• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.916-929
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• 2004

근래에 과학교육과정의 개혁에서 쟁점화 된 내용이 무엇인지 알아보기 위해 ERIC 자료에 수록된 논문을 중심으로 조사하였다. 과학교육과정 개혁에 관련된 논문수는 70년대부터 시작하여 90년대 말에는 최고에 이르고 있기 때문에 분석 대상 논문을 최근 10년간의 132편으로 하였다. 두 편이상의 논문이 수록된 18종의 잡지에 전체의 약 66% 의 논문들이 보고되었다. 개혁의 쟁점들을 '개혁 주제', '개혁 소개', '개혁 비판과 전망' 으로 분류하였고, 개혁 주제는 구체적으로 '교사', '과학적 소양', '통합과 교수', '개혁 과정' 으로 구별되었다. '교사'관련 내용은 주로 교사들의 믿음과 신념에 대한 것이고, '과학적 소양'은 소양개념 정의의 불확실성, '통합과 교수'는 통합의 어려움과 관련된 교수 문제, '개혁 과정'은 개혁 참여 인사들의 개인적이거나 집단적 힘의 조정 문제, '비판'은 과학교육 기준의 현장 구현과 과학의 본질에 관련되어 있음이 밝혀졌다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.289-301
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• 2006

이 연구의 목적은 초임 중등 과학 교사들이 과학 수업에서 학생들의 동기 유발과 학생 이해에 대해서 어떠한 지향을 하고 있으며, 그것이 실제 수업에서 어떻게 실행되고 있는지를 분석하는 것이다. 연구 참여자는 수도권 중 고등학교에서 근무하는 경력 1년 미만의 과학 교사 6명이다. 자료 수집은 수업 관찰 및 녹화, 구조화된 심층 면담과 우선순위 면담, 수업 자료를 통해 이루어졌다. 모든 수업과 면담 자료를 전사한 후, 분석틀에 맞추어 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 초임 과학 교사들은 동기 유발과 학생 이해에 관해 '관리 중심 과학 수업'에서부터 '전통적 과학 수업'까지 지향하고 있었으며, '구성주의적 과학 수업'은 지향하지 못하였다. 지향하는 바를 실행하는데 있어서 한명의 교사는 전문 단계의 실행 수준을 보여주었지만, 나머지 교사들은 초보 단계의 실행을 나타냈다. 본 연구를 통해 과학 교사들에게 동기 유발과 학생 이해에 관한 구성주의적 과학 수업의 방향을 제시해 줄 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.194-206
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• 2002

This article describes the major themes to change in historical and philosophical perspectives of science education that lead the US and Korean science curriculum reform movements since 1957. Inquiry teaching and criticism of teaching science as inquiry in the late 1950s and the 1960s, Science-Technology-Society (STS) Curricula, and Science Literacy and the 1980s science literacy crisis are discussed. In the US, three major curricular projects as responses to the scientific literacy crisis are exemplary such as the Project 2061 sponsored by the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the Project on Scope, Sequence, and Coordination (SS&C) initiated by the National Science Teachers Association (NSTA), and the National Science Education Standards (NSES) published by the National Research Council. To identify how each set of national content standards differ, we compared specific content standards related to the theory of plate tectonics in Earth and Space science in grades 9-12 over the three national standards: Benchmarks of AAAS, NSES of the NRC, and SS&C of the NSTA. Against this historical background of the US science education reform movements, the curriculum reform movements in Korea is briefly discussed. In general, Korean science curriculum reform movements have reflected and resembled the recommendations of the US reform movements. In addition, it is important to note that throughout the history of curriculum revision in Korea, there have been continuing pendulum swings between a theoretical, discipline-centered curriculum and a liberal, humanistic, and student-centered curriculum, which pays more attention to students in terms of their interest and psychological preparedness. In conclusion, the sixth and seventh national science curriculum revisions reflect rather a student-centered movement by reducing technical and sophisticated topics, taking constructivism learning theory into consideration, and adding more STS related topics.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.867-892
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• 2001

In both Korea and the U.S., science education leaders and specialists insist that there is a shortage of curricula to address the new national science education guidelines in support of reform. This paper addresses development of new curricula for science education reform in the hopes of facilitating further development of guideline-based curricula. We examine Korean and U.S. thematic-based (Korean Science Field Trip at Cultural Sites Program and U.S. Graduate Teaching Fellows in K-12 Education) and project-centered (Korean Teachers for Exciting Science and U.S. Foundational Approaches in Science Teaching Program) programs. Using the criteria of rationale for curriculum, content and scope, processes of implementation, and assessment strategies, we identify the curricular components that are common across four successful secondary science programs and determine which of these components address the national guidelines. Our findings indicate that common components of these four programs meet the expectations of the science guidelines being used to revamp science education in both countries. Therefore, these programs not only engage secondary students and teachers in practicing successful science education, but also lead to successful science education practices that can be incorporated in the future development of curriculum to support secondary science reform.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.773-790
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• 2015

Conducted as an ethnographic examination of science teaching and learning in an Innovative Middle School in Korea, this study employs sociocultural theory to examine how structures afford and limit student participation in an innovative school designed to promote student-centered learning. Data includes teacher and student interviews, student responses to a questionnaire, classroom observations, and analysis of video recordings of ten lessons in two in two 8th grade science classes. Using structure|agency dialectic theory, we identify and describe some structures that afford and limit teacher and student agency at the micro (science classrooms), meso (school), and macro (Korean society) levels to raise some questions about current reform measures, such as innovation schools, that seek to position classroom teachers as agents for change in science education reform in Korea. Findings suggest that while teachers and school administrators play an essential role in structuring learning opportunities at the meso and micro levels, they have limited agency to address structural constraints originating at the macro-level, which can negatively impact teaching and learning in the science classroom. We offer implications for policy and practice and argue the need for more qualitative research, informed by sociocultural theory, to inform science education reform efforts in Korea.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2006

