• 한국터널공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.335-340
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• 2005

Recently, According to increased tunnel accident, a matter of concern in tunnel fire safety is on an interesting trend. In case of tunnel fire, Evacuation is a primary factor for refugee safety. Therefore safety measures should be taken to increase capability of evacuation. Evacuation walking speed and characteristics of movement in tunnel is differ from building or outdoor site so, these characteristics must be considered in tunnel safety planning. In this study has performed to evaluate the smoke movement and characteristics of evacuation by full-scale test method. and aimed for basic data establishment in characteristics of evacuation for tunnel safety system design.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.117-131
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• 2014

This study aims to explore the reexperience of trauma caused by experience of discrimination and stigma from South Korean. For this purpose of this study, focus group interview methods are used. The participants are five women who escaped from North Korea and they were from 20s to 50s. From the outcomes of this study, I find out that they had experienced to put in prison, to let arrest to let human traffic, and sexual or physical assault. Now they have PTSD(Post Trauma Stress Symptom) of nightmare related with past trauma, avoidance of interpersonal relationships and similar situations, and retrospection and memorization of negative experiences. In that situation, they also have experienced discrimination caused by lack of understanding of their suffering in South Korea. And almost of them suffer from poor situation economically and physically. Participants regret their entry to South Korea and perceive that their hope has gone. And they have anger of Korean's discrimination and stigma and they feel suicide impulse after experiencing very difficult situation. These negative experiences affect their PTSD and make reemergence of trauma experience. In conclusion, the outcomes of this study are discussed and I proposed the practical suggestions which have affected decreasing the PTSD.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.162-170
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• 2011

We tested the hypothesis that an improved nutritional environment increases the size of stature sexual dimorphism (SSD) by comparing mean height changes in North and South Korean adults. For the first round of sampling, those North Korean refugees who had reached the age of 20 years before leaving North Korea were selected for the study. Then, two birth-year cohorts born between 1955 and 1959 and between 1980 and 1984 were finally selected for the analysis (383 males and 529 females). North Korean refugee mean height data were compared to the mean height of the comparable South Korean population derived from 2004 Korean size results (373 males and 429 females). The results of the analysis showed that there was no increase in mean height among the refugees, either in males or females, between the two birth-year cohorts. As a result, no change in SSD was observed between the two birth-year cohorts. In contrast, South Koreans showed a remarkable increase in height, with males having a greater increase during the corresponding 25 years. Consequently, South Korean SSD increased significantly with time. These results support the hypothesis that improved nutritional quality increases SSD.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.103-109
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• 2011

In this study, we calculated the smoke movement at the fire area of the refuge floor which has the refuge safety area in case of fire in the high rise building by using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code of FLUENT (ver. 13.0). The buoyancy plume was applied using the temperature and flow velocity which represent 10 MW heat release rate in order to describe the fire, and the smoke movement was predicted using a species conservation equation. The pressurization system of smoke control was adopted with smoke control damper in refuge safety area, at the result, it is confirmed that the damper capacity was enough to smoke control in which the flow rate of supply was applied 25 $m^3/s$ in the case of the door at fire area opened only, and 50 $m^3/s$ in the doors at the fire area and lobby both opened case. They were satisfied in NFSC 501-A. Even though the door of fire area closed, there were smoke leakages at the gap between the door and wall. In addition, the refugee could be isolated in the fire area when the door of fire area closed during smoke control in the case of using the high damper flow rate of supply, 50 $m^3/s$. Therefore the proper damper flow rate of supply are needed in order to prevent the damage of refugee and this study proposes the suitable condition of damper capacity according to refuge scenario.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.744-754
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• 2017

In this study, an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was conducted with the aim of developing a post-disaster refugee housing performance index system (PPS) to improve the post-disaster refugee housing (PRH) performance criteria for the foundation of quality-based development. The PRH was defined as a mid-term temporary housing facility that is used for a certain period before the permanent housing is established. The safety, rapidity, reusability, habitability, and economy were derived from major performance factors through prior research. A hierarchical PPS was organized by linking the major performance factors with the whole life cycle process of PRH. The priority of each performance index of PPS was determined quantitatively using the analytic hierarchy process through an expert survey. Based on AHP analysis, the performance criterion of the total weight 1-10 ranking and the performance criterion of the first rank in each category were classified into the essential performance criterion (must be achieved) and the others were classified into the recommended performance criterion (optional achieved) and the performance index was constructed considering all stages of PRH development. With the completion of the PRH performance index, it is expected that victims will be able to secure stable residence and return to their daily lives quickly.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.44-51
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• 2017

