• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.273-280
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• 2016

Purpose: This experiment was conducted to detect water stress in terms of the moisture content of cucumber seedlings under water stress condition using a hyperspectral image acquisition system, linear regression analysis, and partial least square regression (PLSR) to achieve a non-destructive measurement procedure. Methods: Changes in the reflectance spectrum of cucumber seedlings under water stress were measured using hyperspectral imaging techniques. A model for estimating moisture content of cucumber seedlings was constructed through a linear regression analysis that used the moisture content of cucumber seedlings and a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). A model using PLSR that used the moisture content of cucumber seedlings and reflectance spectrum was also created. Results: In the early stages of water stress, cucumber seedlings recovered completely when sub-irrigation was applied. However, the seedlings suffering from initial wilting did not recover when more than 42 h passed without irrigation. The reflectance spectrum of seedlings under water stress decreased gradually, but increased when irrigation was provided, except for the seedlings that had permanently wilted. From the results of the linear regression analysis using the NDVI, the model excluding wilted seedlings with less than 20% (n=97) moisture content showed a precision ($R^2$ and $R^2_{\alpha}$) of 0.573 and 0.568, respectively, and accuracy (RE) of 4.138% and 4.138%, which was higher than that for models including all seedlings (n=100). For PLS regression analysis using the reflectance spectrum, both models were found to have strong precision ($R^2$) with a rating of 0.822, but accuracy (RMSE and RE) was higher in the model excluding wilted seedlings as 5.544% and 13.65% respectively. Conclusions: The estimation model of the moisture content of cucumber seedlings showed better results in the PLSR analysis using reflectance spectrum than the linear regression analysis using NDVI.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.285-295
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• 2001

We developed a CASE-II water model that will enable the simulation of remote sensing reflectance($R_{rs}$) at the coastal waters for the retrieval of suspended sediments (SS) concentrations from satellite imagery. The model has six components which are: water, chlorophyll, dissolved organic matter (DOM), non-chlorophyllous particles (NC), heterotrophic microorganisms and an unknown component, possibly represented by bubbles or other particulates unrelated to the five first components. We measured $R_{rs}$, concentration of SS and chlorophyll, and absorption of DOM during our field campaigns in Korea. In addition, we generated $R_{rs}$ from different concentrations of SS and chlorophyll, and various absorptions of DOM by random number functions to create a large database to test the model. We assimilated both the computer generated parameters as well as the in-situ measurements in order to reconstruct the reflectance spectra. We validated the model by comparing model-reconstructed spectra with observed spectra. The estimated $R_{rs}$ spectra were used to (1) evaluate the performance of four wavelengths and wavelengths ratios for accurate retrieval of SS. 2) identify the optimum band for SS retrieval, and 3) assess the influence of the SS on the chlorophyll algorithm. The results indicate that single bands at longer wavelengths in visible better results than commonly used channel ratios. The wavelength of 625nm is suggested as a new and optimal wavelength for SS retrieval. Because this wavelength is not available from SeaWiFS, 555nm is offered as an alternative. The presence of SS in coastal areas can lead to overestimation chlorophyll concentrations greater than 20-500%.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.307-314
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• 2013

The Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution (BRD) effect is critical to interpret the surface information using remotely sensed data. This effect was caused by geometric relationship between sensor, target and solar that is inevitable effect for data of optical sensor. To remove the BRD effect, semi-empirical BRDF models are widely used. It is faster to calculate than physical models and demanded less observation than empirical models. In this study, Ross-Li kernel and Roujean kernel were used respectively in National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) that are used to compare each other. The semi-empirical model consists of three parts which are isotropic, geometric and volumetric scattering. Each part contained physical kernel and empirical coefficients that were calculated by statistical method. Red and NIR channel of SPOT/VEGETATION product were used to compute Nadir BRDF Adjusted Reflectance (NBAR) over East Asia area from January 2009 to December 2009. S1 product was provided by VITO that was conducted atmospheric correction using Simplified Method of Atmospheric Correction (SMAC). NBAR was calculated using corrected reflectance of red and NIR. Previous study has revealed that Roujean geometric kernel had unphysical values in large zenith angles. We extracted empirical coefficients in three parts and normalized reflectance to compare both BRDF models. Two points located forest in Korea peninsular and bare land in Gobi desert were selected for comparison. As results of time series analysis, both models showed similar reflectance change pattern and reasonable values. Whereas in case of empirical coefficients comparison, different changes pattern of values were showed in isotropic coefficients.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2012년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.237-242
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• 2012

