• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.899-904
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• 2014

Concurrent chemo-radiation (CRT) has been established as the standard of care for non-metastatic loco-regionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) but recently the addition of induction chemotherapy in the already established regimen has presented an attractive multidisciplinary approach. This retrospective study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of induction chemotherapy (IC) followed by CRT for the management of loco-regionally advanced NPC. Between July 2005 and September 2010, 99 patients were treated with cisplatin based IC followed by CRT. Induction chemotherapy included a 2 drug combination; intravenous gemcitabine $1000mg/m^2$ on day 1 and 8 and cisplatin $75mg/m^2$ on day 1 only. Radiotherapy (RT) was given as a phase treatment to a total dose of 70 Gy in 35 fractions. Concurrent cisplatin ($75mg/m^2$) was administered to all patients on days 1, 22 and 43. All patients were evaluated for tumor response and adverse effects after IC and 6 weeks after the completion of the treatment protocol. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 17 and Kaplan Meier estimates were applied to project survival. Median follow-up duration was 20 months. The 5-year overall survival (OS), loco regional control (LRC) and relapse free survival (RFS) rates were 71%, 73% and 50%respectively. Acute grade 4 toxicity related to induction chemotherapy and concurrent chemo-radiation was 4% and 2% respectively, with only 3 toxicity-related hospital admissions. We conclude that induction gemcitabine and cisplatin followed by chemo-radiation is a safe and effective regimen in management of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, meriting further investigation in randomized clinical trials.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2011

Introduction: The characteristics of oral tongue squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and the treatment results were reviewed to determine the appropriate treatment strategies. Materials and Methods: The medical records of 140 patients diagnosed and treated for oral tongue SCC at Yonsei University Health System from January 1995 to December 2004 were reviewed. For statistic analysis, the survival rate was determined using the Kaplan-Meier method with SPSS version 12.0, and the difference in survival rates was evaluated using a log-rank test. Results: The mean age of the patients with oral tongue SCC patients was 55 (19-85 years old). According to the T, N and pathologic stage, the patients were distributed from a higher to a lower incidence of cases, as follows: T2 (46.4%), T1 (37.9%), T4 (8.5%), and T3 (7.1%); N0 (65%), N1 (20.7%), N2 (13.6%), and N3 (0.7%); and stage I (31.4%), stage II(25.7%), stage IV (22.2%), and stage III (20.7%). Local and regional recurrence and distant metastasis was present in 13.6%, 5% and 4.2% of patients, respectively. The five-year survival rate was 72.2%, and the prognostic factors for oral tongue SCC included neck metastasis, pathologic stage of the disease, cell differentiation, treatment modality, neck dissection as part of the treatment plan, and neck node recurrence. Discussion: It is suggested that ipsilateral neck dissection or bilateral neck dissection should be selected as a treatment of tongue SCC patients with advanced stage.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.1-32
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 경기변동에 따라 그리고 지역에 따라 달라지는 실업률에 임금이 얼마나 유연하게 반응하는가를 분석한다. 분석의 주된 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 최근의 패널데이터에 근거한 많은 외국의 연구 결과와 마찬가지로 실질임금의 경기순응성(procyclicality)은 매우 크게 추정되었다. 실업률이 1퍼센티지 포인트 하락할 때 실질임금률은 약 3.25% 상승하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 실질임금의 경기순응성은 여성보다는 남성에게 있어서 더 크게 나타났다. 둘째, Blanchflower and Oswald(1990, 1994, 1995)가 발견한 임금곡선(wage curve)이 우리나라에서도 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 그 탄력성의 절대값은 0.1보다는 작게 나타났다. 또한 실질임금률과 지역실업률의 관계는 영구적인 부분(permanent component)에 있어서나 일시적인 부분(transitory element)에 있어서나 부(-)의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 본 연구에서 가장 선호하는 모형인 지역실업률과 총실업률을 동시에 포함시킨 임금함수의 추정에서, 임금은 주로 총실업률에 의해 결정되며 지역 실업률의 효과는 미미한 것으로 나타났다. 이는 임금이 일차적으로는 지역노동시장 여건에 의해 결정된다는 Blanchflower and Oswald(1994)의 주장이 적어도 우리나라 노동시장에서는 성립하지 않음을 의미한다. 또한 우리나라에서는 총실업률이든 지역실업률이든 시간지연효과는 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.247-255
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• 2016