Purpose: This descriptive study was conducted to identify the attitudes of nursing college students to North Korean refugees (NKR) and to examine factors influencing these attitudes. Methods: A total of 195 participants completed a structured questionnaire between September and October 2016. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 21.0 program. Results: The results of this study were as follows: attitudes toward NKR was 2.74 out of 4 points; cultural receptivity was 3.25 out of 5 points; nationalism was 2.46 out of 4 points. Cultural receptivity (r=.26, p<.001) and nationalism (r=-.18, p=.036) were significantly related to attitudes toward NKR. Unification attitude (${\beta}=0.27$, p <.001) and cultural receptivity (${\beta}=0.20$, p=.005) explained 13.7% of the variance in attitudes toward NKR. Conclusion: The findings of this study provide fundamental data for the development of a nursing education program on multicultural perspectives. Furthermore, these findings might highlight the need for a nursing education program that could enhance understanding of patients from different backgrounds and recognize their differences, going beyond a national point of view as commonly found in Korea. The nursing education program should also promote an open and receptive attitude.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.397-406
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• 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine factors associated with non-vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among the Venezuelan immigrant population residing in Peru. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data obtained from the Second Survey of the Venezuelan Population Residing in Peru in 2022. The dependent variable was vaccination status against COVID-19. The independent variables included socio-demographic, economic, and migratory characteristics of the included population. Crude and adjusted generalized linear Poisson-family models were used to calculate prevalence ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: A total of 7739 Venezuelan migrants aged 18 years or older were included. The proportion of non-vaccination against COVID-19 was 5.7%. Regarding associated factors, unemployment (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 1.31; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.65) was linked to an increased likelihood of not being vaccinated against COVID-19. In contrast, women (aPR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.95), possessing a migration permit (aPR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.31 to 0.54), and having health insurance (aPR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.81) were associated with a decreased likelihood of being unvaccinated. Conclusions: The primary governmental and non-governmental institutions responsible for supporting and protecting the Venezuelan migrant and refugee population should improve vaccination access by issuing migration permits and providing health insurance.

• Journal of Legislation Research
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• no.53
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• pp.109-147
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• 2017

North Korean defectors had left North Korea often to escape from food shortages in the mid-1990s. Since the 2000s, the reasons of their flee from North Korea have more resulted from their exposure to external information, and a desire for democracy and freedom. However, North Korean defectors living in China are not recognized as refugees and thus subject to various human rights violations including forced repatriation. It needs to be thought that wether North Korean defectors who escape from North Korea are political refugees under international law. If they are not recognized as refugees in their new countries, it is imperative to consider a possible way to protect their human rights under international law. The problem of recognition of the refugee status of a person is a matter of involving the sovereignty of individual countries, however, the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees should provide protection of their unique rights, as recognizes by the UNHCR, and their status should be treated as a refugees issue in a broad sense. In the future, it is a necessary to establish international solidarity among individual countries, the UN General Assembly, the decisions of the Human Rights Council and support of UNHCR, to anticipate the need for the refugee recognition and the protection of International Human Rights in preparation for possible mass defections and refugees from North Korea.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.325-356
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• 2006

This study deals with information poverty and information service for information welfare of North Korean refugees. On the basis of the data collected and analyzed, it was concluded that North Korean refugees were situated at information poverty, as compared to the situation of South Koreans. It was also found out that their information poverty was caused by the inferiority of their information literary and information environment. In conclusion, this study made some suggestions for overcoming the information poverty and promoting the information welfare of North Korean refugees.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.310-321
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• 2012

This study was conducted to establish collaborative governance for North Korean Refugees' settlement support service. Three major actors were identified. At the central government level, there is no control center to coordinate various functions. This study suggested three roles for central government in collborative governance, which are policy planning based on public value, allocating financial resources to implementing organizations, and program evaluation for securing public accountability. The rloes of local government are establishing communication channels between implementing participants, maintenancing good relations, and coordination. Finally, the role of private actors is developing high quality service programs, connecting local resources for settlement service.