• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.93-99
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• 2012

Purpose: This study compared outcomes in children with acute leukemia who underwent transplantations with umbilical cord blood (UCB), bone marrow, or peripheral blood stem cells from a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched related donor (MRD) or an unrelated donor (URD). Methods: This retrospective study included consecutive acute leukemia patients who underwent their first allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) at Samsung Medical Center between 2005 and 2010. Patients received stem cells from MRD (n=33), URD (n=46), or UCB (n=41). Results: Neutrophil and platelet recovery were significantly longer after HSCT with UCB than with MRD or URD ($p$ <0.01 for both). In multivariate analysis using the MRD group as a reference, the URD group had a significantly higher risk of grade III to IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD; relative risk [RR], 15.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2 to 186.2; $p$=0.03) and extensive chronic GVHD (RR, 6.9; 95% CI, 1.9 to 25.2; $p$ <0.01). For all 3 donor types, 5-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival were similar. Extensive chronic GVHD was associated with fewer relapses (RR, 0.1; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.6; $p$ <0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that lower EFS was associated with advanced disease at transplantation (RR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.3 to 7.8; $p$ <0.01) and total body irradiation (RR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.0 to 4.3; $p$=0.04). Conclusion: Survival after UCB transplantation was similar to survival after MRD and URD transplantation. For patients lacking an HLA matched donor, the use of UCB is a suitable alternative.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.1299-1308
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• 1994

This paper is considered on the dynamic behavior and the dynamic impact coefficient on the cable-stayed bridge under the vehicle load. The method of static analysis, that is, the transfer matrix method is used to get influence values about displacements, section forces of girder and cable forces. Gotten influence values were used as basic data to analyse dynamic behavior. This paper used the transfer matrix method because it is relatively simpler than the finite element method, and calculating speed of computer is very fast and the precision of computation is high. In the process of dynamic analysis, the uncoupled equation of motion is derived from simultaneous equation of the motion of cable-stayed bridge and vehicle travelling by using mode shape, which was borne from system of undamped free vibration. The solution of the uncoupled equation of motion, that is, time history of response of deflections, velocity and acceleration on reference coordinate system, is found by Newmark-${\beta}$ method, a kind of direct integral method. After the time history of dynamic response was gotten, and it was transfered to the time history of dynamic response of cable-stayed bridge by linear transformation of coordinates. As a result of this numerical analysis, effect of dynamic behavior for cable-stayed bridge under the vehicle load has varied depending on parameter of design, that is, the ratio of span, the ratio of main span length, tower height, the flexural rigidity of longitudinal girder, the flexural rigidity of tower, and the cable stiffness, investigated. Very good agreements with the existing solution in the literature are shown for the uncracked plate as well as the cracked plate.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.17
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• pp.7749-7754
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• 2015

Background: Currently, cationic liposome has become the commonly used vehicles for gene transfection. Furthermore, one of the most significant steps in microRNAs expression studies is transferring microRNAs into cell cultures successfully. In this study we aim to approach the feasibility of transfection of cervical cancer cell lines mediated by liposome and to obtain the optimized transfection condition for cervical cancer cell lines. Materials and Methods: $Lipofectamine^{TM}2000$ as the carrier, miR-101 mimic was transfected into Hela cells and Siha cells. Using green fluorescent protein as reporter gene, to set different groups according to cell seeding density, the amount of miRNA, miRNA and the proportion of Liposomes, Whether to add serum into medium to study their impact on the liposomal transfection efficiency. Finally, MTT assay was used to analyze the relative minimal cell toxicity of liposome reagents. Results: The seeding density of Hela cell line and Siha are $1.5{\times}10^4$ (per well of 24 well plates), miRNA amount is 1ul of both, the ratio of miRNA and liposome is 1:0.5 of Hela cell line; 1:0.7 of Siha cell line respectively, after 24 hours we can get the highest transfection efficiency. Compared with serum medium, only Siha cells cultured with serum-free medium obtained higher transfection efficiency before transfection (P<0.01). MTT assay showed that according to the above conditions which has the lowest cytotoxicity. Conclusions: The method of Liposome to transfected is a suitable way and it can be an efficient reagent for miRNA delivery for Hela cells and Siha cells in vitro. It may serve as a reference for the further research or application.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.83-124
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• 2015

Currently, infertility and artificial insemination have increased. However, there is no detailed legislation about this. In this study, I'll consider the legal status of artificial insemination child. Through the examination of the overseas legislation, we may get the reference of the future legislation. If we consider the increasing of infertility, artificial insemination should be allowed. And due to the well-being of artificial insemination child, such as the United States and France, the artificial insemination child should be regarded the legal child of the infertile couples. When the contradiction between the subject's basic rights has occurred, we need to consider the welfare of the child preferentially. Because the artificial insemination child has no selection of opportunity in birth, unlike adults who select the artificial insemination in their own free will. The development of biotechnology should be for the treatment of human. But creation and improvement of human must be prohibited. In addition, the social investigation of recognition about A.R.T. and general public administrative legal regulation should be made. There is a need for balanced discipline through a multi-disciplinary research. This study may be providing a legal interpretation criteria of other biotechnology researches.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.408-422
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• 2013