Throughout the century, based on the precedent set by Flexner in the United States, almost every subsequent report on the reform of medical education has pointed out the need for more prevention-oriented teaching in the curriculum. This has been particularly so in countries like Korea where the basic public health services have been so important for the improvement of health of the people. And, in fact, preventive medicine and public health have contributed a great deal to the prevention of communicable diseases and prolongation of life expectancy. Recently, however, along with the educational reform that emphasizing the interdisciplinary teaching, integration of basic science and clinical education, and centralization of responsibility for the medical education curriculum, concerns are being voiced by preventive medicine educators. These concerns are primarily centered around the fear that the implementation of interdisciplinary, centrally administered courses would result in a weakening of content and teaching expertise as well as a loss of departmental power and control. This paper foresees that preventive medicine and public health will be more important in Korea in the future and proposes that preventive medicine educators will have to step forward and turn the challenges of curricula restructuring into opportunities to expand the role of preventive medicine in the curricula of their institutions.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1999

The present study extends previous research in this area by investigating perceptions of change and reactions to reform efforts by pre-service and practicing secondary school mathematics teachers in the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the United States of America. Interviews were used to gather data about school experiences, teaching practices, and planned changes in mathematics programs. Analysis of the interview data supported earlier findings with respect to the well-planned nature of lessons by PRC teachers and the influence of mathematics contents and examination systems in the PRC. Findings also indicated a general agreement among teachers from both countries favoring less lecturing and more discussion and interactive activities. There were contrasts by nationality in descriptions of future teaching, ideal lessons, sources of teaching ideas, and preferences about school mathematics programs.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.432-446
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• 2007

구성주의적 수업의 구현은 교육 연구 및 현장 교사들이 당면하고 있는 중요한 교육적 과제이다. 본 연구에서는 구성주의적 수업을 위한 협력적 워크숍에 참여한 교사들의 실제 수업 실행에 관한 사례 연구를 진행하였다. 워크숍의 전 과정과 수업 계획 및 실행 과정을 녹화하여 전사하였고, 각 교사별로 심층 면담 및 설문을 실시하였다. 참여 교사들은 다양한 교수 지향을 가지고 있었고 이는 워크숍 과정 전반에 걸쳐 드러났다. 각 교사들은 자신의 교수 지향에 비추어 구성주의적 수업의 의미를 해석하였고, 그러한 이해 방식에 기초하여 수업을 계획하고 실행하였다. 각 교사의 교수 지향은 하나의 중요한 필터로 작용하면서 새로 접하게 되는 지식들을 수업에 적용하는 방식과, 우선적으로 고려 할 부분들을 결정하는 과정에서 각 교사들이 저마다 조금씩 다른 관점을 갖도록 하는 주요 배경이 되었다. 또한 각 교사들의 교수 지향은 실제 상황과 맥락에 따라 구성주의적 수업의 실행을 지지하거나 저해하는 요소로 작용하였다. 참여 교사들은 지식 구성 과정으로서의 과학 활동을 기존 수업의 혁신이 아닌, 추가적인 활동으로 이해하는 공통점을 보였으나 서로 다른 교수 지향의 영향으로 실제 수업은 매우 다양한 모습으로 전개되었다. 이처럼 교사가 새로운 지식을 받아들이고 수업에 도입하는 과정에 있어서 교수 지향의 역할과 다양성을 이해하는 일은 교사 교육의 중요한 출발점이 될 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.412-425
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• 2023

Purpose: Nurses play an important role in ensuring patient rehabilitation and are involved in all aspects of multidimensional rehabilitation. Therefore, strengthening rehabilitation nursing education is vital to ascertain high-quality rehabilitation and optimum outcomes. This study examined the effectiveness of a new teaching reform-a modified Six-Sigma-based training program-against a conventional educational program on rehabilitation specialist nurses' core competencies, post-training performance, and satisfaction. Methods: A quasi-randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the effectiveness of the modified training program. We recruited 56 learners from the 2020 training course at the Hunan Rehabilitation Specialist Nurse Training Base as the control group. Sixty learners from the base's 2021 training course were recruited as the intervention group. Data were collected in a consistent manner from both groups after the training program was implemented. Results: Those who underwent the modified training program showed better improvement in all core competencies than those who underwent the conventional training program (p < .05); the scores for theoretical knowledge, clinical nursing lectures, reviews, and nursing case management improved significantly following the teaching reform (p < 0.05). Further, overall satisfaction as well as base management and theoretical teaching satisfaction improved significantly (p < .05). Conclusion: The modified training program strengthens rehabilitation nurses' base management abilities; enhances their core competencies; expands their interest in and breadth, depth, and practicability of theoretical courses; and updates the teaching methods.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.1-19
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• 1999

Based on the analysis of commonalities and differences in the views of science achievement in major reform documents in the United States and Korea, an aggregated view of science achievement is presented in this paper Science achievement is conceived of in terms of science content and science process. The components of science content include: (a) concepts and theories I n physical, life, and earth and space science;(b) science, mathematics, and technology;(c) science in personal and social perspectives;(d)history and nature of science;and (e) unifying themes. The components of science process include: (a) scientific understanding;(b) scientific investigation;(c) scientific communication; and (d) scientific habits of mind. The components of science process.cut across and intersect with the components of science content. The components of science achievement overlap and are related to one another. Despite such an overlap, understanding the rot e that each component plays provides insight into its unique contributions as well as its interactions with other components. A definition of science achievement and identification of its components based on major reform documents provides a guideline for science assessment as well a s science teaching and learning.