• 전자공학회논문지S
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• 제36S권1호
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• pp.115-122
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• 1999

본 논문은 음성신호가 카오스 신호임을 확인하고 화자인식 파라미터로 사용하기 위해 상관차원을 분석하였다. 화자식별과 인식 향상을 위하여 개인의 성도특성을 매우 잘 나타내는 음성의 스트레인지 어트렉터를 구성하고 퍼지유사도를 상관차원에 적용하여 퍼지상관차원을 제안하였다. 퍼지상관차원은 어트렉터 구성점들의 상관관계글 퍼지상관적분으로 추정하고 공간차원에 따라 퍼지상관지수가 일정하게 수렴되는 차원값을 구하여 표준패턴 어트렉터와 시험패턴 어트렉터의 변동을 흡수하였다. 퍼지상관차원에 대해 화자와 표준패턴별로 식별오차의 평균값에 따른 거리를 추정함으로써 화자인식파라미터의 타당성을 검토하였다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.516-530
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• 1999

The current clinical technique for occlusal vertical dimension recording is based on marking the skin reference points on the patient's face and measuring between these points using caliper-like device. And it is difficult to achieve reliable measurements by this technique because of movable soft tissue. The purpose of this study is to reveal the stability of skin reference points by comparing the relative movement between extra-oral skin reference points and intra-oral reference points using X-ray fluoroscope. 10 test subjects were divided into 2 groups : Group I (natural dentition) and Group II (denture-wearer whose vertical dimension was lost) and Group III consists of identical test subjects to Group II with their upper denture removed and record base inserted. Attaching the 3 mm diameter steel ball to nose tip, lower lip, chin and to existing denture (or record base), fluoroscopic examination and recording were taken during 2 jaw opening and closing movements. After subsequent digitization using personal computer, 1219 still pictures with 0.1 second interval were made. Using the 2 dimensional graphic software, measurements between reference points were executed. Dividing the entire jaw movement into 3 ranges (total, 1st half opening, 2nd half opening), rate of movement and relative movement between extra-oral and intra-oral reference points were calculated and statistically analyzed. The results of this study are as follows. 1 Within the same experimental group, no statistical difference was found in the stability of skin reference between lower lip point and chin point during total range of jaw opening and closing movement (p>.05) 2. In the first half range of jaw opening, statistical difference was found between Group I (natural dentition) and Group II (denture wearer) (p<.05) Group I has greater skin reference stability than Group II. 3. In the first half range of jaw opening, statistical difference was found between Group I and Group III (record base wearer) (p<.05). Group I has greater skin reference stability than Group III. 4. In the first half range of jaw opening, no statistical difference was found in the stability of skin reference between Group II and Group III (p>.05). 5. In the second half range of jaw opening, no statistical difference was found in the stability of skin reference between any experimental groups (p>.05). 6. In patients with their occlusal vertical dimension lost, employing other measuring references rather than skin is recommended because of low stability.

• 전자공학회논문지T
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• 제36T권4호
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• pp.30-37
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 퍼지 Lyapunov차원을 제안하였다. 퍼지 Lyapunov차원이란 어트렉터의 양적 변화를 평가하는 것으로 본 논문에서는 이것에 의해 화자 인식이 평가되었다. 제안된 퍼지 Lyapunov차원은 표준 패턴 어트렉터사이의 변별 특성이 우수하고, 어트렉터에 대해서는 패턴변동을 흡수시키는 화자 인식 파라미터임을 확인하였다. 퍼지 Lyapunov차원을 평가하기 위해 화자와 표준 패턴별로 식별 오차에 따른 오인식을 추정함으로써 화자인식 파라미터의 타당성을 검토하였다. 화자인식 실험을 수행한 결과 인식율 97.0[%]을 얻었으며 퍼지 Lyapuov차원이 화자인식 파라미터로서 적합함을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.115-131
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• 2000

In the study of craniofacial deformity, it is very important that identifying the factor which can affect the morphology and which is closely related to the morphology, because it can not only improve the comprehension of growth and developmental process but also be applied in growth prediction and treatment modality. Several investigators have already mentioned the characterstics of head posture and airway space in relations to morphologic difference. But it is very meaningful work in clarifying the correlation between morphology, head posture and airway space that observing the change of head posture after morplologic change caused by operation and the change of airway space after same procedure. To investigate above correlation, I selected normal group which is consisted of 43 adults and mandibular prognathism group which is consisted of 47 adults who had been operated by sagittal split ramus osteotomy and were followed up more than 1 year. With their lateral skull radiograghs, reference lines which can evaluate each measuring points and areas without effect of postural change were first determined. And using above reference lines, change of airway space, positional change of tongue and hyoid, change of cranial and cervical angulations were measured. The results obtained from the study were as follows 1. In the change of head posture, the position of tongue and hyoid neighboring to pharynx is more closely related to the reference line of cervical column than to reference line of cranium. 2. After mandibular setback operation, the airway dimension was decreased to 81.6% of preoperative state at 1 month postoperatively and was slightly increased to 89.7% at 1 year postoperatively. 3. Posterior movement of tongue plays important role in decrease of airway dimension and inferior movement of hyoid was closely correlated with posterior movement of tongue. 4. Postoperative anterior movement of mandible, namely, morphologic relapse had correlation with relapse phenomenon of airway dimension. 5. Craniocervical angulation increased postoperatively. Especially in the postoperative early state, there was increased foreward inclination of cervical angulation rather than increase of cranial angulation. But at postoperative 1 year it was observed that cervical inclination was returned to preoperative state and cranial angulation was increased gradually. 6. Increase rate of airway dimension was correlated with the increase of cranial angulation from postoperative 1 month to 1 year. In conclusion, relapse tendency of airway dimension following increase of cranial angulation was found after mandibular setback operation and it is considered that increase of cranial angulation is one of compensatory mechanism in airway maintenance.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제11호
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• pp.20-25
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to find out the correlation between Truth(道) and dimension through the understanding of architectural point of value in the aspect of correlation between modern western thoughts and the thoughts of Truth and also through the reading of what kind of composite trend of the Truth can be seen in a Korea traditional house. This stduy takes the following procedure with reference books and traditional house that we have. 1) Making foundation for this study by finding out the fundamental meaning of the thoughts of Truth through the comparing and analyzing between modern western thoughts and the thoughts of Truth. 2) Reviewing the understanding of dimension in the thoughts of Truth. 3) Traslation of the organic correlation through the analysis of composition, placement and characteristics of dimension in a real present traditional Korea house. 4) Finding out the meaning of each dimension through the adaptation of the fundamental rules of nature of Jane(藏:store), Sang(生:life), Jang(長:long), Su(收obtain) to the dimension composite of a traditional house and concluding that the cyclical process in the oriental thoughts could be made.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.23-38
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• 1999