This paper builds on recent scholarly endeavours to establish a body of knowledge on Varieties of Asian Capitalism/Asian Business Systems. The forthcoming Oxford handbook of Asian business systems systematically compares institutional capitalist arrangements across Asia including Laos, yet there is no chapter on Cambodia. The objective of this paper is to compare the Lao and Cambodian varieties of Asian capitalism, with special reference to the role of the state and the economic geography of both countries. Accordingly, it seeks answers to the questions as to how territory has become a key arena for re-organising economic power and how the Lao and Cambodian state themselves are being transformed through state capitalism and the Beijing-Seoul-Tokyo Consensus. A comparative analysis reveals a difference between state-coordinated frontier capitalism in Laos versus patrimonial oligarchy in Cambodia. Interdependencies between the market and the state in Laos display the state as active and interventionist. In some provinces the central government leaves decision making to provincial elites contributing to the emergence of other distinctive regional varieties of capitalism. The rising spatially less selective oligarchs in Cambodia focus relatively more on markets, but are certainly not seeking free markets with equal entry opportunities. The findings offer interesting possibilities for further research on the spaces of Asian capitalism, both from an empirical and theoretical perspective. More work should be done to accommodate the role of small and medium enterprises and theories need to better integrate oligarchic, personal and familial capitalism. Finally, comparative corridor studies in Laos could lead to better insights into the nature of regional varieties of capitalism.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.56-63
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• 2010

Purpose : DIR image is relatively free from susceptibility artifacts therefore, DIR image can make it possible to reliably measure cortical thickness/volume. One drawback of the DIR acquisition is the long scan time to acquire the fully sampled 3D data set. To solve this problem, we applied a parallel imaging method (GRAPPA) and verify the reliability of using the volumetric study. Materials and methods : Six healthy volunteers (3 males and 3 females; age $25.33{\pm}2.25$ years) underwent MRI using the 3D DIR sequence at a 3.0T Siemens Tim Trio MRI scanner. GRAPPA simulation was performed from the fully sampled data set for reduction factor 2. Data reconstruction was performed using MATLAB R2009b. Freesurfer v.4.3.0 was used to evaluate the cortical thickness of the entire brain, and to extract white matter information from the DIR image, Analyze 9.0 was used. The global cortical thickness estimated from the reconstructed image was compared with reference image by using a T-test in SPSS. Results : Although reduced SNR and blurring are observed from the reconstructed image, in terms of segmentation the effect was not so significant. The volumetric result was validated that there were no significant differences in many cortical regions. Conclusion : This study was performed with DIR image for a volumetric MRI study. To solve the long scan time of 3D DIR imaging, we applied GRAPPA algorithm. According to the results, fast imaging can be done with reduction factor 2 with little loss of image quality at 3.0T.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.178-189
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• 2016

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to assess body composition, physical activity level (PAL), basal metabolic rate (BMR), and daily energy expenditure (DEE) and to examine associations between PAL and body composition, BMR, and DEE of elderly in Busan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 226 elderly aged 65-93 years. Body composition was measured by Inbody 720. PAL was calculated by daily activity diary. BMR was calculated by Harris-Benedict (H-B) formula, Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) formula, and Inbody 720 measurement. DEE was calculated by H-B formula, DRI formula, Inbody 720 measurement, and estimated energy requirements (EER) formula. Results: The mean fat free mass (FFM) in elderly men was significantly higher than that in elderly women (p<0.001). The mean percent body fat and fat mass (FM) in elderly women were significantly greater than those in elderly men (p<0.001, p<0.001). The mean PAL in elderly men (1.59) was significantly higher than that in elderly women (1.53) (p<0.001). The mean DEEs calculated by 3 methods except for H-B formula in elderly men were higher than EER for elderly men (2000kcal). The mean DEEs calculated by 4 different methods in elderly women were higher than EER for elderly women (1600kcal). Age showed significantly negative correlations with height (p<0.001, p<0.001), FFM (p<0.001, p<0.001), BMRs calculated by H-B formula (p<0.001, p<0.001), DRI formula (p<0.001, p<0.001) and Inbody 720 measurement (p<0.05 p<0.01) and DEEs calculated by H-B formula (p<0.001, p<0.001), DRI formula (p<0.001, p<0.001), Inbody 720 measurement (p<0.05, p<0.05), and EER formula (p<0.001, p<0.001) in elderly men and elderly women. PAL showed significantly positive correlations with FFM (p<0.05), BMR by Inbody 720 measurement (p<0.05) in elderly men and negative correlations with FM (p<0.05) in elderly women. Conclusions: Based on the results, PAL was associated with greater FFM in elderly men and lesser FM in elderly women. Therefore, nutritional education to increase physical activity for health promotion in late life is needed in the elderly.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.295-304
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• 2006