Objectives: Food allergy appears to be increasing in prevalence and can potentially result in significant damaging impact on children's mental and physical health. This study investigated how dietitians/nutrition teachers in Incheon, where a fatal fool allergy incidence occurred, manage food allergy issues in school lunch systems. Methods: A survey with a pre-tested questionnaire was conducted with 358 dietitians/nutrition teachers in Incheon area. The final analytical sample included questionnaire data from 208 study participants (58.1%). Statistical analyses used SPSS ver 19.0. Results: A total of 99.5% respondents reported having received food allergy education. The respondents showed a correction rate of the food allergy test slightly higher than 70%, where nutrition teachers and respondents working in elementary schools had correction rates higher than dietitians and those working in middle schools (p<0.05). All respondents reported regular monitoring to identify students with food allergy and making notification of allergy-prone foods on menu in their school. More nutrition teachers provided "elimination meals" (57.6%) or "replacement meals" (37.0%) than dietitians (43.1%, 19.8%, respectively) (p<0.05). Elimination and replacement meals were provided more in elementary schools than in middle schools (p<0.05). Although counseling students with food allergy on nutrition was done by 64.9% of respondents, the areas of counseling were limited to basics of food allergy and how to use the notification system on menu. To prepare for handling food allergy events effectively, networks with regional clinics or hospitals (34.1%), hotline with parents (87.4%), and keeping an Epi-Pen ready (46.7% elementary school) were established. Only 34.1% of respondents knew how to use Epi-Pens. Conclusions: Dietitians and nutrition teachers in Incheon widely adapted food allergy management methods. It appears that education/training on food allergy for dietitians/nutrition teachers can move on from teaching basics of food allergy to providing applicable food allergy management methods at school system.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.48-54
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the effects of body mass index (BMI) on survival in cervical cancer patients who had undergone surgery and radiotherapy (RT). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 70 cervical cancer patients who underwent surgery and RT from 2007 to 2012. Among them, 40 patients (57.1%) had pelvic lymph node metastases at the time of diagnosis. Sixty-seven patients (95.7%) had received chemotherapy. All patients had undergone surgery and postoperative RT. Median BMI of patients was $22.8kg/m^2$ (range, 17.7 to $35.9kg/m^2$). Results: The median duration of follow-up was 52.3 months (range, 16 to 107 months). Twenty-four patients (34.3%) showed recurrence. Local failure, regional lymph nodal failure, and distant failure occurred in 4 (5.7%), 6 (8.6%), and 17 (24.3%) patients, respectively. The 5-year actuarial pelvic control rate was 83.4%. The 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 85.1% and 65.0%, respectively. The presence of pelvic lymph node metastases (n = 30) and being overweight or obese (n = 34, $BMI{\geq}23kg/m^2$) were poor prognostic factors for CSS (p = 0.003 and p = 0.045, respectively). Of these, pelvic lymph node metastasis was an independent prognostic factor (p = 0.030) for CSS. Conclusion: Overweight or obese cervical cancer patients showed poorer survival outcomes than normal weight or underweight patients. Weight control seems to be important in cervical cancer patients to improve clinical outcomes.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate and analyze the gross lesions of lungs in slaughtered pigs. Pigs were collected from the areas of Kyounggj, Chungbuk, Chungnam and Kangwon provinces from November to December 1999. One hundred-eleven pigs(17.4%) had lung lesions with various degrees among 639 pigs tested. By the standard scoring system, mean score of the lung lesion was 25.6+13.2. Regional prevalence of lung lesions were 23.5%(8/34)) in Kangwon, 17.3%(61/352) in Kyunggi, 15.7%(32/204) in Chungnam and 20.4%(10/49) in Chungbuk. Mean number of pulmonary lesions per pig were 2.87. Most frequent region with pulmonary lesions was right cranial lobe(30.1%) and the decreasing prevalence rates were followed by 23.8% in right middle lobe, 21.05 in right accessory lobe, 15.0% in left cranial lobe, and 5.0% in left middle and accessory lobe(5.0%) and also there was the same prevalent tendency on pulmonary lesions in each lobes of 111 pigs with gross lesion. Isolation rate of bacteria from the affected lungs was 72.1% and main pathogen was Pasteurella multocida. Gross and histological examination of pulmonary lesions in some pigs suggested that there were no marked changes regarded as the correlation with specific diseases except fibropurulent bronchopneumonia which was suspective of some respiratory bacteria including Pasteurella multocida and peribronchiolar lymphoid hyperplasia in varying degrees which was strongly associated with mycoplasmal infection. Consequently, the results in the study were suggested that there was consistently exposed against many causative factors including bacteria in the considerable number of pig herds rearing in the middle area in Korea.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.193-198
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• 1983

