• 전자공학회논문지S
• /
• 제34S권6호
• /
• pp.21-29
• /
• 1997

In this paper, we propose a new approach for recovering 3-D shape and extracting the reflectance properties of surface from intensity images. Photometric stereo method(PSM) is genrally based on the direct illumination. In this paper, the reflectance function is derived by interoduceing the indirect diffuse illumination in PSM and then applied to hybrid reflectance model which consists of two components; the lambertian and the specular reflectance. Under the hybrid reflectance model and the indirect diffuse illumination circumstance, the reflectance properties of sample surface can be extracting by normal sampler and then 3-D shape of an object can be recovered based on extracting reflectance properties. This method is rapid because of using the reference table and simplifies the restriction condition about the reflectance function existing in prior studies. Th erecovery efficiency in our method is better than that in prior studies. Also, this method is applied to various types of surfaces by defining general reflectance function.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
• /
• 제18권12호
• /
• pp.1439-1444
• /
• 2015

Measuring spectral reflectance can be regarded as obtaining inherent color parameters, and spectral reflectance has been used in image processing. Model-based spectrum recovering, one of the method for obtaining spectral reflectance, uses ordinary camera with multiple illuminations. Conventional model-based methods allow to recover spectral reflectance efficiently by using only a few parameters, however it requires some parameters such as power spectrum of illuminations and spectrum sensitivity of camera. In this paper, we propose an enhanced model-based spectrum recovering method without pre-measured parameters: power spectrum of illuminations and spectrum sensitivity of camera. Instead of measuring each parameters, spectral reflectance can be efficiently recovered by estimating and using the spectrum characteristic matrix which contains spectrum parameters: basis function, power spectrum of illumination, and spectrum sensitivity of camera. The spectrum characteristic matrix can be easily estimated using captured images from scenes with color checker under multiple illuminations. Additionally, we suggest fast recovering method preserving positive constraint of spectrum by nonnegative basis function of spectral reflectance. Results of our method showed accurately reconstructed spectral reflectance and fast constrained estimation with unmeasured camera and illumination. As our method could be conducted conveniently, measuring spectral reflectance is expected to be widely used.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.301-312
• /
• 1996

A new approach is presented for recovering the 3-D shape from shading image. Photometric Stereo Method (PSM) is generally based on the direct illumination. In this paper, the reflectance function is derived by introduceing the indirect diffuse illumination in PSM and then applied to hybrid reflectance model which consists fo two components; the Lambertian reflectance and the speclar reflectance. Under the hybrid reflectance model and the indirect diffuse illumination circumstances, the 3-D shape of object can be recovered from the suface normal vector extracted from the surface roughness, the surface reflectance ratio, and the intensity value of a pixel. This method is rapid because of using the reference table and simplifies the restriction condition about the reflectance function existing in prior studies. The recovery efficiency in our method is better than that in prior studies. Also, this method is applied to various types of surfaces by defining general reflectance function.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.382-395
• /
• 1992

The surface color of several varieties of apples were expressed quantitatively in xyz chromaticity coordinates. The spectral reflectance of 'Fuji' apples were measured in 400-820 nm range by using a spectrophotometer. Based on the spectrophotometer data and the result of visual sensory test, linear regression models were developed to select wavelengths effective for sorting apples. The models utilized reflectance at single wavelength, and the difference and ratio of the reflectance at two distinct wavelengths. The model which best fitted the visual sensory test data was one utilizing the ratio of the reflectance at 618 nm and 514nm. The correlation coefficient for this model was 0.967. Several other models were also described.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.71-74
• /
• 2010

In this study the optical properties, such as relative transmittance and reflectance of PDP were analyzed with 3D optical code. Because of the electrode structure, the reference model shows 21.3 % higher transmittance than the test model and the reference model shows 16.6 % higher reflectance than the test model. The calculated reflectance of reference and test models is compared to the measured reflectance and the difference between calculation and measurement is 4.9 %.

• 대기
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.11-22
• /
• 2004

A technique on atmospheric correction algorithm to the multi-band reflectance of Landsat TM imagery has been developed using an atmospheric radiation transfer model for eliminating the atmospheric and surface diffusion effects. Despite the fact that the technique of satellite image processing has been continually developed, there is still a difference between the radiance value registered by satellite borne detector and the true value registered at the ground surface. Such difference is caused by atmospheric attenuations of radiance energy transfer process which is mostly associated with the presence of aerosol particles in atmospheric suspension and surface irradiance characteristics. The atmospheric reflectance depend on atmospheric optical depth and aerosol concentration, and closely related to geographical and environmental surface characteristics. Therefore, when the effects of surface diffuse and aerosol reflectance are eliminated from the satellite image, it is actually corrected from atmospheric optical conditions. The objective of this study is to develop an algorithm for making atmospheric correction in satellite image. The study is processed with the correction function which is developed for eliminating the effects of atmospheric path scattering and surface adjacent pixel spectral reflectance within an atmospheric radiation model. The diffused radiance of adjacent pixel in the image obtained from accounting the average reflectance in the $7{\times}7$ neighbourhood pixels and using the land cover classification. The atmospheric correction functions are provided by a radiation transfer model of LOWTRAN 7 based on the actual atmospheric soundings over the Korean atmospheric complexity. The model produce the upward radiances of satellite spectral image for a given surface reflectance and aerosol optical thickness.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.37-43
• /
• 2009