Residual materials such as veterinary drugs, environmental contaminants, and pesticides are affecting food safety. High resolution techniques and quality controls are needed to analyze these materials from part per million to part per trillion quantities in food. In order to achieve quality results, standardized methods and techniques are required. Our laboratories were prepared to obtain a certificate of accreditation for ISO/IEC 17025 in the analytical criteria of animal drugs, dioxins, pesticides, and heavy metals. ISO together with IEC has built a strategic partnership with the World Trade Organization with the common goal of promoting a free and fair global trading system. ISO collaborates with the United Nations Organization and its specialized agencies and commissions, particularly those involved in the harmonization of regulations and public policies including the World Health Organization and CODEX Alimentarius for food safety measurement, management and traceability. Our goal was to have high quality analysts, proper analytical methods, good laboratory facilities, and safety systems within guidelines of ISO/IEC 17025. All staff members took requirement exams. We applied proficiency tests in the analysis of veterinary drugs (nitrofuran metabolites, sulfonamide and tetracyclines), dioxins, organophosphorus pesticides, and heavy metals (Cd, Pb, As) to the Food Analysis Performance Assessment Scheme (FAPAS) at Central Science Laboratory, Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), England. The results were very satisfactory. All documents were prepared, including system management, laboratory management, standard operational procedures for testing, reporting, and more. The criteria encompassed the requirements of ISO/IEC 17025:1999. Finally, the Korea Laboratory Accreditation Scheme (KOLAS) accredited our testing laboratories in accordance with the provisions of Article 23 of the National Standards Act. The accreditation will give us the benefit of becoming a regional reference laboratory in Asia.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.1001-1014
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study is about discovering the basic references to find the ways to vitalize handicapped dental clinics. Methods : The study was analyzed by the satisfactions of those patients who took the advantages of using the dental care at B-welfare center and also their transformed perceptions after the services are influenced. The analysis was the questionnaire consisting of 100 items and survey data. Results : 1. The satisfaction of the dental service for the disabled was respectively high which was the average of 4.49. 2. Their satisfactions of receiving kindness services by volunteers and employees were the highest in the entire research of successful handicapped dental services and it was 4.78 overall. 3. The satisfaction of using handicapped dental clinic has the higher range of female users than male's. In the mean time treatment details of the dental care and the satisfaction towards to the volunteers and faculty at the center show the statistical significance gap. 4. The oral care service after experiencing the dental clinic for handicapped relived their discomforts of using the regular dental clinic which shows their highest satisfaction as it is the point of 4.75. 5. the change perception after dental treatment for handicapped has the higher range of females than men's and solving the problems of mouth reference and discomfort of using regular clinics show the statistical significance gap. 6. In the change perception after having dental treatment for handicapped the thought of the possibility of periodical dental care shows the highest perception when the number of visiting is usually shorter and it shows the statistical significance. Conclusions : According to the satisfaction of those inpatients who use free dental care services that belong to dental clinics for handicapped in a part of Seoul welfare centers human services were appeared as the most important factor due to their advantages of taking services from volunteers and staff members. On the other hand to enhance the medical treatment information and environment which showed the weakest factors each inpatient should be specifically specialized for their needs and also further study on plans which enhance their perceptions toward to a better quality of oral-related life is required after using dental treatment service.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.17-29
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• 1971

Korean foods sold restrant and hotel accompaines so many kinds of side dishes. The menues never considered on the nutritional standpoint nor the volume that can be eaten by customers. The purpose of this study is to simplify and improve the menu of Korean foods sold in restrant. To find out the problem and the method of the betterment Korean food sold in restrant. The survey study was made for 100 restrants in Seoul city. Ther average number of side dish of the restrant food was 23. The average amount number of the side dish was 31 and smallest number was 4. The average amount of food served was 979 grams and the average number of food taken by people was 698 grams. The average percentage of intake of food was 62%. Protein Content of the foods sold restrant was from 54% to 240% over the recommended dietary allowances. Protein intake also exceeded from 19% to 147% of recommended dietary allowances. Age of the customers were surveyed to set up the standard amount of the nutrients. About 68% of the customers were from 30 to 40 years of age in the day time (lunch), whereas about 72% were from 20 to 30 years of age in the evening (supper). From the results of the survey study, two nutritional standard were decided to be used. One is the recommended dietary allowences of 25 years of man (reference man), and the other is that of 45 years of man. The actual standards are as follows : Standard 1 (25 years of man) Calories-900~1000Cal Protein-25-30g Vegetables-200~250g (include yellow, green vegetable), Amount of food-about 800g Standard 2 (45 years of man) Calories-700~800Cal Protein-25~30g Vegetables-150~200g (include yellow, green vegetable) Amount of food-700g The kinds of food recommended to be sold in the restrant are as follows : 1. Pansang-is a formal method of korean table setting 3 types, 7 chup, 5 chup, and 3 chup were studied and made, 2. Table for the quest with drink-2 types of table setting, 9 kinds of food and 7 kinds of foods were studied. 3. free meal-in this table, one pig protein dish with kimchi, one vegetable, and one salty flsh will be served, 19 kinds of foods were studies. 4. One dish meal-in one large dish, rice will be served with side dishes soup and kimch will be accompanied, 10 kinds of foods were studied. 5. Cafeteria style foods-one serving of food will be served in small dishes Customers should select the food want to eat.