At present, crystalline solar cells take up a significant percentage of the solar industry. The ways of increasing the efficiency of crystalline solar cell are texturing and AR(Anti-Reflection) coating, and the purpose of these technologies is to increase the amount of available light on the solar cell by reducing the reflectivity. The reflectance of crystalline silicon solar cell combined with such technologies will be able to predict using the proposed simulation in this paper. The simulation algorithm was made using MATLAB, and it is a combination of the theories of reflection in textured wafer and in anti-reflection coated wafer. The simulation results were divided into three wavelength band and were compared with actual reflectance measured by a spectrometer. The wavelength band from 300 to 380 was named ultraviolet region and the wavelength band from 380 to 780 is named visible region. Finally, the wavelength band from 780 to 1200 named infrared region. When compared with measured reflection data, the simulation results had a small error from 0.4 to 0.5[%] in visible region. The error occurred in the rest two regions is larger than visible region. The extreme error occurred the infrared region is due to internal reflection effect, but in the ultraviolet region, the rationale on reduction phenomenon of reflectance occurred in small range did not proved. If these problem will be solve, this simulation will have high reliability more than now and be able to predict the reflectance of solar cells.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.35-45
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• 1996

호수의 수질관리시 가장 중요한 수질인자 중의 하나인 클로로필의 반사도를 측정하여 가시광선과 근적외선 영역에서 클로로필의 파장별 반사특성을 파악하였고, 클로로필 반사도 스펙트럼에 TM데이터를 적용시켜 TM데이터만으로 클로로필 농도를 추정할 수 있는 변환식을 유도하였다. 또한 1995년 6월 20일과 1996년 3월 18일자의 LANDSAT TM데이터와 위성 통과시간에 대청호에서 측정한 클로로필의 상관관계로부터 회귀모델을 유도하여 대청호 전역의 영양상태 분포도를 작성하였고 계절에 따른 영양상태를 평가하였다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제36권6_2호
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• pp.1509-1521
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• 2020

다목적실용위성(KOMPSAT-3A: Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite 3A)으로부터 산출된 지표 반사도 성과의 검정 작업을 위하여 분광 반사도 측정값을 제공하고 있는 포털인 Radiometric Calibration Network(RadCalNet)에서 제공하는 4 개의 사이트 자료 중에서 중국 바오터우(Baotou: BTCN) 데이터를 이용한 실험을 수행하였다. 실험을 위한 반사도 성과는 대기 반사도와 지표 반사도를 일괄적으로 처리할 수 있도록 재설계하고 구현한 오픈소스 Orfeo ToolBox(OTB)의 확장 프로그램(Extension)을 이용하여 생성하였다. 절대 대기 보정에 적용되는 두 가지의 센서 모델 변수를 고려하여 2016년, 2017년, 2018년 자료 1개씩 총 3개의 영상 자료를 실험에 적용하였다. 한편 각각 USGS LaSRC 알고리즘과 SNAP Sen2Cor 프로그램을 이용하여 Landsat-8과 Sentinel-2B 영상정보로부터 산출한 반사도 성과와의 비교 검증 작업을 수행하여 센서 별 차이를 확인하고자 하였다. 대기 반사도와 지표 반사도를 대상으로 절대 대기 보정을 위한 필수 입력 값인 Gain과 Offset에 대한 센서 모델 변수 값을 적용한 결과로, 2019년에 발표된 변수 값을 사용한 성과에 비하여 2017년 변수 값을 사용한 성과가 RadCalNet BTCN 자료에 비교적 잘 부합되는 것으로 나타났다. RadCalNet BTCN 자료를 기준으로 KOMPSAT-3A 영상정보의 지표 반사도 성과와의 차이는 밴드 별로 B 밴드(-0.031 ~ 0.034), G 밴드(-0.001 ~ 0.055), R 밴드(-0.072 ~ 0.037), NIR 밴드(-0.060 ~ 0.022)로 일치도가 높은 것으로 나타났고, Landsat-8 영상과 Sentinel-2B 영상의 지표 반사도의 경우도 KOMPSAT-3A 영상의 지표 반사도 성과의 정확도와 유사한 수준인 것으로 나타났다. 이번 연구 결과는 고해상도 위성에서 지표 반사도 값에 대한 분석 대기 데이터(Analysis Ready Data: ARD) 적용 가능성을 확인한 것에 의미가 있다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.2944-2953
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• 1994

