• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.65-88
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• 2011

A new method for the seismic design of plane steel moment resisting frames is developed. This method determines the design base shear of a plane steel frame through modal synthesis and spectrum analysis utilizing different values of the strength reduction (behavior) factor for the modes considered instead of a single common value of that factor for all these modes as it is the case with current seismic codes. The values of these modal strength reduction factors are derived with the aid of a) design equations that provide equivalent linear modal damping ratios for steel moment resisting frames as functions of period, allowable interstorey drift and damage levels and b) the damping reduction factor that modifies elastic acceleration spectra for high levels of damping. Thus, a new performance-based design method is established. The direct dependence of the modal strength reduction factor on desired interstorey drift and damage levels permits the control of deformations without their determination and secures that deformations will not exceed these levels. By means of certain seismic design examples presented herein, it is demonstrated that the use of different values for the strength reduction factor per mode instead of a single common value for all modes, leads to more accurate results in a more rational way than the code-based ones.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.234-240
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• 2001

In order to improve the washing fastness of dyed polyester artificial suede fabric, it was dyed by using auto and anthraguinone type disperse dyes and treated with 3 different reduction clearing methods. The reduction clearing methods used in this study were normal alkaline reduction clearing, $N_2$ gas replacement method, and ultrasonic treatment during normal reduction clearing. The results were as followings ; The washing fastness property of dyed polyester artificial suede fabric was slightly improved by reduction clearing with $N_2$ gas replacement or with ultrasonic treatment comparing with normal alkaline reduction clearing. It was found that the use of $N_2$ gas replacement or ultrasonic treatment during reduction clearing eave effective removal of unfixed dyes on the fiber surface. We also obtained that the azo type disperse dye on polyester artificial fabric suede fabric showed higher wash fastness than anthraquinone type disperse dye.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.440-447
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• 2006

Solid polymer electrolyte(SPE) membrane with electrodes embedded on both faces offer unique possibilities for the electrochemical cells like water electrolyzer with fuel cell. The Nafion 117 membrane was used as the SPE, and $Pt(NH_3)_4Cl_2$ and $NaBH_4$ as the electrocatalysts and reducing agent, respectively. The 'impregnation-reduction(I-R) method' has been investigated as a tool for the preparation of electrocatalysts for water electrolyzer by varying the concentration of reducing agent and reduction time at fixed concentration of platinum salt, 5 mmol/L. Pt-SPE electrocatalysts prepared by non-equilibrium I-R method showed the lowest cell voltage of 2.17 V at reduction time, 90 min and with concentration of reducing agent 0.8 mol/L and the cell voltage with those by equilibrium I-R method was 2.42 V at reduction time, 60 min and with concentration of reducing agent 0.8 mol/L. The cell voltage were obtained at a current density $1\;A/cm^2$ and $80^{\circ}C$. In water electrolysis, hydrogen production efficiency by Pt-SPE electrocatalyst is 68.2% in case of non-equilibrium I-R method and 61.2% at equilibrium I-R method.

• 정보과학회 논문지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2018

시간에 따라 순차적으로 들어오는 스트리밍 데이터에서는 전체 데이터 셋을 한꺼번에 모두 이용하는 배치 학습에 기반한 차원축소 기법을 적용하기 어렵다. 따라서 스트리밍 데이터에 적용하기 위한 점층적 차원 감소 방법이 연구되어왔다. 이 논문에서는 최소제곱오차해를 통한 점층적 선형 판별 분석법을 제안한다. 제안 방법은 분산행렬을 직접 구하지 않고 새로 들어오는 샘플의 정보를 이용하여 차원 축소를 위한 사영 방향을 점층적으로 업데이트한다. 실험 결과는 이전에 제안된 점층적 차원축소 알고리즘과 비교하여 이 논문에서 제안한 방법이 더 효과적인 방법임을 입증한다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.327-334
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 SLM, PTS 그리고 DSI와 같은 OFDM 시스템에서 발생하는 높은 PAPR 문제를 해결하기 위한 기존의 PAPR 저감 기법들에서 나타나는 부가정보 전송의 필수성, 시스템 복잡도 및 계산량 증가와 같은 단점들을 해결하기 위해 입력되는 정보의 상관도를 이용하는 새로운 PAPR 저감 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 새로운 PAPR 저감 기법의 예로 Method 1과 Method 2를 제시한다. Method 1은 IFFT에 입력되는 병렬 데이터 시퀀스내의 최소 부분 시퀀스들 간의 상관도를 낮추어 주는 방식이며, 보다 많은 자체 상관도를 저감하기 위해, Method2는 최소 부분 시퀀스들 간의 상관도 뿐만 아니라 최대 부분 시퀀스들 간의 상관도 또한 낮추어준다. 성능 분석 결과에서, Method 1과 Method 2는 각각 0.5 $\~$ O.8 dB와 1 $\~$ 1.2 dB의 PAPR 저감 효과를 보였다. 이는 기존의 기법들보다 PAPR저감 효과는 작게 나타나지만 기존의 기법들이 갖는 여러 단점들을 해결할 수 있는 장점을 갖는다. 또한 보다 자세한 자체 상관도 저감을 통해 보다 큰 PAPR저감 효과를 기대할 수 있다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.313-324
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• 2008

