who didn't have tests that required them to be moved and intravenous line had a higher risk of falls. Conclusion: These findings provide information that is relevant in developing fall risk assessment tools and prevention programs for pediatric inpatient falls.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.285-289
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• 2011

Muscle fatigue is characterized as a progressive increase in discomfort arising from the active muscle at moderate load levels are maintained. The median frequency is the most commonly used as a parameter to describe muscle fatigue. However, the estimate of the median frequency is difficult to indicate muscle fatigue because of its high standard deviation and instability. This paper investigates the power changes of the appropriate low frequency band as a fatigue parameter in EMG during isotonic exercise. To select the appropriate band, linear regression lines are employed to calculate the slopes and the coefficient of determination. Three females and seven males volunteered to participate in surface EMG recordings placed on the biceps brachii and each recording experiment continued until their exhaustion. The results of experiment shows that the power changes of the selected low frequency band (15~45 Hz) have linear slopes and high determinant coefficients. Therefore, this fatiguing parameter using the power changes of the low frequency band is valid to measure the state of muscular fatigue.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.229-234
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• 2006

On May 31, 2003. Landsat 7 experienced an anomaly causing the Scan Line Corrector(SLC) to stop functioning normally. The SLC-off causes individual scan lines to alternately overlap and then leave large gaps at the edge of the Image. A many scientists with ongoing experience using ETM+ data evaluated the scientific usability and validity of Landsat 7 products containing the SLC anomaly The best reference scene for gap-filling is the other SLC-on Landsat scene that provide same resolution, few changes, and similar data acquisition. But receiving of Landsat imagery is not stable in Korea. So SPOT image can be another alternative solution because it is a steady-state multispectral satellite image as Landsat image. In this study, we filled the SLC-off gap s of 2, 3, 4 bands using SPOT image by a local regression technique, and assigned the optimum spectral value to gaps of 1, 5, 7 bands based on a spectral adjacency. Through this process, we could restore Landsat SLC-off image and evaluated the accuracy of the results.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.178-186
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• 2000

Echocardiography was performed on 29 normal Korea Jin-do dogs(21 adults and 8 prematures) and the images were taken from chordae tendineae level short-axis view, left ventricular outflow tract long-axis view and 4-chamber long-axis view, respectively. The following cardiac parameters, in systole and diastole, were measured on the echoocardographic images: aortic dimension(AO), left atrial dimension(LA), left ventricular internal dimention at end-diastole (LVIDd), left ventricular internal dimention at end-systole(LVIDs), interventricular septal wall thickness at end-diastole(IVSd), interventricular septal wall thickness at end-systole(IVSs), left ventricular wall at end-diastole(LVWd), left ventricular wall at end-systole(LVWs). The cardiac parameters were not significantly different between sex and among imaging planes. The size of cardiac parameters increaed as regression lines according to body weights. These results suggest that the chordae tendineae level short-axis view, left ventricular outflow tract long-axis view and 4-chamber long-axis view can be utilized for the left cardiac examination, and these cardiac parameters can be used to basic dat for diagnosing the cardiac diseases in Korea Jin-do dog.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.517-528
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• 1985

Pulmonary function studies today are generally accepted as an integral part of the evaluation of poor-risk patients who are to have pulmonary surgery. The effect of various pulmonary surgery on lung function was investigated in 54 patients in whom comprehensive lung function test were performed before and between 2 months and 14 months after operation at the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital. According to the result of analysis, the effect of pulmonary resection on forced flow rate was keeping with the change of lung volume, and the preoperative level of ventilatory function plays a major role in determining postoperative loss of functioning lung. Although all measures of expiratory flow [FVC, FEV1, FEFO.2-1.2, MEF50, FEF25-75] have the same percentage of reproducibility, but FEV1 shows most sensitive, reliable linear correlation with the functioning pulmonary tissue loss than other parameters. The linear regression lines derived from the correlation between preoperative [X] and postoperative [Y] FEV1 on various surgical procedures were as follows: 1. Y = 0.57X 0.03. in pneumonectomy group of lung cancer[r=0.84]. 2. Y = 0.56X + 0.33. in lobectomy group of lung cancer[r=0.79]. 3. Y = 0.69X + 0.25. in lobectomy group of pulmonary infection[r=0.91].

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.15-18
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• 1981

The author had selected the roots and root-canal as measurable parts and sought the area ratio by measuring the respective areas of the root. Further, heplotted out a root caual index and studied the correlation with age. The teeth used as reserch material were permanent maxillary central incisors of Korean female. Some 296 teeth of known age were selected on condition that there is no caries or filling material and that they were not malformed in showing normal signs in roentgenograms. The $3" {\times} 4"$ printing paper so as to measure easily. On the ocassion of measureing the area of measured parts with a planimeter (Koizumi, type kp-27, Japan), the cervical lines were joined up into a straight line on a photograph (Figure 1) Root canal index = Area of the root / Area of the root canal The results of the root canal index in Korean female age groups were as follows : 1. The root canal index of maxilary central incisor in women was 4.74 im 20 years of age, 5.44 in 30, 5.90 in 40, 6.32 in 50, 6.63 in 60 in the order. 2. Root canal index and age were in positive correlation ; there was a tendency that the root canal index increase as age advances. 3. The regression equation was as follows : Y = 5.36x + 7.71 (r = 0.54, n= 296 ) (Y = estimated age, x = root canal index)

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 2009

In vitro cytotoxicity of 23 alkyl phenols (APs) on human cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa) was determined using the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assay. Two different sets of descriptors were used to construct the calibration model based on Genetic Algorithm-Multiple Linear Regression (GA-MLR) based on the experimental data. A statistically robust Structure-Activity Relationships (QSAR) model was achieved ($R^2$=95.05%, $Q^2_{LOO}$=91.23%, F=72.02 and SE= 0.046) using three Dragon descriptors based on Me (0D-Constitutional descriptor), BELp8 (2D-Burden eigenvalue descriptor) and HATS8p (3D-GETAWAY descriptor). However, external validation could not fully prove its validity of the selected QSAR in characterization of the cytotoxicity of APs towards HeLa cells. Nevertheless, the cytotoxicity profiles showed a finding that 4-n-octylphenol (4-NOP), 4-tert-octyl-phenol (4-TOP), 4-n-nonylphenol (4-NNP) had a more potent cytotoxic effect than other APs tested, inferring that increased length and molecular bulkiness of the substituent had important influence on the LDH cytotoxicity.