Hyperspectral reflectance and fluorescence scattering have been researched recently for measuring fruit post-harvest quality and condition. And they are promising for nondestructive detection of fruit quality. The objective of this research was to develop a model, which measure the quality of apple by using hyperspectral reflectance and fluorescence. A violet laser (408 nm) and a quartz tungsten halogen light were used as light sources for generating laser induced fluorescence and reflectance scattering in apples, respectively. The laser induced fluorescence and reflectance of 'Golden Delicious' apples were measured by using a hyperspectral imaging system. Fruit firmness, soluble solids and acid content were measured using standard destructive methods. Principal component analyses were performed to extract critical information from both hyperspectral reflectance and fluorescence data and this information was then related to fruit quality indexes. The fluorescence models had poorer predictions of the three quality indexes than the reflectance models. However, the prediction models of integrating fluorescence and reflectance performed consistently better than the individual models of either reflectance or fluorescence. The correlation coefficient for fruit firmness, soluble solid content, and tillable acidity from the integrated model was 0.86, 0.75, and 0.66 respectively. Also the standard errors were 6.97 N, 1.05%, and 0.07% respectively.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
• /
• 제33권11호
• /
• pp.936-941
• /
• 2006

대상인식 기술을 실제 환경에 적용하기 위해서는 조명 보상 기술 개발이 필수적이다. 본 논문은 조명의 방향 변화로 인한 영상의 변화를 보상하는 방법으로써 레티넥스 모델과 조명-반사율 모델에 주목하고, 이를 다양한 방법으로 구현하고 그 성능을 비교함으로써 효과적인 조명 보상방법을 제시하였다. 본 논문에서는 레티넥스 모델을 단일 스케일 레티넥스, 다중 스케일 레티넥스와 이를 신경망으로 재구성한 레티넥스 신경망, 다중 스케일 레티넥스 신경망으로 구현하였다. 조명 반사율 모델은 조명 영상을 이산코사인변환, 웨이블릿변환을 통한 저주파 필터링과 가우시안 블러로 구한 후, 이를 이용하여 반사율 영상을 계산하여 조명 보상을 수행하도록 하였다. 구현된 조명 보상을 9가지 조명 방향 변화가 존재하는 얼굴 영상에 대해 조명 보상을 수행하여, 그 성능을 측정하고 비교하였으며, 더불어 주성분분석 계수를 이용하여 그 성능을 측정하였다. 실험 결과 조명-반사율 모델이 보다 좋은 성능을 보였으며, 주성분분석 계수를 추출한 경우 전반적인 성능향상을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.14-18
• /
• 2013

We introduce a generic method to analyze optical 17reflectance spectra of strongly correlated electron systems including high-temperature superconductors by using an extended Drude model and Allen's approach. We explain the process step by step from reflectance through the optical conductivity and the scattering rate to the bosonic spectral function. Through the process we are able to get important information on the interactions between charge carriers from measured optical conductivity of the strongly correlated electron systems including copper oxide and iron pnitide high temperature superconductors.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.127-139
• /
• 2018

The GOCI atmospheric correction overland surfaces is essential for the time-series analysis of terrestrial environments with the very high temporal resolution. We develop an operational GOCI atmospheric correction method over land surfaces, which is rather different from the one developed for ocean surface. The GOCI atmospheric correction method basically reduces gases absorption and Rayleigh and aerosol scatterings and to derive surface reflectance from at-sensor radiance. We use the 6S radiative transfer model that requires several input parameters to calculate surface reflectance. In the sensitivity analysis, aerosol optical thickness was the most influential element among other input parameters including atmospheric model, terrain elevation, and aerosol type. To account for the highly variable nature of aerosol within the GOCI target area in northeast Asia, we generate the spatio-temporal aerosol maps using AERONET data for the aerosol correction. For a fast processing, the GOCI atmospheric correction method uses the pre-calculated look up table that directly converts at-sensor radiance to surface reflectance. The atmospheric correction method was validated by comparing with in-situ spectral measurements and MODIS reflectance products. The GOCI surface reflectance showed very similar magnitude and temporal patterns with the in-situ measurements and the MODIS reflectance. The GOCI surface reflectance was slightly higher than the in-situ measurement and MODIS reflectance by 0.01 to 0.06, which might be due to the different viewing angles. Anisotropic effect in the GOCI hourly reflectance needs to be further normalized during the following cloud-free compositing.