A servey on bovine fascioliasis in 52,876 cattle of Euiseong, Andong, Yecheon, Wolseong areas in Gyeongbug Province was carried out by the intradermal test, and the clinical side action of the positive cattle administered with DS-6 intramuscularly was observed. In addition pathological examination of 2 cattle died with side action of DS-6 was also conducted. The results of the studies are summarized as follows; 1. The average infestation rate of bovine fascioliasis was 31.1% and regional infestation rates were 35.1% in Eiseong, 34.5% in Yecheon, 32.2% in Andong, 26.9% in Wolseong, respectively. 2. The side actions were occurred in 1.5%(115/7,667) cf cattle administered with DS-6 and the clinical observations were salivation, dyspnea, hyperamia of conjunctiva, lacrimation, perspiration, urticaria, tremor, diarrhea, staggering, convulsion, edema and abortion. 3. Within 1 hour after the injection, side actions were occurred in 61.7% of the 115 cattle while they were observed in 37.4% of the 115 catte from 1 hour to 2 hours post injection. 4. The duration of the side action was less than 2 hours in 29.5%, 2 to 10 hours in 47.0% and more than 10 hours in 23.5% of the 115 cattle. 5. Autopsy findings and histopathological observations indicate that the death of cattle is caused by anaphylactic shock.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.14-28
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• 2020

Future climate change may affect the hydro-thermal and biogeochemical characteristics of dam reservoirs, the most important water resources in Korea. Thus, scientific projection of the impact of climate change on the reservoir environment, factoring uncertainties, is crucial for sustainable water use. The purpose of this study was to predict the future water temperature and stratification structure of the Soyanggang Reservoir in response to a total of 42 scenarios, combining two climate scenarios, seven GCM models, one surface runoff model, and three wind scenarios of hydrodynamic model, and to quantify the uncertainty of each modeling step and scenario. Although there are differences depending on the scenarios, the annual reservoir water temperature tended to rise steadily. In the RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios, the upper water temperature is expected to rise by 0.029 ℃ (±0.012)/year and 0.048 ℃ (±0.014)/year, respectively. These rise rates are correspond to 88.1 % and 85.7 % of the air temperature rise rate. Meanwhile, the lower water temperature is expected to rise by 0.016 ℃ (±0.009)/year and 0.027 ℃ (±0.010)/year, respectively, which is approximately 48.6 % and 46.3 % of the air temperature rise rate. Additionally, as the water temperatures rises, the stratification strength of the reservoir is expected to be stronger, and the number of days when the temperature difference between the upper and lower layers exceeds 5 ℃ increases in the future. As a result of uncertainty quantification, the uncertainty of the GCM models showed the highest contribution with 55.8 %, followed by 30.8 % RCP scenario, and 12.8 % W2 model.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.563-571
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• 2017

Because of the rapid progress of urbanization in recent decades, the proportion of impervious areas in cities has increased. As a result, hydrological properties of urban streams have changed and non-point pollution sources have increased, that have had considerable influence on human life and ecosystems. To manage these situations, application of non-point pollution reduction facilities and LID facilities are expanding recently. In this study, it is investigated if rainfall interception rate used in design of non-point pollution reduction facilities can be applied to design of LID facilities. For this purpose, EPA SWMM is constructed for part of Noksan National Industrial Complex area wherein long-term observed storm water data can be obtained and storm water interception rates for various design capacities of a bio-retention LID facility reservoirs are estimated. While sensitivity of storm water interception rate according to design specifications of bio-retention facility is not large, sensitivity of storm water interception rate according to regional rainfall characteristics is relatively large. As a result of comparing present rainfall interception rate estimation method with the one proposed in this study, the present method is highly likely to overestimate performance of the bio-retention facility. Finally, a new storm water interception rate formula for bio-retention LID facility is proposed.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.517-533
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• 2018

We utilize the CAMx (Comprehensive Air Quality Model with eXtensions) system and the PSAT (Particulate Source Apportionment Technology) diagnostic tool to determine the $PM_{2.5}$ concentration and to perform its source apportionment in the southeastern region of South Korea. For a year-long simulation, eight local authorities in the region such as Pohang, Daegu, Gyeongju, Ulsan, Busan-Gimhae, Gosung-Changwon, Hadong, and all remaining areas in Gyeongsangnam-do, are selected as source areas based on the emission rates of $NO_x$, $SO_x$, VOC, and primary PM in CAPSS (Clean Air Policy Support System) 2013 emissions inventory. The CAMx-PSAT simulation shows that Pohang has the highest $PM_{2.5}$ self-contribution rate (25%), followed by Hadong (15%) and Busan-Gimhae (14%). With the exception of Pohang, which has intense fugitive dust emissions, other authorities are strongly affected by emissions from their neighboring areas. This may be measured as much as 1 to 2 times higher than that of the self-contribution rate. Based on these estimations, we conclude that the efficiency of emission reduction measures to mitigate $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations in the southeastern region of South Korea can be maximized when the efforts of local or regional emission controls are combined with those from neighboring regions. A comprehensive control policy planning based on the collaboration between neighboring jurisdictional boundaries is required.