문장 축소란 원본 문장의 기본적인 의미를 유지하면서 불필요한 단어나 구를 제거하는 일련의 정보 압축 과정을 의미한다. 기존의 문장 축소에 관한 연구들은 학습 과정에서 대량의 어휘나 구문적 자원을 필요로 하였으며, 복잡한 파싱 과정을 통해서 불필요한 문장의 구성원(예를 들어, 단어나 구, 절 등)들을 제거하여 문장을 요약하였다. 그러나 학습 데이타로부터 얻을 수 있는 어휘적 자원은 매우 한정적이며, 문장의 모호성과 예외적인 표현들 때문에 구문 분석 결과가 명료하게 제공되지 않은 언어에서는 문장 요약이 용이하지 않다. 이에 본 논문에서는 구문 분석을 대체하기 위한 방법으로 템플릿과 품사 정보를 이용한 문장 축소 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 요약문의 구조적 형태를 결정하기 위한 문장 축소 템플릿(Sentence Reduction Templates)과 문법적으로 타당한 문장 구조를 구성하는 품사기반 축소규칙(Grammatical POS-based Reduction Rules)을 이용하여 요약 대상 문장의 구성을 분석하고 요약한다. 더불어, 문장 축소 템플릿 적용 시 발생하는 연산량 증가 문제를 은닉 마르코프 모델(HMM: Hidden Markov Model)의 비터비 알고리즘(Viterbi Algorithm)을 이용하여 효과적으로 처리한다. 마지막으로, 본 논문에서 제안한 문장 축소 방법의 결과와 기존 논문의 연구 결과를 비교 및 평가함으로써 제안하는 문장 축소 방법의 유용성을 확인한다.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.85-99
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• 2008

The dynamic response analysis for large structures using finite element method requires a large amount of computational resources. This paper presents an efficient vibration analysis procedure by combining node-based substructuring reduction method with a response analysis scheme for structures with undamped, proportional or nonproportional damping. The iterative form of substructuring reduction scheme is derived to reduce the full eigenproblem and to calculate the dynamic responses. In calculating the time response, direct integration scheme is used because it can be applied directly to the reduced model. Especially for the non proportional damping matrix, the transformation matrices defined in the displacement space are used to reduce the system. The efficiency and the effectiveness of the present method are demonstrated through the numerical examples.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-22
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• 2010

In this paper one introduces a method of multiscale modelling called collection of dynamical systems with dimensional reduction. The method is suggested to be an appropriate approach to theoretical modelling of phenomena in mechanics of materials having in mind especially dynamics of processes. Within this method one formalizes scale of averaging of processes during modelling. To this end a collection of dynamical systems is distinguished within an elementary dynamical system. One introduces a dimensional reduction procedure which is designed to be a method of transition between various scales. In order to consider continuum models as obtained by means of the dimensional reduction one introduces continuum with finite-dimensional fields. Owing to geometrical elements associated with the elementary dynamical system we can formalize scale of averaging within continuum mechanics approach. In general presented here approach is viewed as a continuation of the rational mechanics.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.1315-1323
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• 2014

Although the power density in Double Stator Switched Reluctance Motor (DSSRM) has been improved, the torque ripple is still very high. So, it is important to reduce the torque ripple for specific applications such as Electric Vehicles (EVs). In This paper, an effective rotor shaping optimization technique for torque ripple reduction of DSSRM is presented. This method leads to the lower torque pulsation without significant reduction in the average torque. The method is based on shape optimization of the rotor using Finite Element Method and Taguchi's optimization method for rotor reshaping for redistribution of the flux so that the phase inductance profile has smoother variation as the rotor poles move into alignment with excited stator poles. To check on new design robustness, mechanical analysis was used to evaluate structural conformity against local electromagnetic forces which cause vibration and deformation. The results show that this shape optimization technique has profound effect on the torque ripple reduction.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

In this paper, a MSS-NOVO method that combines the HMM composition method with a noise reduction method is proposed for speech recognition in noisy environments. This combined method starts with noise reduction with modified spectral subtraction (MSS) to enhance the input noisy speech, then the noise and voice composition (NOVO) method is applied for making noise adapted models by using the noise in the non-utterance regions of the enhanced noisy speech. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed method, we compare MSS-NOVO method with other methods, i.e., SS-NOVO, MWF-NOVO. To set up the noisy speech for test, we add White noise to KLE 452 database with different SNRs range from 0dB to 15dB, at 5dB intervals. From the tests, MSS-NOVO method shows average improvement of 66.5% and 13.6% compared with the existing SS-NOVO method and MWF-NOVO method, respectively. Especially our proposed MSS-NOVO method shows a big improvement at low SNRs.