• 한국도로학회논문집
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.105-112
• /
• 2013

PURPOSES : Compared to the criteria from advanced countries, Korea has conservative criteria for the buried depth of pipeline (about 30~70cm deeper) causing the waste of cost and time. Therefore, this research investigated the effect of various buried depths of pipeline on pavement performance in order to modify the criteria to be safe but economical. In addition, a recycled aggregate which is effective in economical and environmental aspect was evaluated to be used as a refilling material. METHODS : In this study, total 10 pilot sections which are composed with various combinations of pavement structure, buried depth of pipeline, and refilling material were constructed and the telecom cable was utilized as a buried pipeline. During construction, LFWD (Light Falling Weight Deflectometer) tests were conducted on each layer to measure the structural capacity of underlying layers. After the construction is completed, FWD (Falling Weight Deflectometer) tests and moving load tests were performed on top of the asphalt pavement surface. RESULTS : It was found from the LFWD and FWD test results that as the buried depth decrease, the deflections in subbase and surface layer were increased by 30% and 5~10%, respectively, but the deflection in base layer remained the same. In the moving load test, the longitudinal maximum strain was increased by 30% for 120mm of buried depth case and 5% for 100mm of buried depth case. Regarding the effect of refilling material, it was observed that the deflections in subbase and surface layer were 10% lager in recycled aggregate compared to the sand material. CONCLUSIONS : Based on the testing results, it was found that the change in buried depth and refiliing material would not significantly affect the pavement performance. However, it is noted that the final conclusion should be made based on an intensive structural analysis for the pavement under realistic conditions (i.e., repeated loading and environmental loading) along with the field test results.

• 한국포장학회지
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.105-111
• /
• 2009

In this work, source reduction of poly ethylene terephthalate (PET) packaging are discussed as aspect of sustainability, such as reuse, refill and recycling through the various treatment methods and historical studies for municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal. Since PET has good chemical, physical and mechanical properties, and provides good oxygen and carbon dioxide barrier properties, PET is one of the most widely used thermoplastic polyester in the U.S. and around the world. As the demand for non-renewable PET is increasing, several approaches have been developed to meet economical feasibility and environmental responsibility without degrading material performance. Several companies, such as Coca-Cola Co., Easterform Packaging Co. and Kraft, have tried to develop lightweight PET bottle, and some of lightweight PET bottles are already commercialized. Reuse and refilling for PET container is well developed in Europe, such as Denmark, German and Netherland by supportive legislation and policies. Recycling process is the best way to economically reduce PET waste. In consequence, advanced technique and further development must be provided due to increasing PET packaging waste.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.13-18
• /
• 2010

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography using 13.5 nm wavelengths is expected to be adopted as a mass production technology for 32 nm half pitch and below. One of the new issues introduced by EUV lithography is the shadowing effect. Mask shadowing is a unique phenomenon caused by using mirror-based mask with an oblique incident angle of light. This results in a horizontal-vertical (H-V) biasing effect and ellipticity in the contact hole pattern. To minimize the shadowing effect, a refilled mask is an available option. The concept of refilled mask structure can be implemented by partial etching into the multilayer and then refilling the trench with an absorber material. The simulations were carried out to confirm the possibility of application of refilled mask in 32 nm line-and-space pattern under the condition of preproduction tool. The effect of sidewall angle in refilled mask is evaluated on image contrast and critical dimension (CD) on the wafer. We also simulated the effect of refilled absorber thickness on aerial image, H-V CD bias, and overlapping process window. Finally, we concluded that the refilled absorber thickness for minimizing shadowing effect should be thinner than etched depth.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제43권1호
• /
• pp.71-77
• /
• 2023

지속적인 산업 발전에 따라 천연자원 고갈, 폐기물 발생 뿐만 아니라 다양한 기상이변 현상 발생이 빈번해지고 있다. 기후위기 극복과 자원절약을 위해 산업부산물을 재활용하기 위한 노력이 계속되고 있다. 슬래그는 철강산업에서 발생하는 대표적인 부산물로 밀도가 크고 강성이 높은 특징에 따라 아스팔트 콘크리트용 재료로 활용시 강도 증진, 변형 감소를 가져와 소성변형 저항성과 수분 저항성을 향상시키는 특징이 있다. 반면 팽창 특성을 갖고 있어 성토재, 매립재 등 비교적 저부가가치용 재료로 활용되고 있다. 슬래그 재료의 적용처 확대를 위해 슬래그 아스팔트 콘크리트 포장의 균열 저항성 평가 실험을 수행하였다. 간접인장강도 시험결과 슬래그 골재를 사용한 아스팔트 혼합물은 동일 입도의 일반 혼합물 대비 1.13배 이상 높은 값을 보이고 터프니스 또한 1.17대 높아 균열저항성이 향상되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 4점 빔 피로 실험과 슬래그 아스팔트 혼합물의 파괴횟수가 20,409회로 일반 혼합물 대비 2배 이상 증가하였으며 Overlay Test 결과 인장하중 잔류율이 4배 이상 높은 값을보여 반복적인 피로에 대한 균열 저항성도 향상되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이에 따라 슬래그 골재의 사용은 아스팔트 콘크리트 포장의 성능 향상에 다양한 이점이 될 수 있을 것으로 평가된다.