This study addresses the reference spent fuel and its characteristics for developing a geological repository concept. As a disposal capacity of the reference repository system to be developed, spent fuel inventories were projected based on the basis of the Nuclear Energy Plan of the Long-term National Power Program. The reference spent fuel encompassing a variability in characteristics of all existing and future spent fuels of interest was defined. Key parameters in the reference fuel screening processes were the nuclear and mechanical design parameters and the burnup histories for existing spent fuels as of 1996 and for future spent fuels with the more extended burnup the initial enrichment and its expected turnup. The selected reference fuel was characterized in terms of initial enrichment, bumup, dimension, gross weight and age. Also the isotopic composition and the radiological properties are quantitatively identified. This information provided in this study could be used as input for repository system development and performance assessment and applied in fuel material balance evaluation for the various types of back-end fuel cycle studies.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2009년 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.230-235
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• 2009

In our country, the application of the design method of face to face dimension in wall-slab apartment has passed 10 years. So MC design method has fixed in the design step to some degree. In Design and Work Execution of House the exclusive area of the apartment was calculated by face to face dimension. And the term of face to face dimension was known broadly to clients, construction company, etc. But design method of face to face dimension is not to simply extend the room size so far as wall depth in design process but to ensure the actual space should be considered with efficient use and assembly of building components. That is to say, Design method of face to face dimension is not to be defined by design step but to be related with construction and maintenance. However in construction process the point of face to face design method was not understood even now. So the purpose of this study was to extract the effect and question of face to face design method in construction process by survey of actual condition of structure and construction quality, and compare this result with existing construction method. The following project of this study is to survey of actual condition of interior components such as gypsum board, windows & doors etc. Therefore this study is to induce architectural long-life through architectural standardization construction and component's exchange, and, by the subject of the study on Apartment to have design guideline and basis for joining part between Gypsumboard and windows.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2000년도 제15차 학술회의논문집
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• pp.149-149
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• 2000

We experimented on AGV driving test with color CCD camera which is setup on it. This paper can be divided into two parts. One is image processing part to measure the condition of the guideline and AGV. The other is part that obtains the reference steering angle through using the image processing parts. First, 2 dimension image information derived from vision sensor is interpreted to the 3 dimension information by the angle and position of the CCD camera. Through these processes, AGV knows the driving conditions of AGV. After then using of those information, AGV calculates the reference steering angle changed by the speed of AGV. In the case of low speed, it focuses on the left/right error values of the guide line. As increasing of the speed of AGV, it focuses on the slop of guide line. Lastly, we are to model the above descriptions as the type of PID controller and regulate the coefficient value of it the speed of AGV.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.43-57
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• 2014

Consumers differ with respect to the level of green attitudes and green purchase behavious and different consumer would have different perceptions on green market environment. This study attempted to explain how consumers perceive green market environment differently across different consumer groups in attitude-behaviour dimension in green consumption. After identifying the four consumer groups based on their attitude toward green purchase and green purchase behaviours, a multinomial logistic analysis and a stepwise discriminant analysis were conducted. This study found that reliability in green market was the most critical factor that contributes to enlarge positive green consumers. Also, the role of reference persons and adequate price of green products were also found to be important to stimulate green buying. By understanding the different role of those factors in each group of consumers, this study provided group-specific implications to expand green consumers.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.663-673
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• 2012

A number of mode shape-based structure damage identification methods have been verified by numerical simulations or experiments for on-line structure health monitoring (SHM). However, many of them need a baseline mode shape generated by the healthy structure serving as a reference to identify damages. Otherwise these methods can hardly perform well when multiple cracks conditions occur. So it is important to solve the problems above. By aid of the fractal dimension method (FD), Qiao and Wang proposed a generalized fractal dimension (GFD) to detect the delamination damage. As a modification of GFD, Qiao and Cao proposed the approximate waveform capacity dimension (AWCD) technique to simplify the calculation of fractal and overcome the false peak appearing in the high mode shapes. Based on their valued work, this paper combined and applied the AWCD method and curvature mode shape data to detect multiple damages in beam. In the end, the identification properties of the AWCD for multiple damages have been verified by groups of Monte Carlo simulations and experiments.