Active range finders using laser beam have been widely used for the factory automation and quality assurance, but they may be unreliable if the object' slope is steep or its surface is specular. The reliability of an active range finder was analyzed for the variation of the reflected laser beam intensity. First, the properties of the object's reflection were modeled by using the bidirectional reflectance-distribution function(BRDF), and then the variation of the laser beam brightness was formulated for the different configuratioin of the object and sensor. The experimental data of the laser beam reflection were obtained for two materials, mild steel and stainless steel. The parameters of the proposed model were obtained by fitting the data of the mild steel to the model and it was found that the results calculated from the proposed model were in good agreement with the experimental data.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2007

Atmospheric correction is one of critical procedures to extract quantitative information related to biophysical variables from hyperspectral imagery. Most atmospheric correction algorithms developed for hyperspectral data have been based upon atmospheric radiative transfer (RT) codes, such as MODTRAN. Because of the difficulty in acquisition of atmospheric data at the time of image capture, the complexity of RT model, and large volume of hyperspectral data, atmospheric correction can be very difficult and time-consuming processing. In this study, we attempted to develop an efficient method for the atmospheric correction of EO-1 Hyperion data. This method uses the pre-calculated look-up-table (LUT) for fast and simple processing. The pre-calculated LUT was generated by successive running of MODTRAN model with several input parameters related to solar and sensor geometry, radiometric specification of sensor, and atmospheric condition. Atmospheric water vapour contents image was generated directly from a few absorption bands of Hyperion data themselves and used one of input parameters. This new atmospheric correction method was tested on the Hyperion data acquired on June 3, 2001 over Seoul area. Reflectance spectra of several known targets corresponded with the typical pattern of spectral reflectance on the atmospherically corrected Hyperion image, although further improvement to reduce sensor noise is necessary.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.33-43
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• 1990

Spectral reflectance of paddy, brown rice, milled rice, greenish grain, yellow grain and denatured grain were measured over the range of 340 to 820 nm with "Double Beam Spectrophotometer(Model UV-180)". Variation in the reflectance depending on milling degree of milled rice appeared greatest over the range of 420 to 500 nm, and that between white rice and other rice samples appeared greatest near 500 nm. On the basis of the above results, a whiteness meter to measure milling degree of rice was manufactured using tungsten lamp, photodiodes and amplifier, and its performance was compared with the existing whiteness meters (KETT and Z-II optical sensor). There were very high correlations among those whiteness meters.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2002년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.746-749
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• 2002

This paper is introducing a radio control helicopter as a new platform of ground truth measurement. This helicopter is normally used for spraying an agricultural chemical. It can do pinpoint hovering and programing flight using DGPS etc., A spectrometer with dual port can measure ground surface and white reference plate at the same time. And it can also take digital images by digital camera. It is needed to collect ground reflectance information as satellite sensor footprint size for satellite data validation. Generally it is possible to get such ground reflectance by an airplane measurement. But it is high cost and not so easy to make a measurement by airplane. Developed validation system can provide such ground reflectance in low cost and easy.